Listenership Behaviours in Intercultural Encounters: A Time-Aligned Multimodal Corpus Analysis

251 Pages·2013·6.07 MB·English

by  Keiko Tsuchiya

Listenership Behaviours in Intercultural Encounters
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series (P&BNS)
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Editor Associate Editor
Anita Fetzer Andreas H. Jucker
University of Augsburg University of Zurich
Founding Editors
Jacob L. Mey Herman Parret Jef Verschueren
University of Southern Belgian National Science Belgian National Science
Denmark Foundation, Universities of Foundation,
Louvain and Antwerp University of Antwerp
Editorial Board
Robyn Carston Sachiko Ide Deborah Schiffrin
University College London Japan Women’s University Georgetown University
Thorstein Fretheim Kuniyoshi Kataoka Paul Osamu Takahara
University of Trondheim Aichi University Kobe City University of
Miriam A. Locher Foreign Studies
John C. Heritage
University of California at Los Universität Basel Sandra A. Thompson
Angeles Sophia S.A. Marmaridou University of California at
University of Athens Santa Barbara
Susan C. Herring
Indiana University Srikant Sarangi Teun A. van Dijk
Cardiff University Universitat Pompeu Fabra,
Masako K. Hiraga
Barcelona
St. Paul’s (Rikkyo) University Marina Sbisà
University of Trieste Yunxia Zhu
The University of Queensland
Volume 236
Listenership Behaviours in Intercultural Encounters
A time-aligned multimodal corpus analysis
by Keiko Tsuchiya
Listenership Behaviours
in Intercultural Encounters
A time-aligned multimodal corpus analysis
Keiko Tsuchiya
Tokai University
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam / Philadelphia
TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
8
the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence
of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Listenership Behaviours in Intercultural Encounters : A time-aligned multimodal corpus
analysis / Keiko Tsuchiya.
p. cm. (Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, issn 0922-842X ; v. 236)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-90-272-5641-6 (hb : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-272-7101-3 (eb)
1. Listening comprehension. 2. Conversation analysis. 3. Corpora (Linguistics)
4.  Modality (Linguistics) 5. Intercultural communication. I. Title.
P95.46.T78 2013
303.48’2--dc23 2013033281
isbn 978 90 272 5641 6 (Hb ; alk. paper)
isbn 978 90 272 7101 3 (Eb)
© 2013 – John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any
other means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 36224 · 1020 me Amsterdam · The Netherlands
John Benjamins North America · P.O. Box 27519 · Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 · usa
Table of contents
Acknowledgements ix
List of abbreviations xi
List of tables, figures and transcripts xiii
Tables xiii
Figures xiii
Transcripts xiv
chapter 1
Introduction 1
1.0 Listenership behaviour 1
1.1 Intercultural encounters 4
1.2 Corpus and time 6
1.3 Organisation of the book 10
chapter 2
Listenership behaviours 13
2.0 Introduction 13
2.1 Listening culturally 13
2.2 Language and culture 21
2.3 Language and context 25
2.4 Language and identity 30
2.5 Pragmatics in cultures 31
2.6 Summary 36
chapter 3
Conversation and discourse 37
3.0 Introduction 37
3.1 Structure of conversation 37
3.2 Conversational gesture 45
3.3 Discursive practice 47
3.4 Discourse framework 49
3.5 Summary 51
vi Listenership Behaviours in Intercultural Encounters
chapter 4
A time-aligned multimodal corpus 53
4.0 Introduction 53
4.1 Exploring spoken corpora 53
4.2 Developing a multimodal corpus 59
4.3 Modifying multimodal data 61
4.4 Summary 67
chapter 5
Examining methodologies 69
5.0 Introduction 69
5.1 Global pattern analysis on the ten-minute data 70
5.2 Turn structural analysis on the ten-minute data 84
5.3 The scope of the analysis 98
5.4 Summary 101
chapter 6
Exploring global patterns in listenership behaviour 103
6.0 Introduction 103
6.1 Word count and time length 103
6.2 Placement of response tokens 106
6.3 Summary 120
chapter 7
Turn structure and listenership behaviours 123
7.0 Introduction 123
7.1 Verbal and visual response tokens 123
7.2 Turn-structural episodes 140
7.2.1 Turn-structural episodes and listenership in Alex 142
7.2.2 Turn-structural episodes and listenership in Kathy 146
7.2.3 Turn-structural episodes and listenership in Clive 149
7.2.4 Turn-structural episodes and listenership in Steve 150
7.2.5 Turn-structural episodes and listenership in Helen 151
7.2.6 Turn-structural episodes and listenership in Toshi 153
7.2.7 Turn-structural episodes and listenership in John 157
7.2.8 Turn-structural episodes and listenership in Ken 159
7.3 Preferences in turn size and placement of response tokens 163
7.4 Summary 168
Table of contents vii
chapter 8
Concluding remarks 171
8.0 Corpus and time – possibilities and limitations 171
8.1 Constructing context and social identities 174
8.2 Discourse-pragmatic research with corpora 181
Appendices
appendix a
Verbal response tokens with head nods 187
appendix b
Turn-structural episode 191
B.1 Turn-structural episodes in Alex 191
B.2 Turn-structural episodes in Kathy 192
B.3 Turn-structural episodes in Clive 196
B.4 Turn-structural episodes in Steve 201
B.5 Turn-structural episodes in Helen 203
B.6 Turn-structural episodes in Toshi 206
B.7 Turn-structural episodes in John 209
B.8 Turn-structural episodes in Ken 213
Annotation conventions 215
References 217
Index 231

Acknowledgements
The completion of this book is largely due to the support of many people. I would
like to thank Svenja Adolphs, who has always encouraged me and believed in my
work. I am grateful to Ronald Carter, whose work has a great influence on this
book. I also thank Anne O’Keeffe for reading the work and providing detailed
feedback at an early stage.
Special thanks go to Linda Taylor for her continuous and warm support and
John, who supports Lin; to Diane Schmitt, for introducing me to Svenja at the
starting point of this study; to Katie Head, for her great help in collecting the
research data; to Michael Handford, for being a resourceful mentor at home; to
Dawn Knight for her relevant and useful instructions; to Chloe Harrison and Steve
Kirk for proof reading the manuscript.
I would like to extend my gratitude to Kumiko Murata, who has always been
generous taking her time to provide critical and insightful comments on my work.
Thanks also to Yoichi Tanabe and Michiko Nakano, who first started me on this
journey of discovery.
I am grateful to the editors, Anita Fetzer, Andreas Jucker and Jef Verschueren,
and two anonymous reviews of Pragmatics and Beyond New Series for providing
detailed comments, and to Isja Conen, Esther Roth and Patricia Leplae at John
Benjamins Publishing for their guidance and help.
Finally, thanks to my family in Japan and Theresa and John Hatvani in
Nottingham, and friends who shared the research room, Pheobe Lin, Peng Ding,
Rita Shu-chiu, Tatsuya Taguchi and many others for their invaluable support
throughout the project.
Keiko Tsuchiya
Hiratsuka, June 2013