L’infinito nella scienza. Infinity in science

304 Pages·1987·6.804 MB·Italian, English, French

by  Toraldo di Francia Giuliano (ed.)

ACTA ENCYCLOP!EDICA
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Questcao llansai p ubbliccoani lc oordinameendtiot oriael ree daziona/e
diG iannEiu geniVoi olRae.da ttrircees ponsaRboislae/La bnzaa.
L'INFININTEOL LAS CIENZA
INFINIITNYS CIENCE
A curdai G iuliTaonroa lddioF rancia
ISTITUDTEOL LA
ENCICLOPEDIIAT ALIANA
FONDATDAA G.T RECCANI
©
PROPRIETAÀR TISTICEA L ETTERARIAR ISERVATA
Copyrighbty
IstitduetlolE an ciclopIetdailai afnoan,d adtaa G iovanTnrie ccaRnoim,a
1987
Edidtaol l'UAffitctiioCv uilttàu rali
dell'IdsetliEltnauc tioc loIpteadliiaa na
Inr edaziRoonseaL,/a bnaz eaF ranRcoav igatti
14796--S1t abilimTeinptoil itogr«aEfi.Ac rii anei >«>L 'Ardteel lSat ampa>>
dellSa. p.AA.r mandPoa ole-tFtiir enze
Indice
GiuliTaonroad lidF or anLcii'fnani,i itnou nsac ifienniz.taa . .. P.a..g 7
IlyParo igginTeh,Oe p eUnn iverse 17
»
CarlRou bbiaLi,n'i fniritlfose:si odniui nf s iic.o.. ... . . ... . .2.9 . . .
»
Bernda'rsEdpg an,aL tep robdleèismni efne inps h ysoibqsutaoecu,ile n di-
ce? 47
»
PaoBluod inLih'cohr,ri onrf inneilftsilaii c.a.. . . . . ... . .5.5. . . . . .
»
TullRiegoge L,i' fnniitos iem mleet rie 73
»
MaxJ amm,eZ rne'osP aradTooxdaeys 81
»
GabriLeol,lIle l firmoailsmeol i 'fnniit.o. . . . . . ... . .9.7. . . . . . . . .
»
Jens FEerniskTt haDedi, s carnetdth Ceeo ntiinnMu aotuhse matics and
thNea tuSrcai!e .nc.e.s. . . . . . . . ........ . .11.1. . . . . . . . . . . . .
»
EllMieontd elIsniofnyni i,tn S eTthe ory. . . . . . ...... .. .1.27. . . . . .
»
Jean-GYivre,asL r i'dnifneinl ogiaquoutuedr:u c oncdee'nptti er 141
»
SolomFoenf erImniafnni,i tynM athemIast iCcNasen:ct ryea?sr s a 115
»
VinceCnapzpoe tlilL,'e f tiinnieti opl r eombadl elflarmo a . . ... . .21.1
»
AlisCt.Ca orimrb ,iI enifnPiotweae nrtd h Lea wos/N atuAr Mee:d ilev a
Spceulat.io.n. . . . . . . ................. ..... 2..2..3 .... . . .
»
JohNno rtEht,e rnitIfiynn iaitynnL d a tMee diTevhoaulg .ht.. ... . 245
»
NicBoladaa loLin'fiinn,i nteRoli nascGiimoernBdatrunonofr:o ag l'ia nti-
ch'i e' moirnd i'e. . . . . . . . .............. ....2.5..7. ... . . . .
»
V aleerrair,oL' fiiVnn idteolr laga io.ne. . . . . . . ... . .27.3. . . . . . . . . .
»
GiulGiioo r,eIl ll 'odisdgeulfsiltn''oii tinoelri godreeCl ak ool . .. . 283
»
5
Quesvtool urmaec iceoi,gnf l orpmraaz ialammepanltteiae con vaalrciuannzeeil o­ni
lo'rdidnipe r eszeino,tn taeie sitlsilt urianot cic oansdeie Clo vnegsnuo« L'infinito
nelslcai etneznasu»iit n Ro o mtar ia7l e l 1'1g e nn1a9i8eo6o rgandiazllz'iaIttsuott o
delElncai cloIptleaidaeind aaa ' lstIlitGurtaom .sL c'fiUifcAitot iCvulittluàdir e alla
EnciclIotlpaieaedln iaSaa e zidoiTn eeo erM ieet oddeils lcai edne'zlsIaltu itGtor am­
sc(id itrade aAt ntoDniiM oe oh)a nansoc suirailct ooo rdindaemie nltcahove o ri
sis onaov valsdii rdeezslicloiane end tiGi ifuilciTaao nroad lidF or an.c ia
GiuliTao nrload doi F rancia
L'infit•n niu tnoa s cienfzian ita
ScriBslsaePi asse!nc eaPie ns()1:i« eLuri'o mnoo nè chuen ac annlea'ss,e re
pmd ebodleeln laat ;um raaè u ncaa ncnhae spaeN»ne.l sltoe sspsiore i ctoon
los teasmsmoi rsattuops oipr oet redbi:br« eeLu 'omèou ne ssfeirnei tuon; ma
esserfei ncihteo ppeuanòrs lei' nfi»n.i to
Nepla scsiot atoc oPspaìrse ocgsa:u! e
Non occcohrelru 'en iveirnstoe sriao r mpie rs chiaccuinav ralpoo,;r eugnoac cia
da'cqubaa stpaenuroc cideMraql uoa.'n ndachleu' niveirnstoel roso c hciiaacsls'oeu­,
mo sarebsbeem pprieùn obildei c icòh el ou cci,pd eercshaé mdoir irem;e ntre,
delv antagcghieho a s ud il u,il u'nivenrosnos an iente.
Ebbeongegn ios ii oa amrriavc aatpici hrqeeue stuon ivpeortsroe esbsebree
inftiomn,ai p ueòs rsefe in.Si ptapoiacmhoèei ne snpsaieoc nhele e' sapnsipoon­e
trebbe par'lnolifsiengoaiu rtisrortre ease it ornianrdei. e atEbr boifaomnod faitdau ­
cicah fer qau alacnhnoeod ecensrnaeimoio ng raddiro i soildlvi elreaem.S mp apia­
moc hseel u 'nivfeorssisone f iens itttaioac vor emdmafo a irc eo nctoiinc l o siddetto
parsasddooi O lebr,ps ecru ili c ienloot tudronvor eabvbeesr pel endore infinito
(op,ir ùe iatsliceanmtleos, p lenddesolor .leT e u)tqtuee csotssepea p ia.L mu'oniverso
invencoenl es a.
Abbiadmeotc tholeu ' ompou pòe anrslei' nfiMnais taiom.os iccuhrseii c ao sì?
Sit radtit avu enre op rop'rocinoc e'td,ti qo ualccohsceah peo ssiaamfof errare
ei ntunierlselu eqe u laidtiàs t,io nptpiudvreeelm lear' aen gaz'id oiun nce onc,e tto
comèes uggedrailstltoae dsesnao min(adz-ipoienngie rr e,oic noni jniitnlu amt ino
en elllien gdueera itvue,ne -ndliintc ehd e, scceoìo sv i?a )
Nonc 'dèu bbcihoe mpoelrt o teesmntpeaog aqtsuiiavapi rptsaàpa r opcroimoe
lac ontnaooznisela iedneltil'en fti.oMn aip,a rsasldamoe,ne tsepsuaaò n crhies ultare
movtaitoaa ,l mesnuogi gtedarau, n cao ntradddie'tlifti noterod i'ae lctloàang sueente
impsiosbtiàdl iip enscahriea raqmueesnlttt'ei.u Èm ionfilaf titnici htceoo lnas ua
'edliiatmzi'os neembnreaca ersisamentea "lrllaitmrason-éded'aq a ru-ei nadlpilr ao ­
prinae gaz.i one
EsmeplarmdeincLteue c renzeDileo r erunma t(u:2r )a
AmmetticahmeIo o s paoz tiutstiofa i tnoiS.e q ualcunoa l'clluotrircmeoo n fidni e
esso e scaglivae loutcnisea e ,m fbrcrehacee c sisala ac,ni actoang ranfdoer zvao,l e-
(lB). P asl,cL aePse nsqéuecisi ,.dt alla trd.ai tI.P :e nsiTeorir,i1 n69o2 p,. 3 77.
(2L)u creDzeire oru,m naturqau,ci i.dt alla d.eM ilano1 97v8ol,.l ,p .9 70.
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rebbleo ntaalnb ae rsaogplpiuor,e cpheeqn usail cohset acloafl eor mereOb lb'neuo?
o la'ltdreov aic cettMaarl ue'n.oe l'ltartoit olgoongons ic amep to ic ostringono
ada mmettcehreleu ' nivesries sot esnednafz ian Ien.f attcih,eq usailaci omspae disca
ald arddoig iungaelrb ee rsaeg dliic oo nficcsaircavh iees sis,eo s cfau orviu,o i
dirceh en onè partdiatlco o nf.i ne
Ed iq u,i conmoet soèia, r rdirviadt rtiiat ltplira i amnat indoemlrilaaag ion
purdaiK an.t
Ado gnmio d,o a gplaairt toem -isatiqi u aalpip uanptpoa rLtuicerneez io
- siiaf isloofsiig,al s ic ienaznitaistceihm ib raavneaorv uutnosa o rdtita e rrore
relidgiinoasanloliz 'nift ioLn.ai n atupruar amneengtaedt eiclvo an cèed tate os si
messian l umceed ilanfato en damdeinsttailfnerz 'naiif oinnpeio ttoel neez'' i ifainnito
att'uD.ael pler iimnof a-tstiica h sei t radtiet niu maezri,o ndoeim ovinmteo,
od ic otsruz-iosnpiea rcloamd eiq uaslacc hosepi u còo inntuqauraen stviou ole
senezsas ienrtete trmire,on tdreesl e cosnipdr aol cao mdei cuonn cceotmtpol eto
ins es teesd seot eart.moM ian,c omaef feArrmtiaos tneelleMl etaai fs(i3),cn ao n
èi ng ioqcuolio ' rdindairsitaif nrzcaii coòhn èeei n' poteec nizcòah 'èei n't aot'.
Infa«tquteicl hlseovi e dvei»e cnoecs hìi am«aOpt eor cshviée doep ercshpiéu ò
ved;em rale i'nfiensiiitsnpot o et ennozpnae rcphoésm saaei s tiesrea ttièsno e ;p ara­
bilseo lnoe lcloasn coenza».
Nautralmae'lnnliftien iteasmtefenastnoern ioos nct-roa' lllatersoet mrod ella
scadlealg lrea nd-elziz'nef iniptiacmceeonl ilt'noef inidtiavmie.snE it qbeui il e
èb enno tqou aelneo rimmep aatbtboi aavnuost uolf lilsaoo feis au lslcai eipn azraa ­
dosdsiZi en on.Oe ggpie,cr h cio sncolaam eccaqnuniatcias ttlaipicra aa,d ohsasnin o
perdmuotlodt eall loafr ooar i,zn q uanstio appaoi gpgoiftaienssoii c iammpernotpeo ­
nilbiPi.e eres mp,il oal ocalizdzia czuoinro (pnpoea rtiincp eulnslteaim) p prieù
vicfirnlaio èri om psobsiilferl;aa' ltpreor cehséi gecrhesebai bv sees aed iszpioosnie
une'nerigniifati cani,ò èca shsuer .Md oag inàe lfliasc ilcaass sidi ocvaee vssae re
fortepmeelrneptsseus livl aalt iàddi ai lcaurnogem eanzti.oP neeires mp,in oel«ldai co­
toimac»o,m peu rnee'« l Alcilhlel ate a rrutaga»a,p pasriinvgaco hlceah raiem metteva
tranquiclhluean mlaeu nntgehf eiznzfiaot sais nef inidtiavmlieesndi,tob esvi sepeo i
credcehurene i nterdvita ellmoip nof inidtiavmfieosnsnotse eeec s rsiaamienniftti.eon
Coumnquleam atemamtoidceaar,d n opsoe cdoilt ii mipdears pslidetiàn anzi
a'lnlifiitnfoi,pn eìtr r ovmaord-eia lmeanpop aren-termaegnitoen etvroalti­ per
tarelp oe rri conoscelraln eeg iiqttutàii.nm di
Lev ie gpieurn agq eureest troa gusaornsdotto ae m ol.tM eav lael ap ena di
metteirnrn ilest uaon mao litmop aonr,ttc ehe svpieesinsgeona o trSai.t radtetlal a
scopdeerltplara o spedtapt airvdtaee g alrit diesRlti in asc.i mento
Finoc hsaei d icceh deu ree tctoen vercghe'eon cnvteir gsoenpmor mee n'o
si'nconitnru anpn uon steom pprielù o nteas niao g giucnhqgeue a nddiov entano
paranlolsnei' lnec onptirsùafi,na uo n nae tdtitasi nzqiuoatnlaeit firvaai nufni nito
potelneez u inia nfinaitt.toI o nfiannt eptlri i cmaos ilo p undti'on co,na tnrcohe
sel oanntoq uanstivo u oeles,i msetnet,nr eesl e cocnadsono o ne sipsit.ù e
Mau,n vao lstcao pile' ruptnot of guda,ii' nc usiu lldae plti etltsaio' nrceo nnot ra
retcthene e lslcae rneaa sloenp oa ralclise icl oen,v icnhlceae d iffefrreuann z a
(3)A rislet,oM teteiasfi1c0a4,b8 .
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