Table Of ContentLife and Society in the Hittite World
(cid:2)
Life and Society in the
Hittite World
(cid:2)
TREVOR BRYCE
3
3
Great Clarendon Street,Oxford ox2 6dp
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© Trevor Bryce 2002
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First published 2002
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Data available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bryce,Trevor,1940–
Life and society in the Hittite world / Trevor Bryce.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p.).
ISBN 0-19-924170-8
1. Hittites—Social life and customs. 2. Hittites—Civilization. I. Title.
DS66 .B755 2002
909¢.49199—dc21 2002025032
1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
Typeset by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd.,Hong Kong
Printed in Great Britain
on acid-free paper by
Biddles Ltd,Guildford & King’s Lynn
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Professor Silvin Kosˇak
for the time he has given to reading this book in its draft stages and
for the many valuable comments and suggestions he has made.My
thanks also to Mr Geoff Tully for his illustrations and to Mr Feza
Toker of Ekip Film for kindly providing several of the photographs.
A general word of thanks is due to Dr Stephanie Dalley, whose
initial suggestions to me about a book on the Hittites prompted the
writing of The Kingdom of the Hittites as well as the present volume.
Once again I would like to acknowledge the invaluable support
and advice which I have received from Professor Oliver Gurney
over many years.His passing is a great loss to the world of Hittite
scholarship,as it is to me personally.
T.R.B.
August 2001
Contents
List of Illustrations viii
Abbreviations ix
List of Hittite Kings xi
Maps xiii
Introduction 1
Synopsis of Hittite History 8
1. King,Court,and Royal Officials 11
2. The People and the Law 32
3. The Scribe 56
4. The Farmer 72
5. The Merchant 87
6. The Warrior 98
7. Marriage 119
8. The Gods 134
9. The Curers of Diseases 163
10. Death,Burial,and the Afterlife 176
11. Festivals and Rituals 187
12. Myth 211
13. The Capital 230
14. Links across the Wine-Dark Sea 257
Notes 269
Bibliography 293
Index 302
List of Illustrations
Maps
1. The World of the Hittites xiii
2. The Near East in the Late Bronze Age xiv
Figures
1. King Tudhaliya IV as priest,relief from Yazılıkaya 20
2. Hittite charioteers at Kadesh 112
3. Probable wedding scene,from vessel found at Bitik 120
(near Ankara)
4. Gold figurine of god 159
5. Royal couple worship Storm God represented as bull, 192
relief from Alaca Höyük
6. Lion hunt,relief from Alaca Höyük 193
7. Yazılıkaya 196
8. Dagger-god,relief from Yazılıkaya 198
9. The twelve gods,relief from Yazılıkaya 199
10. Plan of Hattusa 231
11. Temples in Upper City 235
12. Lion Gate 238
13. ‘King’s’ Gate 240
14. Temple of the Storm God 247
Abbreviations
AA Archäologischer Anzeiger
AfO Archiv für Orientforschung
ÄHK Edel,E.,Die Ägyptische-hethitische Korrespondenz aus
Boghazköi,2vols.(Opladen,1994)
AO Archív Orientální
AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament
AOF Altorientalische Forschungen
AS Anatolian Studies
BA Biblical Archaeologist
BiOr Bibliotheca Orientalis
CTH E.Laroche,Catalogue des textes hittites (Paris,1971)
EA The El-Amarna Letters, most recently ed. W. Moran
(Baltimore,London,1992)
Fs Alp H. Otten et al., Hittite and Other Anatolian and Near
Eastern Studies in honour of Sedat Alp(Ankara,1992)
Fs Güterbock I K. Bittel, Ph. H. J. Houwink ten Cate, E. Reiner,
Anatolian Studies presented to H. G. Güterbock
(Istanbul,1974)
Fs Güterbock II H. A. Hoffner and G. M. Beckman, Kaniˇssˇuwar: A
Tribute to Hans G.Güterbock on his Seventy-fifth Birth-
day (Chicago,1986)
Fs Houwink T.Van den Hout and J.De Roos,Studio Historiae Ardens
ten Cate (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Presented to Philo H. J.
Houwink ten Cate on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday)
(Istanbul,1995)
Fs Jacobsen Sumerological Studies in Honor of Thorkild Jacobsen,
Assyriological Studies 20(Chicago,1974)
Fs Laroche Florilegium Anatolicum, Mélanges offerts à Emmanuel
Laroche(Paris,1979)
Fs Otten E.Neu and C.Rüster,Documentum Asiae Minoris Anti-
quae (Festschrift Heinrich Otten) (Wiesbaden,1988)
Fs Polomé Perspectives on Indo-European Language,Culture,and
Religion:Studies in Honor of Edgar C.Polomé,vol i,JIES
Monograph 7(Bochum,1991)
