Table Of ContentMore praise for Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor, 1980–1983
“ Tim Lawrence brings the authority of his deeply sourced disco
history Love Saves the Day to club culture’s great melting- pot mo-
ment, when hip hop, punk, and disco transformed one another,
with input from salsa, jazz, and Roland 808s. If you never danced
yourself dizzy at the Roxy, the Paradise Garage, or the Mudd
Club, here’s a chance to feel the bass and taste the sweat.”
— WILL HERMES, author of Love Goes to Buildings on Fire: Five
Years in New York That Changed Music Forever
Praise for Love Saves the Day
“ Tim Lawrence’s disco culture tome is one of the sharpest books
on dance music to date, striking a balance between you- are- there
club descriptions, socioeconomic analy sis, and musical critique.”
— TRICIA ROMANO, Village Voice
“ [E]verything a good history should be— accurate, informative,
well- organized, and thoughtful. It is also every thing a quality read
should be— fresh, thoughtful, and provocative. . . . L ove Saves the
Day is, as so many critics have noted, the definitive book on dance
music in the 1970s.”
— LISA NEFF, Chicago Free Press
“L ove Saves the Day is what we need for generations to come: it’s
the real history of dance music and dj/club culture.”
— LOUIE VEGA, dj/producer, Masters At Work & Nuyorican
Soul
“L ove Saves the Day not only gets dance music history right—it
refocuses that history to include those unjustly excluded from it.”
— ETHAN BROWN, New York Magazine
“ [T]his is as close to a definitive account of disco as w e’re likely to
get, and as entertaining as a great night out.”
— RICHARD SMITH, Gay Times
“ Lawrence’s astounding research and wide focus make this the
music’s definitive chronicle so far.”
— MICHAELANGELO MATOS, Seattle Weekly
“ An extraordinarily rich work that o ught to transform the ways we
write the history of popu lar m usic.”
— MITCHELL MORRIS, Journal of Pop u lar Music Studies
Praise for Hold On to Your Dreams
“ [T]he most fascinating recount of the unfairly condemned- to-
obscurity experimental musician. . . . R ussell’s unpre ce dented
genre- merging deserves this kind of exploration, and Lawrence
approaches with a delicacy and direct intimacy reminiscent of the
music itself.”
—Oxford American
“ With rich and animated detail, Tim Lawrence tracks Arthur Rus-
sell’s insatiable drive to integrate so-c alled serious music and pop.
This definitive biography is both an engrossing rec ord of Russell’s
musical ambitions and a compelling account of the fertile down-
town scene that supported his admirable dreams.”
— MATT WOLF, director of Wild Combination: A Portrait of
Arthur Russell
“A monumental work.”— KRIS NEEDS, Reco rd Collector
“ Lawrence’s writing is up to the task of telling this narrative in a
way that makes the pathos of Russell’s life a deeply compelling
win dow onto the ‘Downtown’ music scene of the 1980s and ’90s.”
— GUSTAVOS STADLER, Social Text
“ Hold on to Your Dreams sets a new standard for musical biogra-
phy by virtue of its research methodology and focus on seemingly
minor figures. Lawrence makes a strong case for the importance
of Russell’s music to our understanding of late- twentieth- century
cultural life and, perhaps most importantly, shows the value of
historical biography written with an emphasis on musical media-
tion and social networks.”
— RYAN DOHONEY, Journal of the Society for American Music
LIFE AND
DEATH
ON THE
NEW YORK
DANCE
FLOOR
1980–1983
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Tim Lawrence
D D
u u
r k
h e
am U
n
an ive
d r
Lo sity
n P
do re
n s
s
2
01
6
© 2016 Duke University Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper ∞
Cover designed by Natalie F. Smith
Interior designed by Mindy Basinger Hill
Typeset in Minion Pro by Westchester Publishing Services
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Lawrence, Tim, [date]
Title: Life and death on the New York dance floor, 1980–1983 /
Tim Lawrence.
Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2016. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: lccn 2016007103 (print)
lccn 2016008598 (ebook)
isbn 9780822361862 (hardcover : alk. paper)
isbn 9780822362029 (pbk. : alk. paper)
isbn 9780822373926 (e book)
Subjects: lcsh: Dance music— New York (State)— New York—20th
century— History and criticism. | Popu lar music— New York (State)—
New York—1981–1990— History and criticism. | Popu lar culture—N ew York
(State)— New York—20th century— History and criticism.
Classification: lcc ml3411.5 .l379 2016 (print) |
lcc ml3411.5 (ebook) | ddc 781.64—d c23
lc rec ord available at http:// lccn. loc. gov/ 2016007103
Cover art, clockwise from upper left: Ruza Blue at Danceteria, 1984;
photograph © Rhonda Paster. Danceteria dance floor, 1980; photograph
© Allan Tannenbaum / SoHo Blues. From left to right: Keith Haring,
unknown, Grace Jones, and Fab 5 Freddy at the Fun Gallery, ca. 1983;
photograph © Ande Whyland. Dancers at the Roxy, 1983; photograph
© Bob Gruen.
CONTENTS
ix Preface
xvii Acknowl edgments
1 Introduction
PART I 1980 THE RECALIBRATION OF DISCO
11 1 Stylistic Coherence Didn’t Matter at All
30 2 The Basement Den at Club 57
48 3 Danceteria: Midtown Feels the Downtown Storm
60 4 S ubterranean Dance
73 5 Th e Bronx- Brooklyn Approach
92 6 The Sound Became More Real
105 7 M ajor-L abel Calculations
111 8 The Saint Peter of Discos
122 9 Lighting the Fuse
PART II 1981 ACCELERATING TOWARD PLURALISM
135 10 Explosion of Clubs
155 11 Artistic Maneuvers in the Dark
170 12 Downtown Configures Hip Hop
184 13 The Sound of a Transcendent F uture
199 14 The New Urban Street Sound
210 15 It Wasn’t Rock and Roll and It W asn’t Disco
221 16 Frozen in Time or Freed into Infinity
232 17 It Felt Like the Whole City Was Listening
239 18 Shrouded Abatements and Mysterious Deaths
viii PART III 1982 DANCE CULTURE SEIZES THE CITY
C 245 19 All We Had Was the Club
O
NT 257 20 I nverted Pyramid
E
N 271 21 R oxy Music
T
S
279 22 The Garage: Every body Was Listening to Every thing
288 23 The Planet Rock Groove
304 24 T echno Funksters
314 25 T aste Segues
320 26 S tormy Weather
331 27 Cusp of an Impor tant Fusion
PART IV 1983 THE GENESIS OF DIVISION
343 28 C ristal for Every one
369 29 Dropping the Pretense and the Flashy Suits
381 30 Straighten It Out with Larry Levan
400 31 Stripped-D own and Scrambled Sounds
419 32 We Became Part of This Energy
430 33 S ex and Dying
438 34 We Got the Hits, We Got the F uture
449 35 B ehind the Groove
458 EPILOGUE Life, Death, and the Hereafter
485 Notes
515 Selected Discography
529 Selected Filmography
531 Selected Bibliography
537 Index
PREFACE
Sanity dictated that this book should have told the history of
1980s dance culture in the United States in the way that my first book, Love Saves
the Day, excavated the 1970s, charting the chaotic renewal of the post- disco
party scene in early 1980s New York, the mid-d ecade rise of Chicago house
and Detroit techno, and the culture’s end- of-d ecade decline as its center of
gravity shifted to Eur ope. But sanity failed to anticipate the way the early 1980s
would reveal themselves to be one of the most creatively vibrant and socially
dynamic periods in the history of New York. Nor did it foresee how t hose su-
perficially amorphous years contained some kind of coded lesson about cre-
ativity, community, and democracy in the global city. So instead of depicting
the 1980–1983 period as a mere bridge that connected the big genre stories
of 1970s disco and 1980s house and techno, I submitted to its kaleidoscope
logic, took my foot off the historical metronome, and decid ed to take it—t he
book — t o the bridge.
The truncated time frame d idn’t exactly make it easier to write this book, in
part because the period d idn’t pres ent an obvious start or endpoint and in part
because its modus operandi was one of interaction, openness, and freedom
in which everyt hing seemed to be tied to everyt hing and nothing r eally had
a name. Negotiating disco’s recent collapse, rap’s b attle to become more than
a passing fad, and punk’s aesthetic exhaustion, New Yorkers w ere so unboth-
ered about defining the culture they were bringing into existence it was left
to the British to coin the names of mutant disco and electro, with postpunk
pop u lar ized later. That left the period appearing to lack an identity as well as
the kind of clean-c ut generic innovation that can provide an easy anchor for
chroniclers and readers alike, while its sandwiching between disco plus h ouse
and techno added to its antinarrative personality. When Chicago dj Frankie
Knuckles argued that house music amounted to “disco’s revenge,” he inadver-
tently contributed to the idea that the music and culture of the early 1980s
