Li-Mg – Nd-Zr

599 Pages·1997·73.823 MB·English

by  B. Predel (auth.), O. Madelung (eds.)

Li-Mg 1
Li-Mg (Lithium-Magnesium)
Phase diagram
Experimental work to clear up the phase equilibria has been done by Grube et al. [34Gru7] (thermal
analysis, resistrometry), Henry et al. [34Hen1] (thermal analysis), Hume-Rothery et al. [45Hum1]
(metallography), Freeth et al. [53Fre1] (thermal analysis, metallography), and Feitsma et al. [78Fei1]
(resistivity measurements). Using the results reported by the above mentioned authors, Nayeb-Hashemi et
al. [84Nay1] have constructed an assessed phase diagram, which is in rather good agreement with the
phase equilibria they have calculated on the basis of thermodynamic considerations. The experimentally
established phase diagram [84Nay1] has been taken to construct Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Li-Mg. Phase diagram.
Crystal structure
Crystallographic investigations have been done by Herbstein et al. [56Her1], Hardie et al. [59Har1], Busk
[50Bus1], Hofmann [36Hof1], Levinson [55Lev1], Firth et al. [74Fir1], and Grube et al. [34Gru7]. The
results are agreeing well with each other. Lattice parameters of (Li) solid solutions reported by Levinson
[55Lev1] are plotted in Fig. 2 and lattice constants for (Mg) solid solutions (Busk [50Bus1]) are given in
Fig. 3. For a thorough discussion see Nayeb-Hashemi et al. [84Nay1].
Landolt-B(cid:246)rnstein
New Series IV/5
Li-Mg 2
Fig. 2. Li-Mg. Lattice parameter for bcc (Li) solid solution [55Lev1].
Fig. 3. Li-Mg. Lattice parameters for hcp (Mg) solid solution at 298 K [50Bus1].
Thermodynamics
Saboungi et al. [75Sab1] have determined thermodynamic activities of Li in liquid alloys. The results
obtained for 887 K are plotted in Fig. 4.
Sommer [79Som1] reported experimentally determined enthalpies of mixing of liquid alloys, which
are plotted in Fig. 5. These data are in the middle of the concentration range somewhat lower than those
obtained by optimization of the phase equilibria and thermodynamic data available [90Sau1].
Landolt-B(cid:246)rnstein
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Li-Mg 3
Fig. 4. Li-Mg. Thermo-dynamic activity for liquid alloys at 887 K.
Fig. 5. Li-Mg. Enthalpy of mixing for liquid alloys.
References
34Gru7 Grube, G., Zeppelin, H.V., Bumm, H.: Z. Elektrochem. 40 (1934) 160
34Hen1 Henry, O.H., Cordiano, H.V.: Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 111 (1934) 319
36Hof1 Hofmann, W.: Z. Metallkd. 28 (1936) 160
45Hum1 Hume-Rothery, W., Raynor, G.V., Butcher, E.: J. Inst. Met. 71 (1945) 589
Landolt-B(cid:246)rnstein
New Series IV/5
Li-Mg 4
50Bus1 Busk, R.S.: Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 188 (1950) 1460
53Fre1 Fresth, W.E., Raynor, G.V.: J. Inst. Met. 82 (1953-54) 575
55Lev1 Levinson, D.W.: Acta Metall. 3 (1955) 294
56Her1 Herbstein, F.H., Averbach, B.L.: Acta Metall. 4 (1956) 407
59Har1 Hardie, D., Parkins, R.N.: Philos. Mag. 4 (1959) 815
74Fir1 Firth, L.D., Nowaira, N.H.A., Scott, W.: J. Phys. F 4 (1974) L 200
75Sab1 Saboungi, M.L., Blander, M.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 122 (1975) 1631
78Fei1 Feitsma, P.D., Lee, T., Van der Lugt, W.: Physica B + C (Amsterdam) 93 (1978) 52
79Som1 Sommer, F.: Z. Metallkd. 70 (1979) 359
84Nay1 Nayeb-Hashemi, A.A., Clark, J.B., Pelton, A.D.: Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 5 (1984) 365
90Sau1 Saunders, N.: CALPHAD 14 (1990) 61
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Li-Mn 1
Li-Mn (Lithium-Manganese)
Phase diagram
Solubilities of Mn in liquid Li and of Li in solid Mn have been determined by Obinata et al. [64Obi2].
The results have been used to construct the phase diagram, which has been redrawn by Massalski
[90Mas1] and which, also, has been used to get information for Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Li-Mn. Phase diagram.
References
64Obi2 Obinata, I., Takeuchi, Y., Kurihara, K., Watanabe, M.: Nippon Kinzoku Gakkaishi 28
(1964) 562
90Mas1 Massalski, T.B. (editor-in-chief): "Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams", Second Edition, Vol. 3,
T.B. Massalski (editor-in-chief), Materials Information Soc., Materials Park, Ohio (1990)
Landolt-B(cid:246)rnstein
New Series IV/5
Li-Mo 1
Li-Mo (Lithium-Molybdenum)
Phase diagram
Only little Mo is soluble in liquid Li (Bychkov et al. [59Byc1], Leavenworth et al. [61Lea1], Cleary et al.
[65Cle1]).
On the basis of estimated thermodynamic data, Brewer et al. [80Bre1] have calculated the phase
diagram, which has been redrawn by Massalski [90Mas1] and which, also, has been used as a source of
information to draw Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Li-Mo. Phase diagram.
References
59Byc1 Bychkov, Y.F., Rozanov, A.N., Yakovleva, V.B.: At. Energ. 7 (1959) 531
61Lea1 Leavenworth, H.W., Cleary, R.E.: Acta Metall. 9 (1961) 519
65Cle1 Cleary, R.E., Bleckerman, S.S., Corliss, J.E.: USAEC Rep. No. TIM-850 (1965)
80Bre1 Brewer, L., Lamoreaux, R.H., in: "Molybdenum: Physico-Chemical Properties of its
Compounds, and Alloys", L. Brewer (ed.), Atomic Energy Review Special Issue No. 7,
IAEA, Vienna (1980)
90Mas1 Massalski, T.B. (editor-in-chief): "Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams", Second Edition, Vol. 3,
T.B. Massalski (editor-in-chief), Materials Information Soc., Materials Park, Ohio (1990)
Landolt-B(cid:246)rnstein
New Series IV/5
Li-N 1
Li-N (Lithium-Nitrogen)
Phase diagram
The phase diagram has been investigated in the concentration region < 25 at% N (Bolshakov et al.
[59Bol1], Hoffman [60Hof1], Arnoldev et al. [67Arn1], Adams et al. [75Ada1], Yonco et al. [75Yon1]).
Results of these mentioned works have been used by Sangster et al. [92San1] to construct an assessed
partial phase diagram. From there information has been taken to draw Fig. 1.
By chemical reactions LiN can be prepared. It decomposes between 115 K and 298 K (Mellor
3
[28Mel1]).
Fig. 1. Li-N. Partial phase diagram (Li-rich part).
Crystal structure
Crystallographic data of nitrides are given in Table 1.
Landolt-B(cid:246)rnstein
New Series IV/5
Li-N 2
Table 1. Li-N. Crystal structure and lattice parameters of intermediate phases.
Phase Structure Type a [nm] b [nm] c [nm] Ref.
Li N hex Li N 0.3649 0.3877 78Sch1
3 3
LiN mon AuSe 0.5627 0.3319 0.4979 68Pri1
3
β = 107.4(cid:176)
Thermodynamics
As a value of the standard enthalpy of formation of Li N, taken as a mean from experimental results
3
published in the literature, Sangster et al. [92San1] reported ∆HS = (cid:150) 167.3 – 3.9 kJ mol(cid:150)1 (at 298 K).
References
28Mel1 Mellor, J.W.: "A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry", Vol. 8,
London: Longman, Green and Co. (1928) 345
59Bol1 Bolshakov, K.A., Fedorov, P.I., Stepina, L.A.: Izv. VUZ Tsvetn. Metall. 2 (1959) 52
60Hof1 Hoffman, E.E.: USAEC Rep. ORNL -2894 (1960)
67Arn1 Arnoldev, M.N., Ivanovskii, M.N., Shmatko, B.A.: Teplofiz. Vys. Temp. 5 (1967) 380
68Pri1 Pringle, G.E., Noakes, D.E.: Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B 24 (1968) 262
75Ada1 Adams, P.F., Down, M.G., Hubberstey, P., Pulham, R.J.: J. Less-Common Met. 42 (1975)
325
75Yon1 Yonco, R.M., Veleckis, E., Maroni, V.A.: J. Nucl. Mater. 57 (1975) 317
78Sch1 Schulz, H., Schwarz, K.: Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A 34 (1978) 999
92San1 Sangster, J., Pelton, A.D.: J. Phase Equilibria 13 (1992) 291
Landolt-B(cid:246)rnstein
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Li-Na 1
Li-Na (Lithium-Sodium)
Phase diagram
The phase equilibria have been determined several times: Masing et al. [10Mas1], B(cid:246)hm et al. [39B(cid:246)h1],
Salmon et al. [56Sal1] (thermal analysis), Howland et al. [57How1], Naumov [65Nau1] (diffusion
experiments), Sch(cid:252)rmann et al. [71Sch1], Feistma et al. [75Fei1], Down et al. [75Dow2, 75Dow1], Endo
et al. [79End1] (electrical resistivity measurements), Kanda et al. [68Kan1] (density measurements), Wu
et al. [75Wu1] (neutron scattering method), Christian [67Chr1], Tamoki [72Tam1], Ruppersberg et al.
[73Rup1], Stroud [73Str2], Tanigawa et al. [73Tan1] (theoretical studies). From the results obtained by
these authors, preferring the data reported by Feistma et al. [75Fei1], for liquid-liquid equilibria, Bale
[89Bal4] has constructed a phase diagram, which has been the basis for Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Li-Na. Phase diagram.
References
10Mas1 Masing, G., Tammann, G.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 67 (1910) 187
39B(cid:246)h1 B(cid:246)hm, B., Klemm, W.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 243 (1939) 69
56Sal1 Salmon, O.N., Ahmann, D.H.: J. Phys. Chem. 60 (1956) 13
57How1 Howland, W.H., Epstein, L.F.: Adv. Chem. Ser. 19 (1957) 34
65Nau1 Naumov, A.N.: Fiz. Tverd. Tela 6 (1965) 2517
Landolt-B(cid:246)rnstein
New Series IV/5
Li-Na 2
67Chr1 Christian, J.R.: Phys. Rev. 159 (1967) 108
68Kan1 Kanda, F.A., Faxon, R.C., Keller, D.V.: Phys. Chem. Liq. 1 (1968) 61
71Sch1 Sch(cid:252)rmann, H.K., Parks, R.D.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 27 (1971) 1790
72Tam1 Tamoki, S.: Phys. Lett. A 40 (1972) 17
73Rup1 Ruppersberg, H., Kroll, W.: Z. Naturforsch. A 32 (1973) 1374
73Str2 Stroud, D.: Phys. Rev. B 7 (1973) 4405
73Tan1 Tanigawa, S., Doyama, M.: Phys. Status Solidi (b) 60 (1973) K35
75Dow1 Down, M.G., Hubberstey, P., Pulman, R.J.: J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 14 (1975) 1490
75Dow2 Down, M.G., Hubberstey, P., Pulman, R.J.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 71 (1975) 1387
75Fei1 Feistma, P.D., Hallers, J.J., Werff, F.V.D., Van der Lugt, V.: Physica B (Amsterdam) 79
(1975) 35
75Wu1 Wu, E.S., Brumberger, H.: Phys. Lett. A 53 (1975) 475
79End1 Endo, H., Hoshino, H., Tamura, K., Mushiage, M.: Solid State Commun. 32 (1979) 1243
89Bal4 Bale, C.W.: Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 10 (1989) 265
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New Series IV/5