Levels of Analysis in Psychopathology: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives

584 Pages·2020·6.276 MB·English

by  Kenneth S. Kendler (editor), Josef Parnas (editor), Peter Zachar (editor)

levels of analysis in psychopathology
LevelsofAnalysisinPsychopathologydrawsresearchfrompsychiatry,philoso-
phy, and psychology to explore the variety of explanatory approaches for
understanding the nature of psychiatric disorders both in practice and
research. The fields of psychiatry and clinical psychology incorporate many
usefulexplanatoryapproachesandthisbookintegratesthisrangeofperspec-
tives and makes suggestions about how to advance etiologic theories, classifi-
cation,andtreatment.Theeditorshavebroughttogetherleadingthinkerswho
have been widely published and are well respected in their area of expertise,
including several developers of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
MentalDisordersandauthorsoftheU.S.NationalInstituteofMentalHealth’s
ResearchDomainCriteriaProject(RDoC).Eachmainchapterhasacommen-
taryprovidedbyoneoftheotherauthorsandanintroductionwrittenbyone
of the editors to create an accessible, interdisciplinary dialog.
Kenneth S. Kendler is a professor and eminent scholar at the Virginia
Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and at the Virginia Com-
monwealthUniversity,USA.HeisalsoamemberoftheNationalAcademyof
Medicine, whereheis the recipientof many honors and awards.
JosefParnasisaclinicalprofessorattheDepartmentofClinicalMedicineand
co-founder of the interdisciplinary theoretical institute: The Center for Sub-
jectivityResearchat the Universityof Copenhagen, Denmark.
PeterZacharisaprofessorintheDepartmentofPsychologyandtheassociate
dean of theCollegeof Sciencesat AuburnUniversity Montgomery, USA.
Advance Praise for Levelsof Analysisin Psychopathology
“The editors continue to deepen the analysis of the conceptualbasisof
psychopathological science through their astutely framed, thematic
book. They have assembled a diverse and expert group of contributors
in considering the range of sciences relevant to psychopathology. This
volume offers an outstanding pedagogy, including introductory over-
views,and insightfullychosen commentariesthroughout.”
John Z.Sadler, DanielW. Foster Professorof
Medical Ethics and Distinguished Teaching Professor,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
“Thisexcellentbookcombinessubstantiveexpertisewithphilosophical
and methodological insights to provide high-level perspectives on
essential topics in psychiatry. The editors focus on a topic of central
importance: the complicated relation between the biological, psycho-
logical, and social levels of analysis that are required for a full under-
standing of mental disorders.”
Denny Borsboom, Professor ofPsychology,
University of Amsterdam, theNetherlands
“The editors have assembled a wide range of chapters from multiple
disciplines, encompassing Anglo-American and European Continental
philosophies, to integrate research and clinical perspectives. No matter
how well versed a reader may be on the topic, with the breadth of
expertise represented in thevolume,theywill learn something new.”
Derek Bolton,HonoraryConsultant Clinical Psychologist,
South London andMaudsleyNHS Foundation
Trust’s Child and AdolescentAnxiety Service, and
Professorof Philosophy andPsychopathologyat the
Instituteof Psychiatry,King’s College London, UK
“This is a state-of-the-art conversation between leading psychiatrists
and philosophers about the challenges and possibilities of explaining
psychiatric disordersacross multiplelevels.”
Carl F.Craver, Professor of Philosophy and
Philosophy-Neuroscience-Psychology,
Universityof Washington in StLouis, USA
Levels of Analysis in Psychopathology
cross-disciplinary perspectives
Edited by
Kenneth S. Kendler
Virginia Commonwealth University
Josef Parnas
University of Copenhagen
Peter Zachar
Auburn University Montgomery
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Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108485197
doi:10.1017/9781108750349
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names:Kendler,KennethS.,1950–editor.|Parnas,Josef,editor.|Zachar,Peter,editor.
title:Levelsofanalysisinpsychopathology:cross-disciplinaryperspectives/editedby
KennethS.Kendler,JosefParnas,PeterZachar.
description:Cambridge;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2020.|Includes
bibliographicalreferencesandindex.
identifiers:lccn2019043050(print)|lccn2019043051(ebook)|isbn9781108485197
(hardback)|isbn9781108719254(paperback)|isbn9781108750349(epub)
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Contents
List of Figures .................................................... page xi
List of Tables ......................................................... xiii
List of Contributors ................................................... xv
Preface .............................................................. xvii
General Introduction .............................................. 1
Peter Zachar and Kenneth S.Kendler
part i neuroscience, mechanisms, and rdoc ................... 17
section 1 ............................................................ 19
1 Introduction ...................................................... 21
Peter Zachar
2 Rethinking Psychiatric Disorders in Terms of Heterarchical
Networks of Control Mechanisms ............................... 24
William Bechtel
3 A Typology of Levels of Mechanisms Involved in the Etiology
of Psychiatric Illness ............................................. 47
Kenneth S.Kendler
section 2 ............................................................ 55
4 Introduction ..................................................... 57
Kenneth S.Kendler
5 Wrangling the Matrix: Lessons from the RDoC Working
Memory Domain ................................................ 59
Robert M. Bilder
6 Brain and Mind in Psychiatry? Presuppositions of Cognitive
Ontology ........................................................ 78
Georg Northoff
v
vi Contents
section 3 ............................................................ 87
7 Introduction ..................................................... 89
KennethS. Kendler
8 Tackling Hard Problems: Neuroscience, Treatment,
and Anxiety ..................................................... 91
DanielS. Pine
9 Commentary on Daniel S. Pine .................................. 114
KennethF. Schaffner
part ii phenomenology, biological psychology, and the
mind–body problem .............................................. 125
section 4 .......................................................... 127
10 Introduction .................................................... 129
Josef Parnas
11 Body Self-Awareness: Multiple Levels or Dynamical Gestalt? .... 131
ShaunGallagher
12 Commentary on Gallagher “Body Self-Awareness: Multiple
Levels or Dynamical Gestalt?” .................................. 160
Jan-Willem Romeijn
section 5 ........................................................... 169
13 Introduction ..................................................... 171
Josef Parnas
14 Can Psychiatry Dispense with the Appeal to Mental Causation? 173
JohnCampbell
15 Folk Psychology and Jaspers’ Empathic Understanding:
A Conceptual Exercise? ......................................... 194
Peter Zachar
section 6 .......................................................... 201
16 Introduction .................................................... 203
Peter Zachar
17 Phenomenology of a Disordered Self in Schizophrenia:
Example of an Integrative Level for Psychiatric Research ....... 207
Josef Parnas and Maja Zandersen
Contents vii
18 Who Is the Psychiatric Subject? ................................ 228
Shaun Gallagher
section 7 ........................................................... 233
19 Introduction .................................................... 235
Kenneth S.Kendler
20 Challenges in the Relationships between Psychological and
Biological Phenomena in Psychopathology ..................... 238
Gregory A.Miller andMorganE.Bartholomew
21 Non-reductionism, Eliminativism, and Modularity in RDoC:
Thoughts about a Progressive Mechanistic Science ............. 267
Peter Zachar
part iii taxonomy, integration, and multiple levels of
explanation ....................................................... 275
section 8 .......................................................... 277
22 Introduction .................................................... 279
Josef Parnas
23 Descriptive Psychopathology: A Manifest Level of Analysis,
or Not? ......................................................... 280
Peter Zachar
24 Psychiatry without Description ................................. 297
Josef Parnas
section 9 .......................................................... 303
25 Introduction .................................................... 305
Peter Zachar
26 Should Psychiatry Be Precise? Reduction, Big Data, and
Nosological Revision in Mental Health Research ................ 308
Kathryn Tabb
27 Commentary on “Should Psychiatry Be Precise? Reduction, Big
Data, and Nosological Revision in Mental Health Research” ..... 335
Robert M. Bilder
section 10 ......................................................... 343
28 Introduction .................................................... 345
Peter Zachar
viii Contents
29 Psychiatric Classification: An A-reductionist Perspective ........ 349
Jan-Willem RomeijnandHanna M. vanLoo
30 Double Black Diamond .......................................... 371
Eric Turkheimer
section 11 .......................................................... 377
31 Introduction .................................................... 379
Peter Zachar
32 Approaches to Multilevel Models of Fear: The What, Where,
Why, How, and How Much? ................................... 384
KennethF. Schaffner
33 Schaffner on Levels and Selves ................................. 410
WilliamBechtel
section 12 .......................................................... 419
34 Introduction .................................................... 421
KennethS. Kendler
35 Levels: What Are They and What Are They Good For? ........ 424
JamesWoodward
36 Levels of Analysis in Alzheimer’s Disease Research ............. 450
Stephan Heckers
section 13 .......................................................... 457
37 Introduction .................................................... 459
Peter Zachar
38 The Impact of Faculty Psychology and Theories of
Psychological Causation on the Origins of Modern Psychiatric
Nosology ....................................................... 462
KennethS. Kendler
39 Commentary on “The Impact of Faculty Psychology and
Theories of Psychological Causation on the Origins of
Modern Psychiatric Nosology” ................................. 479
Gregory A. Miller
section 14 .......................................................... 491
40 Introduction .................................................... 493
KennethS. Kendler