Leon Trotsky, The Third International After Lenin

414 Pages·2015·7.95 MB·English

The Third
International
after Lenin
Leon Trotsky
Trotsky's 1928 defense of the proletarian course
of the Communist International in its first five years

TheT hirIdn ternatAifotneaLrle nin
COPYRIGHT© 1957BY P IONEER PUBLISHERS
116U NIVERSITY PLACEN EW YORK,N . Y.
L.CC.A TALOGC ARDN O.5 7-9954
FirsEtd itioMna,y ,1 936
SecondE ditioMna,y ,1 957
MANUFACTURED IN THE U. S. A.
LEON TROTSI(YT:H E
ThirIdn ternational
AfteLre nin
TRANSLATEDB Y JOHN G.W RIGHT
PionePeurb lishers
NEW YORK
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
THE DRAFT PROGRAM OF THE COMMUNIST
INTERNATIONAL---A CriticoisfFm u ndamental1s
1.T HE PROGRAMO F INTE�RMTIONALR EVOLUTION
OR A PROGRAMO F SOCIALIISNMO NE COUNTRY? 3
2.S TRATEGYA ND TACTICSI N THE IMPERIALIST
EpOCH 75
3.S UMMARY AND PERSPECTIVOEFS THE CHINESE
REVOLUTION 167
WHAT NOW? 231
EXPLANATORY NOTES 309
APPENDICES 351
INTRODUCTION
Thep ublictaotdioaofyan n eewd itoifTo hneT hir[d'fir
ternatAifotneLarel n iinsn ootn layp ractaiccta-hlia ts
beeonu otf p rifnotyr e ars-ab suytm boolnieacs w ell.
WheLne oTnr otwsrkoytt hewi osr iknt hseu mmoef1r 9 28
heh aadl rebaedeeyni gmhotn tehxsp eflrloetmdh C eo mmu­
niPsatr otfyt hSeo vUineitoa nnw da asn i nvoluenxtialrey
inK azakhisnCt eannt Arsaila .
Theb ureaucwrhaichcyah,d f ounad c hampfiooirnt s
materpirailv iilneS gteaslh iandt, h ubse eanb lteoc arry
itpso litical coutnott hepero -ironeftev xoillutithniego n
co-lewaidtLeher n oifnt hOec toRbeevro lubtuiitot hn a,d
nodta raesdy ettos ilehniccmoe m pleItned liyst.Aa lnmta
AtaT rotspkeywn'a sbs u sy.
Hew asw ritaif nugn damcernittailoc fti hspemr ogram
drafbtyeS dt alainndB uchafroitrnh feo rthcSoimxitnhg
WorlCdo ngroefts hsCe o mmunIinstte rnatTihoonuaglh.
expeblylS etda lmianc'hsfi rnoetm h Ceo mmunPiasrtto yf
thSeo viUenti o(nC PSUT)r,o tslkeyg asltlihyla ldt he
rigohfta ppetaotl h Weo rlCdo ngrfeostrsh ,pe r eceding
Congrien1s 9s2 4h adu nanimoruesellyeh citmte odt he
ExecutCiovmem itotfet eh eC ommunIinstte rnational.
Alownig thhia sp pefaolrr e instaitnte hmCeeP nStUw ent
hicsr itoiftq hudeer apfrto grsaomof,no llboywt ehldee tter,
"WhaNto w?"-ttwhwoeo rwkhsi ccohn sttihtbiuosto ek .
ThCer itiocfti hsDemr aPfrto grparme seand teevda stat­
inagn aloyfts hiSest aldiengiesnte orfat thSeio ovnUi neito n
antdh ien ternactoimomnuanmlio svte mdeunrtit nhgpe r e­
cedifinvgye e arAst.t hitsi mteh beu reaucrreaatcitci on
agaitnhsOetc tober RaenvdSo olcuitaiilnoitnse tr n­ational
isfmo uintdts e rseexsptr eisnst ihnoeen w cloyi nseldo gan
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INTRODUCTION
of" builsdoicniga ilnoi nscemo untrAys.T "r otsdkeym on­
strataendda, ss ubseqhuiesnttho arsby o rnoeu tt,h iwsa s
thied eolocgoivcfeaorlar b andonomfer netv olutiino­nary
ternatioinnfa alviosormfn arrnoawt iona(lwihsiimcn h
timbee caGmree aRtu ssicahna uvinainsdtm h)me a nipula­
tioonft hCeo mmunpiasrtt oifeo st hceoru ntarsif eosr eign
polipcayw nwsh icnhe cessciotnavteerdtt hiefnmrg o rme vo­
lutiomnoavreym einnttasoc quietsocoelnTsth. e f ormula·
of" sociailnoi nscemo untfruyr"t chleora tkheueds urpation
oft hSeo visetta atnedt hCeP SUf rotmh Seo viweotr king
clabsyts h see lf-sabtuirsefiaeudct rhaleca yt,ti enrc'rse asing
dependoennt cheeem ergcianpgi tealleimsetnn ottsa,tb hley
kulaaknsd,r efutsoac lo mmenpclea nniendd ustrialization
oft hUeS SR.
Thibso otkh ewna sy eatn otehffeorr atn,dT rotslkays'ts
frowmi thtihnUe S SRt,o a rretshtme a ligngarnotw otfh
StalinBiustam l.r ebayd1 y9 2t8h beu reauchraadcc oyn ­
solidiattcsea dsp toes itoinao b na soefs ociaanlde conomic
privilTehgeep sr.e teonfps oel itdiicsaclu sisnwi hoinci ht
hadb eefno rcteoed n gaegaer lwiaesnr o l ongneerc essary.
Itn owc ouladn,dd idp,r ocbeyee dx pulsiimopnrsi,s onments
andr epressions.
Thusa,sJ amePs.C annroenl aitnhe isis n trodutcot ion
th1e9 2e9d itoifto hniw so rk a(pspeeen dainxda) tg reater
lengitnTh h eH istoorfAy m eriTcraont sk(ypips4.m8- 51),
Trotsdkoyc'usm ent receivaettd h Sesi hxoWtrohtr lsdh rift
CongreTshsr.o usgohm sel iuppi nt htee chnmiaccahli nery
thdeo cumreenatc thhecdeo mmitotnpe reo graCma.n non,
a delegoaftt heAe m eriCcPa,nw asb yc hanacses igtnoe d
thicso mmitTtheeer.h eec amaec rossesc tiooftn hsde o cu­
menatn dw asc onvibnycT erdo tskayr'gsu mewnhtisch ha d
beecno ncefarloetmdh feo reCiPgsn.T hougthha ep para­
tuosr detrherede coafla llc lo pioefts h cer itdioccaulm ent,
Cannmoann agteosd·m uggolneoe u utp ohni rse tutrotn h e
UnitSetda tes.
Thed eviocfte h Set alisntiasmgtae n agoefrt sh eC on­
grefsosdr i spoosfiT nrgo tskcyr'ist iwqauste or efiettr o
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INTRODUCTION
a "seleccotm"m itwtheiecs hu mmarcilloyst ehdem atter
withdoeubta Ttreo:t skcyr'ist iwcaisns emi tdhiesrt ributed
tQt hdee legnaotrde iss cuastst ehdCe o ngreTshsu.ts h e
purpoosfte h deo cumenptr-otvoti hdbeea sfiosar d iscus­
sioonnS taliinnti hsem Comintern-was frustrated. Shortly
thereaTfrtoetrsw kaysf orcidbelpyo rftreodtm h e territory
oft hUeS SRa,m ovpeo litiecxapleldfyio eSrnt ta laittn h e
timweh iclha tperro vteodb ea nh istoerrircwo hri chhi s
assaswsoiunlbsde a blteor ectoinfleyyl evyeena lrast ienr
Mexico.
Thes uppresosfti hoRenu ssiLaenfO tp posiwthioosne,
lasctr yw ass tiflaettd h Sei xWtohr lCdo ngrweasssf ,o l­
lowebdyt hev iolcelnatm poifnt gh eb ureaucertahteirc
conoev etrh fea coeft hweh olSeo vipeeto plFeo.rt hree
decadaelslg e nuipnoel itdiicsaclu sasnidoi nd eological
thougwhatss uppreisnas n eidg htmoaftr eer roOrn.ln yo w
arteh Seo vipeeto pbleeg intnoiw nrge nictoh ff a ndd isperse
thneo xifouumseo sfS talinTiosdma.ty h eirsee v eprryo m­
isteh atthd ei scusfsowirho inTc,rh o tsiknyt entdheiwdso rk,
is-afat etrh irty-iynetaerr val-taobb eoguitin nt he
USSR.
Theh istofroiucn datfioorSn tsa lintirsimu'msop vhe r
Bolshewveirisesm o lRautsesdi a's amnacdt uelrtiuarla l back­
wardnaensdts h fea iloufsr oec ialist irnet vhaoedl ­utions
vanced cacpoiutnatlrCiiosentsv .e rtsheheli ys,t coaruisce s
oft hceu rreemnetr geonfpc oel itoipcpaols iitnti hoUenS SR
arteh neu meraincdca ull tugrraolwo tfth h Seo viweotr king
claasnsdt hpeo st-bwraera koiftn hgUe S SR'iss olabtyi on
thmei litary-buerxetaeuncosrfita ohtnSei o cv iseyts tienm
EasteErunr oapnedr evoluitni oYnusg oasnldCa hviinaa .
Thesdee velophmaevpneet rsm itthtleeo dn g-stuanndii­ng,
vershaalt roeftd h Seo vimeats sfeso.tr h ebiurr eaucorpa­tic
presstoogr isv bei rttohs troonvge,r t cuorfpr oelnittsi cal
opposistiintochnede e aotfhS taliIntw. a st oa ppeaasned
forestthgaerl olw otfsh u cchu rreinnttasog remaats mso ve­
mentth aStt alhieni'trsrs i teodd i sassociatef rotmh emselves
thepirro genaittt ho2er0 tCho ngroefts hsCe P SU.
Vll
INTRODUCTION
Thec oncesosfit ohneKs r emloilni garhcohwye,vi enr­,
steoafdl essetnhifene gr maemnotn tgh weo rkearnsdi ntel­
lectoufat lhUseS SRa ndE asEtu ropaec,ta esda s timulant
tof urtshterru ggTlheet. o neiffce ocftt hceo ncesasnido ns
three ciprionctaelr aocftt ihorene sulsttirnugg ignlt ehse
differceonutn torfit ehsSe o vioertb hiatsb ecotmheoe u t­
standhiinsgto oftr hype a syte ar.
Frotmh UeS SRa ndE asEtu rotpheoe p positaicotniavli ­
tioefst hien tellaencdst tuuadlesan rttesh tie r sttor eaocuhr
earsT.h iissn oto nlbye catuhseeay r hea rbinogfte hres
movemeinntt hsde e ptohfst hweo rkicnlga sbsu,tb ecause
theayr meo raer ticualnadh taeve ea siaecrc etsoms e anosf
publicIinft ayc.tt h edyr atwh eiinrs piraantdci oounr age
frotmh meo oodf t hweo rkearnsdt hken owletdhgateth ey
havteh seu ppoorftt h weo rkeTrhse.s tuddeenmto nstra­
tioinnMs o scohawv bee epna ralblyeu lnepdr ecedreanntke­d
and-otiulteb uartst trsa udnei aonnd o thmeere tianngdis n
seveirnaslt abnycs etsr ikDeusr.i Pnogl anOdc'tso bdeer­
tianocfet hKer emltihnWe,a rsaswt udeanntdis n tellectuals
coulsdp eawki tcho ntidbeonltd nbeescsa ubseeh itnhde m
stotohdae r mewdo rkeorfts h Zee raann dW FM factories.
InH ungatrhyRe u ssiaarnm bye atth ree voludtoiwtonon
itsso lciodr e--wtohrek ecrosu'n cwihlisfc,oh ar m ontahf ter
militdaerfyec aotn tian gueende srtarli kIen.d eiendE ,a st
Germainny1 95a3n di nP ozniann1 95t6h per oletarian
explosciaomnuesn herablyda endym ovemeonfst t udents
andi ntelleTchteun aulmse.rc oaussoe fsd efecotfiR ouns ­
siatnr ootpots h Heu ngarRieavno luatnidto hnre e fuosfa l
Russiraani lwatyoms ecnai bnH ungairnyd ichaotwwe i de­
spreiandS oviseotc iiestr ye aditnoed sesf tyh "er uling
bureaucracy.
Byw oradn dd eemdi litealnetm einntt hsSe o vibeltoa cr e
todaays sertthienrigir g thotf redei scussTihoehyna .v e
puatl slu bjeocntt hsae g enda-tbhuaetx iasb ouwth iaclhl
revolivsSe tsa linwihsaimtt:i sh,o wi td eveloapnedhd o,w
itc abne c ompleetrealdyi caFtoerad s .e ridoiussc usosfi on
thissu bjTercott swkoyr'ksas n,de spectihapelr leys oennet,
Vlll