Legalism - an essay on law, morals and politics

261 Pages·1964·17.852 MB·English

by  Judith N. Shklar

LEGALISM

Legalism
by JUDN.IS THHK.L AR
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
© Copyrigh1t9 6b4y the
Presideanntd F ellowosf Harvar d College
All rightsr eserved
Distributine dG reatB ritain byO xfordU niversiPtyr essl.,.ol ldon
Publication ofthis bookh asb een aidde
bya grant from the FordF oundation
Libraryo fC ongreCsastal ogCar d Number:6 4-19584
Printedin the UnitSetadt eosf Am erica
ToG .S .

PREFACE
This isa booakb oulte gtalh eobryys omeownheo i sn ota
lawyeTrh.a mte ansth ati ti sn ecessanar ioluyt sidvieerw'o sf
thseu bjescitnm,co es lte gthaelo riysth ew orokf l awyeIrtis s.,
moreovneors ,e cretth afto mran y yeartsh ehraes b eean c on­
siderianbtleel legucltfsu eapla rajtinugr isprufrdoemnm coes t
othekinrd s ofs ocitalh eorMyan.y historianands political
scientwihsoht asv,ae r eailn terine lsatw in, thel egparlo fes­
sioann,d in legtahle ofirnyd,th e lawyearp'psr oatcoth h ese
subjeircrtesl evtanota ndr emotfreo m their concerTnhsi.s
bootrki etsos howwh yo nehi storoifai nd ehaascs o mteo s hare
this viewI.ta si mi st og ets omes orotfc onver.,ctns gaotiing
agaibne tweelne gaanld polittihceaolr biysi tllsu minating
thopsoein twsh ertheeir respecantgilveoesf v isidoinff emro st
conspicuIotiu sns olatyt .e xtboIonkd.e eidtd, o enso pt resume
toinf orm orin strucsti,n ictie sa ddrestsore eda dewrhsoa re
alreafduylf lamiliya r withth e currenstt aotfel egtalh ought.
Itd oenso tp roviqduiec kr esumoefst hem ain typeosfc on­
temporlaergyta hle onroyr o ft hec hietfr eatoinsi enst erna­
tionalla wf,o irt d oenso tp urporttob ean exercini tsheae rt
ofi mpersornealvliy ewtinhgie d eoafso theWrhsa.t t hibso ok
doetsr tyo d oi st oo peand ebawitteh s evetryaple osfl egal
thinkersb,o tshc holaranldy j udicIitta rli.te osb ef air,e ven
thougihtp reseonnltyso nes idoefth ed ebaatned s oc oncen-
Vlll 'Preface
tratoensth e weak pooinftth se theoricersi ticIiztea dl.so
attemtpoto sff esru ggestfiooarnl st ernwaatiyvosef t hinking
aboulta w-speciafibcoaulthtle y r elatoifol naswt om orality
and top olitfioctrsh ,e arseet het wos ubjetcobt esd iscussed.
Thisi st,h ean p,o lemicaanldo pinionatbeodo kI.tis ,h ow­
evenro,mt e anttob ed estructiIvnane y. c asteh,me e riotfths e
variothueso riteosb ed iscusarsee tdo ogr eatf ort haItt.i s,
indeed, becavuiseewa snt dhth eosseew hoh oltdh emar e
importaanntd in terestthinagtt h earye wortchr iticaitz ing
suclhe ngtThh.eo bjehcetr ies t os tiru pc ontrovbeyra s y
clecaorn frontoafit nicoonm paptioblsei tionnostj, u sttou pset
the gentaeceald emaipcp lecTahirsti .sa lsnoo ta c omprehen­
sivweo rkM.a nyo fth e topithcastg reaitnltye rwersitt oenr s
generjalur isprudaernneco ete vemne ntionaesad n,y oncean
seaet a g lancTeh.a itsn ott hree suolfnt e gligeTnhcese �.o pe
ofth e essahya sb eedne liberaltiemliytt eotd h osseu bjects
whichin terebsotthl egaanldp olititchaelo rwihsitcsih,n, d eed,
are ofe quaclo ncetronb othE.v enh erneo te verything has
beent akeunp .T hed evelopmoefcn otn stitultaiwoi nna l
Americoafa, d ministrlaatwbi ovtehh e raen di nB ritaainnd,
thet ensiboentsw eleanwan d arbitraint icoonm mercanidal
laborre latarieoal nlsm atteorfcs o mmoni nterteols atw yers
andt op olitisccaile ntists. tHhoewcyean vnoetbr ,ed iscussed
apafrrotm t hpeo lithiisctaolor fyth e countriinew shi chth ey
occuSrin.c ethi s isa t heoreatniaclaylis tmi uss ets cheiwd eas
imm anenint i nstitutpirooncaelws hsiecsrh e quiart heo rough
attentitoothn e irh istoIrdye.aa sb oulta wi ng eneraasel x ­
pressine sdy stemwaotrikcos n l egthaelo rayn do ni nterna­
tionalla wa,s w elals th e ideatsh acto met ot hes urfainc e
polittriicalasel,s peciianal nlin yt ernatitornilaaillk th ea ta t
Nurembecragn,b eu nderstaonoddd i scuswsietdh oeuxtc es­
sivree ferteonl coech ails toOrnit ehse.os cec astihotenh se oreti­
cal issuarees,i na nyc asree,a ddiislcye rnbeedc,a uaslthelo se
concerwniethdth em arfuel layw aroefth eire xistence, even
'Preface 1X
if noin. tq uithtees amwea ya so new hoh asno tb eetrnain ed
inth e lwa
.
Afterth esrea thb_elj,g.�eelr otr ema.irtiks a s relale auspre
tot hanka lthlo sweh oh avhee lpmeedw itthihs bookI.am
gratetfuothl e JohnS imon Gugegnheim MemorialF ounda
­
ti in p tu
on fora ward g me a felwlshio tos dy moderlne gal
theoriny theye ar1 ¢0I.h opet hamty friewnhdose ncour­
r z
agemde t ow rithties b ooankd who ead, ritciiced,an d cor­
s
rectietwd i lln otfi ndi te mbararsing tos emey thankst o
themin prinStt.ae nyl Hoffmann,I saaKkr amnickR,o bert
McCloskMeayr,t iSnh apianrdo ,P auSli gmunadll h avseo
greaac tl aiumpo n my gratitutdhea Itc annoti ngorei th ere,
norf orbetaroe xpremsys a ffectfiooarnl olf t hemI.s hould
in
alslikoe toth ank Mr. PauSlh upaakf ohre lp g mew itthh e
proofs.
JudiNt.hS hklar
u
CambridgMea,ss achsttse
January 1964