Learning Swift. Building Apps for OS X and iOS

534 Pages·2016·25.97 MB·English

by  Jonathan Manning

Learning
S wift
BUILDING APPS FOR OS X AND IOS
Jonathon Manning,
Paris Buttfield-Addison & Tim Nugent

Learning Swift
Jon Manning, Paris Buttfield-Addison, and Tim Nugent
BBeeiijjiinngg BBoossttoonn FFaarrnnhhaamm SSeebbaassttooppooll TTookkyyoo
Learning Swift
by Jon Manning, Paris Buttfield-Addison, and Tim Nugent
Copyright © 2016 Secret Lab. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are
also available for most titles (http://safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/
institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or [e-mail].
Editors: Brian MacDonald and Rachel Roumeliotis Indexer: Ellen Troutman-Zaig
Production Editor: Melanie Yarbrough Interior Designer: David Futato
Copyeditor: Rachel Monaghan Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery
Proofreader: Amanda Kersey Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest
May 2016: First Edition
Revision History for the First Edition
2016-04-29: First Release
See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781491940747 for release details.
The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Learning Swift, the cover image, and
related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
While the publisher and the authors have used good faith efforts to ensure that the information and
instructions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and the authors disclaim all responsibility
for errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use of
or reliance on this work. Use of the information and instructions contained in this work is at your own
risk. If any code samples or other technology this work contains or describes is subject to open source
licenses or the intellectual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use
thereof complies with such licenses and/or rights.
978-1-491-94074-7
[LSI]
Table of Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Part I. Swift Basics
1. Getting Started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Apple Developer Program 5
Registering for the Apple Developer Program 6
Downloading Xcode 7
Creating Your First Project with Xcode 8
The Xcode Interface 12
Developing a Simple Swift Application 20
Designing the Interface 21
Connecting the Code 22
Using the iOS Simulator 24
Conclusion 26
2. The Basics of Swift. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
The Swift Programming Language 28
Swift 1 Versus Swift 2 30
Playgrounds 30
Comments 32
Control Flow 33
Loops 33
Switches 34
Variables and Constants 37
Operators 38
Types 39
iii
Working with Strings 39
Comparing Strings 40
Searching Strings 41
Optional Types 41
Type Casting 43
Tuples 44
Arrays 45
Dictionaries 47
Enumerations 47
Sets 49
Functions and Closures 50
Using Functions as Variables 53
Closures 55
The defer Keyword 57
The guard Keyword 57
Conclusion 58
3. Swift for Object-Oriented App Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Classes and Objects 59
Initialization and Deinitialization 61
Properties 62
Inheritance 62
Protocols 66
Extensions 67
Access Control 68
Operator Overloading 70
Generics 71
Subscripts 72
Structures 73
Modules 74
The Swift Standard Library, Foundation, Cocoa, and Cocoa Touch 74
Data 75
Loading Data from Files and URLs 75
Serialization and Deserialization 76
Error Handling 77
Memory Management 80
Design Patterns in Cocoa and Cocoa Touch 81
Model-View-Controller 81
Delegation 83
Structuring an App 85
The Application Delegate 85
Window Controllers and View Controllers 85
iv | Table of Contents
Nibs and Storyboards 86
Conclusion 86
Part II. An OS X App
4. Setting Up the OS X Notes App. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Designing the OS X Notes App 90
Creating the OS X Project 93
Defining a Document Type 98
Adding the Icon 102
Conclusion 104
5. Working with Documents on OS X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
The NSDocument Class 105
Storing Data in the Document 106
Storing Text 107
Package File Formats 108
The guard Keyword, and Why It’s Great 112
Saving Files 113
Loading Files 116
A Basic UI 117
Conclusion 126
6. User Interfaces and iCloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Updating the UI 127
Document-Filetype-Extension UI 131
Getting an Icon for the Collection View Cells 136
Adding Attachments 137
Storing and Managing Attachments 145
Displaying Data in the Collection View 149
Enhancing Attachments 152
Opening Attachments 152
JSON Attachments 155
Adding Attachments via Drag-and-Drop 158
Adding QuickLook 161
iCloud 166
The Basics of iCloud 167
Conclusion 170
Table of Contents | v
Part III. An iOS App
7. Setting Up the iOS Notes App. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Designing the iOS Notes App 174
Creating the iOS Project 181
Enabling the iOS App for iCloud 185
Defining a Document Type 189
Conclusion 191
8. Working with Files in iCloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
The App Sandbox 193
iCloud Availability 195
Creating the Document List View Controller 196
View Controllers and Storyboards 198
The Navigation Controller 198
Collection Views 202
Using Constraints to Control Size and Position 204
Creating the Document Class 208
Listing Documents 214
Creating Documents 224
Downloading from iCloud 227
Deleting Documents 231
Renaming Documents 238
Conclusion 242
9. Working with Documents on iOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Adding a View to Display Notes 243
Editing and Saving Documents 252
Conclusion 253
10. Working with Files and File Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Setting Up the Interface for Attachments 255
Listing Attachments 259
Determining Types of Attachments 261
Displaying Attachment Cells 264
Dealing with Conflicts 270
Creating the Quick Look Thumbnail 276
Conclusion 279
11. Images and Deletion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Adding Attachments 281
Adding Image Attachments 283
vi | Table of Contents
Viewing Attachments 289
Deleting Attachments 300
Conclusion 307
12. Supporting the iOS Ecosystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Sharing with UIActivityController 309
Handoffs 312
Searchability 317
Conclusion 319
13. Extending iOS Apps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Searching with a Spotlight Indexing Extension 322
Today Widgets 332
Conclusion 340
14. Multimedia, Contacts, Location, and Notifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Location Attachments 343
Audio Attachments 358
Video Attachments 371
Contact Attachments 379
Notifications 383
Conclusion 395
15. Polishing the iOS App. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Speaking Text 397
Opening Links in SFSafariViewController 399
3D Touch 403
Home Screen Quick Actions 404
Peek and Pop 404
Settings 405
Undo Support 407
Images with Filters 410
Worldwide Apps 414
Internationalization 415
Localization 418
Accessibility 423
Splitscreen Multitasking 428
Conclusion 429
Table of Contents | vii
Part IV. Extending Your Apps
16. Building a watchOS App. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Designing for the Watch 434
Designing Our watchOS App 436
Creating the watchOS Extension 438
Communicating with the iPhone 442
User Interfaces for the Apple Watch 454
Showing Note Contents 460
Creating New Notes 466
Adding Handoff Between the Watch and the iPhone 468
Glances 471
Conclusion 475
17. Code Quality and Distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Debugging 477
Instruments 480
Testing 485
Unit Testing 486
UI Testing 487
Using Objective-C and Swift in the Same Project 489
Using Swift Objects in Objective-C 489
Using Objective-C Objects in Swift 490
The App Store 491
App Thinning 492
Testing iOS Apps with TestFlight 493
Conclusion 494
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
viii | Table of Contents