Learning for the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Eight Education Competences

171 Pages·2019·3.677 MB·English

by  Alan M. Lesgold

LEARNING FOR THE AGE OF
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Learning for the Age of Artificial Intelligence is a richly informed argument for curri-
cular change to educate people towards achievement and success as intelligent
machinesystemsproliferate.Describingeightkeycompetences,thiscomprehensive
volume prepares educational leaders, designers, researchers, and policymakers to
effectively rethink the knowledge, skills, and environments that students need to
thrive and avoid displacement in today’s technology-enhanced culture and work-
force. Essential insights into school operations, machine learning, complex training
andassessment,andeconomicchallengesroundoutthiscogent,relatablediscussion
about the imminent evolution of the education sector.
Alan M. Lesgold is Renée and Richard Goldman Dean Emeritus and Professor
Emeritus of Education, Psychology, and Intelligent Systems at the University of
Pittsburgh, USA.
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LEARNING FOR THE AGE
OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Eight Education Competences
Alan M. Lesgold
Firstpublished2019
byRoutledge
52VanderbiltAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
andbyRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2019Taylor&Francis
TherightofAlanM.Lesgoldtobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhasbeen
assertedbyhiminaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,Designs
andPatentsAct1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor
utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now
knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinany
informationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthe
publishers.
Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered
trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintentto
infringe.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Lesgold,AlanM.
Title:Learningfortheageofartificialintelligence:eighteducation
competences/AlanLesgold.
Description:NewYork,NY:Routledge,2019.|
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2018055470(print)|LCCN2019002622(ebook)|
ISBN9780429399664(eBook)|ISBN9780367024369(hbk)|
ISBN9780367024376(pbk)|ISBN9780429399664(ebk)
Subjects:LCSH:Educationaltechnology.|Computer-assistedinstruction.|
Artificialintelligence--Educationalapplications.
Classification:LCCLB1028.3(ebook)|
LCCLB1028.3.L4652019(print)|DDC371.33--dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018055470
ISBN:978-0-367-02436-9(hbk)
ISBN:978-0-367-02437-6(pbk)
ISBN:978-0-429-39966-4(ebk)
TypesetinBembo
byTaylor&FrancisBooks
This book is dedicated to the memory of my colleague
Martin Nahemow, who was my partner in developing a
way to provide apprenticeship for the machinist world and
in developing intelligent systems to teach technicians to
repair new and extremely complex equipment. He was also
the source of many of the ideas in this book and helped
me crystallize a lot of ideas that were only vaguely in my
mind before we started working together. He was both a
real polymath and a truly good person.
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CONTENTS
List of tables x
Acknowledgements xi
1 Overview 1
2 Human Life in the Age of Smart Machines 5
3 Competence Needed for Work in the Age of Smart Machines 16
Summary 22
4 Public Schools Today and What Is Missing 24
Introduction 24
Goals of Education in the Past 29
Goals for Education in the Future 31
5 Schooling: Curriculum and How It Should Change 36
Transition: Living in Two School Worlds at Once 39
The Ability to Learn Efficiently and Quickly 41
Socioemotional Skills 44
Skills of Civic Participation 47
Ability to Evaluate Information 50
Facility in Collaborative Activity 53
viii Contents
Management of Personal Finances 55
Confidence 56
Physical and Mental Fitness 58
6 Where Can Children Learn All This? 65
The Importance of Redundancy 68
7 Some Personal Reflections 73
8 How Do Schools Evolve? 78
Dealing with the History of American Education 82
Schooling in the Age of Smart Machines 83
9 Apprenticeships and Similar Experiences 87
Traditional Apprenticeships 88
Porous Career Paths 89
Learning the Eight Competences In and Out of School 90
Deepening the Subject-Matter Curriculum 91
An Example of In-School Focus on the Eight Competences 92
Out-of-School Opportunities for Every Child 94
10 Creating a “Third Place” 98
11 A Few Possible Ways to Address the Eight Competences 102
Stories 102
Informal Apprenticeships 104
Scaffolded Real Tasks 105
Scaffolded Simulated Tasks 107
Games 108
Clubs and Sports 109
Governance Structures 110
12 Learning to Teach the Eight Competences 112
Teachers 115
Parents, Political Leaders, and Business Leaders 116
“Third Places” 118
13 Assessing Learning of the Eight Competences 123
The Tyranny of Assessments 123
Tests That Do Good without Causing Problems 126
Contents ix
Stealth Assessment 127
Structured Social Moderation and the Use of Rubrics 129
Simulation-Based Assessment 131
A Choice: Continuous Improvement for All Children or
Strong Public Control 133
Transparency 134
14 Concluding Observations 137
Preserving Democracy 137
The Value of Redundancy 139
The Role of Charters 141
Lifelong Learning 142
Needed Data Systems 143
Investing in Learning Opportunities 145
It Is Time to Act 145
Other Countries Are Pursuing These Goals 147
A Possible Path toward a Transformed Educational System 148
We Are a Society that Can Do Hard Things 150
Index 153