Learn Xcode Tools for Mac OS X and iPhone Development

345 Pages·2009·13.438 MB·English

by  Piper, Ian

CYAN YELLOW SPOT MATTE
MAGENTA BLACK
PANTONE 123 C
BOOKS FOR PROFESSIONALS BY PROFESSIONALS® Companion
eBook
Available
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ith the Snow Leopard release of the Xcode Developer Tools, both Mac OS X L Mastering Apple’s programming environment for
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and iPhone programmers have access to the most formidable, easy-to-use a
development tool-chest ever assembled. The only piece Apple left out is a simple rn Mac OS X and iPhone OS development
and clear description of all these powerful tools and technologies. We’ve filled this X
void with Learn Xcode Tools for Mac OS X and iPhone Development, which gives
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time provides detailed coverage of new, more advanced features for experienced d
developers.
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In fact, this is the first book to examine the complete Apple Xcode developer envi-
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ronment for both Mac OS X and iPhone, including: o
• Comprehensive coverage of the entire Xcode Tool Suite: Xcode IDE, o
Interface Builder, Instruments, and Shark l
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Additional coverage of useful third-party development tools, including M
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COMPANION eBOOK SEE LAST PAGE FOR DETAILS ON $10 eBOOK VERSION ISBN 978-1-4302-7221-2 e
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User level:
www.apress.com Beginner-Intermediate 9 781430 272205
this print for content only—size & color not accurate Trim: 7.5 x 9.25 spine = 0.78125" 352 page count
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Learn Xcode Tools for Mac
OS X and iPhone
Development

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■ ■ ■
Ian Piper

i
Learn Xcode Tools for Mac OS X and iPhone Development
Copyright © 2009 by Ian Piper
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the
prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.
ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-7221-2
ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-7220-5
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ii
To Caroline, Alice and Ben, at the centre of my universe

—Ian

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iii
Contents at a Glance
■Contents at a Glance..............................................................................................................iv
■Contents..................................................................................................................................v
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■About the Author.....................................................................................................................x co
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■About the Technical Reviewer...............................................................................................xi oo
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■Acknowlegments..................................................................................................................xii ook
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■Preface.................................................................................................................................xiii ww.
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■Chapter 1: Introducing Xcode Tools for Mac OS X and the iPhone.........................................1(cid:1) p://
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Part I: The Core Xcode Toolset...................................................................................................7(cid:1) k
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■Chapter 2: Introducing the Xcode Workspace ........................................................................9(cid:1) eB
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■Chapter 3: Interface Builder..................................................................................................31(cid:1) Po
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■Chapter 4: Core iPhone Tools................................................................................................61(cid:1) d fro
■Chapter 5: Frameworks in Xcode..........................................................................................79(cid:1) nloa
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■Chapter 6: Model-View-Controller in Xcode........................................................................109(cid:1) Do
■Chapter 7: Debugging Your Xcode Projects........................................................................119(cid:1)
■Chapter 8: Xcode Documentation........................................................................................139(cid:1)
■Chapter 9: Developing an Application.................................................................................159(cid:1)
Part II: Enhancing Development with Companion Tools ........................................................185(cid:1)
■Chapter 10: Source-Code Management with Subversion...................................................187(cid:1)
■Chapter 11: Unit Testing in Xcode.......................................................................................207(cid:1)
■Chapter 12: Monitoring, Analysis, and Performance Tools.................................................225(cid:1)
Part III: Supporting Tools.......................................................................................................245(cid:1)
■Chapter 13: Support Tools for the Busy Developer.............................................................247(cid:1)
■Chapter 14: Usability and Accessibility..............................................................................271(cid:1)
■Chapter 15: Packaging and Distribution.............................................................................289(cid:1)
■Index...................................................................................................................................315
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Contents
■Contents at a Glance..............................................................................................................iv(cid:1)
■Contents..................................................................................................................................v(cid:1)
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■About the Author.....................................................................................................................x(cid:1) o
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■About the Technical Reviewer...............................................................................................xi(cid:1) oo
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■Acknowledgments................................................................................................................xii(cid:1) ok
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■Preface.................................................................................................................................xiii(cid:1) w.
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■Chapter 1: Introducing Xcode Tools for Mac OS X and the iPhone.........................................1(cid:1) <htt
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Software Development Choices for the Mac Programmer......................................................................................................................1(cid:1) Bo
Why You Should Develop Using Xcode Tools...........................................................................................................................................2(cid:1) oke
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Xcode, Cocoa, and Objective-C................................................................................................................................................................3(cid:1) m P
TWhhea At pYpolue’ lXl Fcoindde iDn eTvheislo Bpeoro kTo..o..l.s.. .F..a..m...i.l.y.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................45(cid:1)(cid:1) ad fro
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Part 1..................................................................................................................................................................................................5(cid:1) wnl
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Part 2..................................................................................................................................................................................................5(cid:1) D
Part 3..................................................................................................................................................................................................5(cid:1)
What You Won’t Find in This Book...........................................................................................................................................................6(cid:1)
Summary.................................................................................................................................................................................................6(cid:1)
Part I: The Core Xcode Toolset...................................................................................................7(cid:1)
■Chapter 2: Introducing the Xcode Workspace ........................................................................9(cid:1)
Getting and Installing Xcode Developer Tools.........................................................................................................................................9(cid:1)
Getting Xcode.....................................................................................................................................................................................9(cid:1)
Installing Xcode................................................................................................................................................................................10(cid:1)
Removing Your Xcode Developer Tools Installation.........................................................................................................................12(cid:1)
Getting to Know the Xcode Workspace.................................................................................................................................................12(cid:1)
The Welcome to Xcode Window.......................................................................................................................................................13(cid:1)
The Xcode Clean Screen View..........................................................................................................................................................13(cid:1)
Starting a New Project......................................................................................................................................................................14(cid:1)
The Xcode Workspace Working Environment........................................................................................................................................17(cid:1)
Groups & Files List............................................................................................................................................................................17(cid:1)
Detail View........................................................................................................................................................................................19(cid:1)
Editor View.......................................................................................................................................................................................20
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■ CONTENTS
(cid:1)
Toolbar..............................................................................................................................................................................................21(cid:1)
Favorites Bar....................................................................................................................................................................................25(cid:1)
Status Bar.........................................................................................................................................................................................25(cid:1)
It’s All Gone Horribly Wrong...................................................................................................................................................................26(cid:1)
Xcode Workspace Preferences..............................................................................................................................................................26(cid:1)
General.............................................................................................................................................................................................26(cid:1)
Code Sense.......................................................................................................................................................................................27(cid:1)
Building............................................................................................................................................................................................27(cid:1)
Distributed Builds.............................................................................................................................................................................27(cid:1)
Debugging........................................................................................................................................................................................28(cid:1)
Key Bindings.....................................................................................................................................................................................28(cid:1)
Text Editing, Fonts & Colors, and Indentation...................................................................................................................................28(cid:1)
File Types.........................................................................................................................................................................................28(cid:1)
Source Trees....................................................................................................................................................................................28(cid:1)
SCM..................................................................................................................................................................................................28(cid:1)
Documentation.................................................................................................................................................................................29(cid:1)
Summary...............................................................................................................................................................................................30(cid:1)
■Chapter 3: Interface Builder..................................................................................................31(cid:1)
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Professional User Interface Design—and More—for Your Xcode Projects...........................................................................................31(cid:1) om
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Getting to Know the Interface Builder Environment..............................................................................................................................32(cid:1) ok.
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Adding Some Controls to Your User Interface..................................................................................................................................33(cid:1) eb
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Positioning and Aligning Controls and Windows..............................................................................................................................34(cid:1) oo
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Autosizing Controls...........................................................................................................................................................................36(cid:1) w.
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The Documents Window...................................................................................................................................................................42(cid:1) k <
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The Inevitable Hello World Program.................................................................................................................................................43(cid:1) Bo
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Incremental Development—Adding Features to Your Hello World Program....................................................................................49(cid:1) ok
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Creating a Document-Based Application...............................................................................................................................................51(cid:1) m P
Implementing File Saving and Reading............................................................................................................................................53(cid:1) d fro
A Little Polish....................................................................................................................................................................................57(cid:1) oa
Summary...............................................................................................................................................................................................59(cid:1) wnl
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■Chapter 4: Core iPhone Tools................................................................................................61(cid:1) D
First Things First: What You Need to Develop iPhone Software............................................................................................................61(cid:1)
Getting and Installing the SDK...............................................................................................................................................................62(cid:1)
Writing a Simple iPhone Application.....................................................................................................................................................63(cid:1)
Adding Some Polish..........................................................................................................................................................................74(cid:1)
Just One More Thing........................................................................................................................................................................76(cid:1)
Summary...............................................................................................................................................................................................77(cid:1)
■Chapter 5: Frameworks in Xcode..........................................................................................79(cid:1)
A Short Tour of the Frameworks...........................................................................................................................................................79(cid:1)
What Are the Frameworks?..............................................................................................................................................................80(cid:1)
Location of the Frameworks.............................................................................................................................................................80(cid:1)
Other Frameworks............................................................................................................................................................................81(cid:1)
Where to Look for More Information.................................................................................................................................................81(cid:1)
Using Frameworks in Applications........................................................................................................................................................81(cid:1)
The WebKit Framework—Create Your Own Web Browser...............................................................................................................81(cid:1)
The Core Data Framework—Building a Simple Database Application.............................................................................................86(cid:1)
The ScreenSaver Framework...........................................................................................................................................................97(cid:1)
Summary........................................................................................................................................................................................107(cid:1)
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■ CONTENTS
■Chapter 6: Model-View-Controller in Xcode........................................................................109(cid:1)
Understanding MVC.............................................................................................................................................................................109(cid:1)
The Simplest Example.........................................................................................................................................................................110(cid:1)
A More Complex Example....................................................................................................................................................................112(cid:1)
Summary.............................................................................................................................................................................................117(cid:1)
■Chapter 7: Debugging Your Xcode Projects........................................................................119(cid:1)
The Debugger and Console Views.......................................................................................................................................................119(cid:1)
Creating a Project to Debug.................................................................................................................................................................120(cid:1)
Running and Debugging the Project....................................................................................................................................................124(cid:1)
Syntax Errors..................................................................................................................................................................................124(cid:1)
Debugging with Breakpoints..........................................................................................................................................................125(cid:1)
Using NSLog to Track Changing Properties....................................................................................................................................131(cid:1)
Checking Syntax in the Documentation..........................................................................................................................................131(cid:1)
Exploring the Debugger.......................................................................................................................................................................133(cid:1)
Debugging Features in the Code Editor..........................................................................................................................................134(cid:1)
The Main Debugger Window..........................................................................................................................................................134(cid:1)
The Mini Debugger.........................................................................................................................................................................136(cid:1)
The Console....................................................................................................................................................................................137(cid:1)
Summary.............................................................................................................................................................................................138(cid:1)
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■Chapter 8: Xcode Documentation........................................................................................139(cid:1) om
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Overview of Documentation Resources for Xcode..............................................................................................................................139(cid:1) ok.
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Quick Help...........................................................................................................................................................................................139(cid:1) eb
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ADC Documentation.............................................................................................................................................................................141(cid:1) po
Cocoa Fundamentals Guide............................................................................................................................................................142(cid:1) ww.
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Xcode Workflow and Cocoa Application Tutorials..........................................................................................................................143(cid:1) p://
Recommended Reading for Xcode Developers..............................................................................................................................143(cid:1) htt
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Getting Around the ADC Documentation.........................................................................................................................................144(cid:1) ok
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Other Resources on the Apple Developer Site.....................................................................................................................................147(cid:1) eB
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Third-Party Online Resources..............................................................................................................................................................147(cid:1) oo
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Other Sources of Information..............................................................................................................................................................148(cid:1) m
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Keeping a High Signal-to-Noise Ratio............................................................................................................................................148(cid:1) d fr
Mailing Lists and Web Forums.......................................................................................................................................................149(cid:1) oa
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RSS Feeds......................................................................................................................................................................................149(cid:1) ow
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Creating Your Own Developer Documentation....................................................................................................................................149(cid:1)
Downloading and Installing Doxygen.............................................................................................................................................150(cid:1)
Overview of Documentation Creation with Doxygen......................................................................................................................150(cid:1)
Commenting the Code....................................................................................................................................................................150(cid:1)
Creating Documentation for TemperatureConverter.................................................................................................................152(cid:1)
Converting the HTML into a Docset................................................................................................................................................154(cid:1)
Advanced Doxygen Topics..............................................................................................................................................................157(cid:1)
Summary.............................................................................................................................................................................................158(cid:1)
■Chapter 9: Developing an Application.................................................................................159(cid:1)
Defining the Problem...........................................................................................................................................................................159(cid:1)
Designing the Application....................................................................................................................................................................160(cid:1)
Sketching Out the Problem Space..................................................................................................................................................161(cid:1)
The Data Model...............................................................................................................................................................................162(cid:1)
Creating the Project........................................................................................................................................................................164(cid:1)
Choosing the Data Store Format.....................................................................................................................................................165(cid:1)
Building the User Interfaces...........................................................................................................................................................166(cid:1)
Running the Application.................................................................................................................................................................177(cid:1)
What to Do if It Doesn’t Work.........................................................................................................................................................178(cid:1)
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■ CONTENTS
Making Improvements....................................................................................................................................................................178(cid:1)
Where to Take the Application from Here.......................................................................................................................................183(cid:1)
Looking Back and Looking Forward....................................................................................................................................................184(cid:1)
Part II: Enhancing Development with Companion Tools ........................................................185(cid:1)
■Chapter 10: Source-Code Management with Subversion...................................................187(cid:1)
Introduction to Subversion..................................................................................................................................................................188(cid:1)
The Subversion Work Cycle............................................................................................................................................................189(cid:1)
One Repository or Many?...............................................................................................................................................................190(cid:1)
Where to Get More Information......................................................................................................................................................191(cid:1)
Installing a Local Subversion Server...................................................................................................................................................192(cid:1)
Creating a Repository.....................................................................................................................................................................192(cid:1)
Configuring the Repository in Xcode..............................................................................................................................................195(cid:1)
Populating the Repository with Projects.........................................................................................................................................196(cid:1)
Getting a Working Copy out of the Repository................................................................................................................................198(cid:1)
Making Changes and Committing Code.........................................................................................................................................200(cid:1)
Comparing Revisions and Rolling Back..........................................................................................................................................201(cid:1)
Handling Version Conflicts..............................................................................................................................................................202(cid:1)
Using an Online Subversion Server.....................................................................................................................................................204(cid:1)
Summary.............................................................................................................................................................................................205(cid:1)
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■Chapter 11: Unit Testing in Xcode.......................................................................................207(cid:1) om
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Introducing Unit Testing......................................................................................................................................................................207(cid:1) ok.
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Unit Testing in Practice.......................................................................................................................................................................209(cid:1) eb
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Setting Up a Project for Unit Testing..............................................................................................................................................210(cid:1) po
Writing Unit Tests...........................................................................................................................................................................212(cid:1) ww.
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Running Your First Unit Test...........................................................................................................................................................213(cid:1) p://
What Should You Test?........................................................................................................................................................................217(cid:1) htt
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Rightness........................................................................................................................................................................................217(cid:1) ok
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Wrong Input....................................................................................................................................................................................217(cid:1) eB
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Boundary Conditions......................................................................................................................................................................218(cid:1) oo
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Other Factors to Test......................................................................................................................................................................219(cid:1) m
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Making Your Test Suite More Efficient................................................................................................................................................220(cid:1) d fr
Where to Go Next.................................................................................................................................................................................221(cid:1) oa
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Dependent versus Independent Unit Testing..................................................................................................................................222(cid:1) ow
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Summary.............................................................................................................................................................................................224(cid:1)
■Chapter 12: Monitoring, Analysis, and Performance Tools.................................................225(cid:1)
Instruments.........................................................................................................................................................................................225(cid:1)
Tracking Down a Memory Leak......................................................................................................................................................225(cid:1)
Tracking File Activity......................................................................................................................................................................232(cid:1)
Activity Monitor...............................................................................................................................................................................234(cid:1)
What Else Can You Do with Instruments?......................................................................................................................................235(cid:1)
Shark...................................................................................................................................................................................................236(cid:1)
BigTop.................................................................................................................................................................................................240(cid:1)
Spin Control.........................................................................................................................................................................................242(cid:1)
Summary.............................................................................................................................................................................................244(cid:1)
Part III: Supporting Tools.......................................................................................................245(cid:1)
■Chapter 13: Support Tools for the Busy Developer.............................................................247(cid:1)
Icon Composer.....................................................................................................................................................................................247(cid:1)
Creating the Basic Image for an Application Icon...........................................................................................................................248(cid:1)
Creating the Icon in Icon Composer................................................................................................................................................249(cid:1)
Pixie.....................................................................................................................................................................................................254(cid:1)
FileMerge.............................................................................................................................................................................................256(cid:1)
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