Latin America Transformed: Globalization and Modernity (Arnold Publication)

337 Pages·2004·5.09 MB·English

by  Robert N. Gwynne

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Edited by
and
First published in Great Britain in 2004 by
Hodder Education, an Hachette UK Company
338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH
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© 2004 Edward Arnold (Publishers)
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errors or omissions.
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ISBN 978 0 340 80930 3
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To Catherine, Daniel and Sylvia
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Contents
List of tables xi
List of figures xiii
About the authors xv
Preface xix
PART 1: GLOBALIZATION AND MODERNITY 1
1 Latin America transformed: globalization and neoliberalism 3
Robert N. Gwynne, Cristóbal Kay
Unravelling the concept of globalization in Latin America 5
Globalization and the contemporary relevance of structuralism and
dependency theories 11
Globalization in the neoliberal era 14
Social bases of neoliberalism 17
Conclusion: a paradigm shift in theory and policy 19

2 Modernity and identity: cultural change in Latin America 22
Jorge Larraín
Introduction 22
The Latin American trajectory to modernity 24
Some specific elements of Latin American modernity and culture 32
Conclusion 38
3 Structural reform in South America and Mexico: Economic and
Regional Perspectives 39
Robert N. Gwynne
Historical contexts 43
Economic policy change 46
Impacts and problems of neoliberal reform 50
Neoliberalism and economic spaces 57
Conclusion 63
vii
d
e
m 4 Globalization, neoliberalism and economic change in Central
r
o America and the Caribbean 67
f
s
n Thomas Klak
a
r
T A region of small and dependent states 69
a
c Development policies prior to neoliberalism 73
ri
e The debt crisis and the neoliberal remedy 76
m
The meaning and impacts of globalization 77
A
n The neoliberal development model 80
ati Cuba: island socialism amid global capitalism 84
L
Migration and transnationalism 87
Regional trading blocs 87
The growing drug economy 90
Conclusion 91
5 The urban revolution 93
Alan Gilbert
Urban growth during the twentieth century 94
Explanations for urban growth 95
Rural–urban migration 98
The geography of urban growth under the new economic model 101
The urbanization of poverty 102
Differential patterns of urban change 104
An unpredictable future 114
6 The political economy of sustainable development 117
Warwick E. Murray and Eduardo Silva
Natural resource use – economy or environment? 118
Political-economic issues and implications 122
Whose sustainability? The Chilean fruit export boom 124
Environmental issues and implications 128
The politics of natural resource extraction 133
Conclusion 135
PART 2: POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS 139
7 Authoritarianism, democracy and development 141
Eduardo Silva
Political economy and the state 141
Democracy, authoritarianism and development 143
Conclusion 154
8 The new political order: towards technocratic democracies? 157
Patricio Silva
Neoliberalism, modernization and democracy 157
The depoliticization of society 159
Political legitimation and consumerism 162
The technocratization of policy-making 164
viii
C
o
Disenchantment 166 n
t
The future of democracy in Latin America 168 e
n
t
s
PART 3: SPACE, SOCIETY AND LIVELIHOODS 171
9 Livelihood transitions, place transformations: grounding
globalization and modernity 173
Anthony Bebbington
Conceptualizing livelihoods in Latin America 174
Livelihoods since neoliberalism 181
Livelihood politics 183
Livelihoods, NGOs and development 185
Globalization and livelihoods in Latin America 188
Conclusion 191
10 Civil society, grassroots politics and livelihoods 193
Sarah A. Radcliffe
Civil society in Latin America: social difference, rights and the state 194
Civil society mobilization in the 1970s and 1980s 196
Civil society and the transition to democracy 202
Civil society and social difference 202
Conclusion 207
11 Urban livelihoods, employment and gender 210
Sylvia Chant
Household livelihoods 210
Urban employment 215
Gender and the urban labour market 221
Conclusion 228
12 Rural livelihoods and peasant futures 232
Cristóbal Kay
The lost promise of agrarian reform 232
Globalization, neoliberalism and agriculture 234
Peasant futures: a permanent semi-proletariat? 240
The new peasant movement: indigenous and environmental dimensions 246
Conclusion 249
PART 4: LATIN AMERICAN FUTURES 251
13 The alternatives to neoliberalism 253
Robert N. Gwynne and Cristóbal Kay
The neoliberal model evaluated 253
Alternatives to neoliberalism 259
Bibliography 268
Index 311
ix