Laser Spectroscopy and Laser Imaging: An Introduction

751 Pages·2018·155.79 MB·English

by  Helmut H. Telle

Laser Spectroscopy and Laser Imaging
An Introduction
Series in Optics and Optoelectronics
Series Editor: Lou M Han
Handbook of 3D Machine Vision: Optical Metrology and Imaging
Song Zhang
Handbook of Optoelectronics, Second Edition: Enabling Technologies (Volume Two)
John P. Dakin, Robert G. W. Brown
Handbook of Optoelectronic Device Modeling and Simulation: Fundamentals, Materials,
Nanostructures, LEDs, and Amplifiers, Vol. 1
Joachim Piprek
Handbook of Optoelectronics, Second Edition: Applied Optical Electronics (Volume Three)
John P. Dakin, Robert G. W. Brown
Handbook of Optoelectronic Device Modeling and Simulation: Lasers, Modulators,
Photodetectors, Solar Cells, and Numerical Methods, Vol. 2
Joachim Piprek
Handbook of Optoelectronics, Second Edition: Concepts, Devices, and Techniques (Volume One)
John P. Dakin, Robert Brown
Handbook of GaN Semiconductor Materials and Devices
Wengang (Wayne) Bi, Haochung (Henry) Kuo, Peicheng Ku, Bo Shen
Handbook of Optoelectronic Device Modeling and Simulation (Two-Volume Set)
Joachim Piprek
Handbook of Optoelectronics, Second Edition (Three-Volume Set)
John P. Dakin, Robert G. W. Brown
Optical MEMS, Nanophotonics, and Their Applications
Guangya Zhou, Chengkuo Lee
Thin-Film Optical Filters, Fifth Edition
H. Angus Macleod
Laser Spectroscopy and Laser Imaging: An Introduction
Helmut H. Telle, Ángel González Ureña
For more information about this series, please visit:
https://www.crcpress.com/Series-in-Optics-and-Optoelectronics/book-series/TFOPTICSOPT
Laser Spectroscopy and Laser Imaging
An Introduction
Helmut H. Telle
Instituto Pluridisciplinar - Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Madrid, Spain
Ángel González Ureña
Instituto Pluridisciplinar - Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Madrid, Spain
CRCPress
Taylor&FrancisGroup
6000BrokenSoundParkwayNW,Suite300
BocaRaton,FL33487-2742
©2018byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC
CRCPressisanimprintofTaylor&FrancisGroup,anInformabusiness
NoclaimtooriginalU.S.Governmentworks
Printedonacid-freepaper
InternationalStandardBookNumber-13:978-1-4665-8822-6(Hardback)
InternationalStandardBookNumber-13:978-1-315-15698-9(eBook)
Thisbookcontainsinformationobtainedfromauthenticandhighlyregardedsources.Reasonableeffortshavebeenmadetopublishreliabledataand
information,buttheauthorandpublishercannotassumeresponsibilityforthevalidityofallmaterialsortheconsequencesoftheiruse.Theauthors
andpublishershaveattemptedtotracethecopyrightholdersofallmaterialreproducedinthispublicationandapologizetocopyrightholdersif
permissiontopublishinthisformhasnotbeenobtained.Ifanycopyrightmaterialhasnotbeenacknowledgedpleasewriteandletusknowsowe
mayrectifyinanyfuturereprint.
ExceptaspermittedunderU.S.CopyrightLaw,nopartofthisbookmaybereprinted,reproduced,transmitted,orutilizedinanyformbyany
electronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopying,microfilming,andrecording,orinanyinfor-
mationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or
contacttheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.(CCC),222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,978-750-8400.CCCisanot-for-profitorganization
thatprovideslicensesandregistrationforavarietyofusers.FororganizationsthathavebeengrantedaphotocopylicensebytheCCC,aseparate
systemofpaymenthasbeenarranged.
TrademarkNotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanation
withoutintenttoinfringe.
VisittheTaylor&FrancisWebsiteat
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
andtheCRCPressWebsiteat
http://www.crcpress.com
v
Contents
Series Preface xxi
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
Authors xxvii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Interaction of Light with Matter 9
Chapter 3 The Basics of Lasers 29
Chapter 4 Laser Sources Based on Gaseous, Liquid,
or Solid-State Active Media 69
Chapter 5 Laser Sources Based on Semiconductor Media
and Nonlinear Optic Phenomena 99
vi Contents
Chapter 6 Common Spectroscopic and Imaging
Detection Techniques 129
Chapter 7 Absorption Spectroscopy and Its Implementation 163
Chapter 8 Selected Applications of Absorption
Spectroscopy 193
Chapter 9 Fluorescence Spectroscopy
and Its Implementation 229
Chapter 10 Selected Applications of Laser-Induced
Fluorescence Spectroscopy 247
Chapter 11 Raman Spectroscopy and Its Implementation 267
Chapter 12 Linear Raman Spectroscopy 295
Chapter 13 Enhancement Techniques
in Raman Spectroscopy 333
Chapter 14 Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy 365
Chapter 15 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 405
Chapter 16 Laser Ionization Techniques 427
Chapter 17 Basic Concepts of Laser Imaging 469
Chapter 18 Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging 499
Chapter 19 Raman Imaging and Microscopy 529
Contents vii
Chapter 20 Diffuse Optical Imaging 563
Chapter 21 Imaging Based on Absorption and Ion Detection
Methods 597
Bibliography 639
Index 693
http://taylorandfrancis.com
ix
Detailed Contents
2.1.2 Quantitativedescriptionoflight
Series Preface xxi
absorption—TheBeer–Lambertlaw 12
Preface xxiii
2.2 FLUORESCENCE AND PHOSPHORESCENCE 14
Acknowledgments xxv
Authors xxvii 2.3 LIGHT SCATTERING 16
2.3.1 Rayleigh scattering 16
Chapter 1 2.3.2 Mie scattering 18
Introduction 1 2.3.3 Reflection and refraction 20
2.4 LIGHTSCATTERING:INELASTICPROCESSES 22
1.1 LASERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON
2.4.1 Brillouin scattering 22
SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING 2
2.4.2 Raman scattering 23
1.1.1 Laser properties of importance
to spectroscopy 3 2.5 BREAKTHROUGHS AND THE CUTTING
1.1.2 Concepts of laser spectroscopy EDGE 25
and imaging 4 2.5.1 Breakthrough: Color in prehistoric
times 26
1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK 4
2.5.2 At the cutting edge:
1.2.1 Introduction to photon–matter
Single-photon spectroscopy
interaction processes, laser sources,
of a single molecule 26
and detection methodologies 4
1.2.2 Spectroscopic techniques Chapter 3
and their applications 5 The Basics of Lasers 29
1.2.3 Laser-spectroscopic imaging 7
3.1 FRAMEWORK FOR LASER ACTION 30
Chapter 2 3.1.1 Rate equations 30
3.1.2 Population inversion in the
Interaction of Light with Matter 9
steady-state limit 32
2.1 ABSORPTIONANDEMISSION 3.1.3 Laser cavities 33
OFRADIATION 9 3.1.4 Laser gain 34
2.1.1 Einstein coefficients and transition 3.1.5 Cavity dynamics and the evolution
probabilities 10 of laser photons 35