Table Of ContentLASER SCANNING
International Society for Photogrammetry and
Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Book Series
ISSN: 1572–3348
Book Series Editor
Zhilin Li
Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics,
The Hong King Polytechnic University, Hong Kong,
P.R. China
Laser Scanning
An Emerging Technology in Structural
Engineering
Editors
Belén Riveiro
School of Industrial Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
Roderik Lindenbergh
Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology,
Delft, The Netherlands
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Published by: CRC Press/Balkema
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ISBN: 978-1-138-49604-0 (Hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-351-01886-9 (eBook)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351018869
Laser Scanning – Riveiro and Lindenbergh
© 2020 ISPRS, ISBN 978-1-138-49604-0
Contents
Preface vii
Editors ix
Contributors xi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Belén Riveiro, Ana Sánchez-Rodríguez and Mario Soilán
Chapter 2 Multispectral terrestrial lidar: state of the art and challenges 5
Sanna Kaasalainen
Chapter 3 Multiplatform mobile laser scanning 19
Antero Kukko and Harri Kaartinen
Chapter 4 Introduction to mobile mapping with portable systems 37
Erica Nocerino, Pablo Rodriguez-Gonzálvez and Fabio Menna
Chapter 5 Indoor modeling with laser scanning 53
Cheng Wang and Chenglu Wen
Chapter 6 Geometric point cloud quality 79
Derek D. Lichti
Chapter 7 Semantic segmentation of dense point clouds 93
Martin Weinmann
Chapter 8 Laser scanning for operational multiscale structural monitoring 113
Roderik Lindenbergh, Sylvie Soudarissanane, Jinhu Wang, Abdul
Nurunnabi, Adriaan van Natijne and Cserép Máté
Chapter 9 A smart point cloud infrastructure for intelligent environments 127
Florent Poux and Roland Billen
Chapter 10 Integration of TLS and sonar for the modelling of semi-immersed structures 151
Emmanuel Moisan, Philippe Foucher, Pierre Charbonnier, Samuel
Guillemin, Matthieu Koehl and Pierre Grussenmeyer
Chapter 11 Integral diagnosis and structural analysis of historical constructions
by terrestrial laser scanning 169
Luis J. Sánchez-Aparicio, Susana Del Pozo, Pablo Rodríguez-Gonzálvez,
Ángel L. Muñoz-Nieto, Diego González-Aguilera and Luís F. Ramos
Chapter 12 Laser scanning for bridge inspection 189
Linh Truong Hong and Debra F. Laefer
v
Chapter 13 Laser scanning data for inverse problems in structural engineering 215
Belén Riveiro, Manuel Cabaleiro, Borja Conde, Mario Soilán and
Ana Sánchez-Rodríguez
Chapter 14 Construction site monitoring based on laser scanning data 231
Daniel Wujanz
Chapter 15 Integrated modelling and management information system (MMIS)
for SCAN-to-BIM projects 247
Fabrizio Banfi and Luigi Barazzetti
Index 265
ISPRS book series 269
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Laser Scanning – Riveiro and Lindenbergh
© 2020 ISPRS, ISBN 978-1-138-49604-0
Preface
Laser scanning technology has significantly evolved in the last years; its ability to collect large
amounts of accurate geometric 3D data at a relatively low cost has motivated the adoption of this
geomatic technology for many different applications. The growing need to digitally record our
environment in 3D, together with the developments in artificial intelligence, particularly relevant
for the automated interpretation of digital images, motivated the adoption of laser scanning as a
fundamental tool for geometrical recording. This is especially relevant in the construction and civil
engineering domains, among others, where laser scanners have been included as routine measuring
technology for projects requiring geometrical control, 3D modelling, or building/infrastructure
management, deformation of structural health monitoring, etc. As a consequence of its expansion
in other domains outside of geomatics, new needs appeared, namely: more efficient acquisition
systems, automated object identification and parameterization, etc.
Since terrestrial laser scanners have become more accessible to researchers and profession-
als working in the industrial sector, there has been an explosion of articles reporting successful
applications of the technology, proposing new acquisition systems, even new sensors, and more
intensely, automatic data processing procedures. Even though access to the huge number of papers
that are being published every day becomes easier, there exists a need to compile in a single doc-
ument those aspects of laser scanning technology that have evolved in the last years. Additionally,
such a document can serve to update the reference books for students, not only in the geomatic
domain but most importantly, for those students and professionals from other domains such as civil
engineering, construction, or architecture (among others), who are introducing this powerful geo-
matic technique as a basic tool for surveying, measurement, 3D modelling, and other subsequent
operations.
In this context, this book provides an overview on the evolution of laser scanning technology
and its noticeable impact in the structural engineering domain. It aims to provide an up-to-date
synthesis of the state of the art of the technology for the reverse engineering of built constructions.
Data processing of large point clouds collected with laser scanning systems has in parallel fash-
ion experienced an important advance, and thus, an intense activity in the development of auto-
mated data processing algorithms has been noticed. The emergence of these algorithms is related
to an intense demand of engineers and technicians from outside the geomatics domain. Different
applications have in common that they all demand an efficient conversion of the raw laser scan
point cloud data to 3D models, but all with purpose-dependent requirements. This book provides
an overview of state-of-the-art algorithms, different best practices, and most recent processing
tools such as the emergent application of deep learning to dense point clouds.
Finally, the book is completed with a set of chapters presenting some relevant practical appli-
cations of laser scanning point clouds to structural engineering such as routine bridge inspection,
documentation and automated inspection of historical constructions, exploitation of dense point
clouds to determine stresses in metallic structural members, construction site monitoring, and con-
version of point clouds into BIM models for a more efficient management of existing constructions.
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Laser Scanning – Riveiro and Lindenbergh
© 2020 ISPRS, ISBN 978-1-138-49604-0
Editors
Belén Riveiro was born in Pontevedra (Spain) in 1983. Since 2012, she is an Associate Professor
at the Department of Materials Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Construction at the Univer-
sity of Vigo (Spain). She holds an MSc in Construction Engineering (2015), an MESc in Forestry
Engineering (2006) and a PhD in Environmental Engineering (2011). She has been an Associate
Professor in Geomatics at Newcastle University (UK) in 2011, and was a postdoctoral research
fellow at the University of Minho (2012 and 2014), the University of Cambridge (2015), and at
Delft University of Technology (2016). Her research is focused on the application of remote sens-
ing technologies in structural engineering for the automated modelling, inspection and material
characterization using inverse analysis procedures. At a larger scale, she uses Lidar for the model-
ling of terrestrial transport infrastructure and urban spaces. She has been principal investigator in
several research and innovation projects (at national and international levels) and coordinator of an
European action focused on the resilience of transport infrastructure to extreme events (within the
H2020 Framework Program). She has published more than 80 research papers in SCI-JCR journals
(h-index 22) and more than 60 communications to international conferences. She is co-author of
nine patents and has supervised six PhD theses. She is the Secretary of the ISPRS WGII/10 3D
Mapping for Environmental & Infrastructure Monitoring for the period 2016–2020. In 2017 she
was awarded by the Spanish Royal Academy of Engineering with a medal of the Juan López de
Peñalver Prize within the Awards for Young Researchers.
Roderik Lindenbergh is Associate Professor in Laser Scanning at the Department. of Geoscience
and Remote Sensing of Delft University of Technology. He studied mathematics at the University
of Amsterdam and studied six months at RWTH Aachen for his MSc project on computational
group theory. After eight months at QM&W College, London, he worked on his PhD in geometry
and topology at Utrecht University, where he obtained his PhD on limits of Voronoi diagrams in
2002. From then he has been working at the current Dept. of Geoscience and Remote Sensing of
TU Delft. His main research interests are properties, processing methodology, and applications of
laser scan point clouds and digital terrain analysis using satellite data. He was elected best lecturer
2017 of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences. He was Chair of Laser Scanning 2017,
a workshop organized at the Geospatial Week in Wuhan, China. He is associate editor of the ISPRS
journal on photogrammetry and remote sensing, and he is the 2016–2020 Chair of ISPRS WG II/10
on 3D mapping for environmental and infrastructural monitoring.
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