Laser Induced Surface Modification of Aluminium Alloys

170 Pages·2016·2.11 MB·English

by  Subhadarshi Nayak

UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff TTeennnneesssseeee,, KKnnooxxvviillllee
TTRRAACCEE:: TTeennnneesssseeee RReesseeaarrcchh aanndd CCrreeaattiivvee
EExxcchhaannggee
Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School
5-2004
LLaasseerr IInndduucceedd SSuurrffaaccee MMooddiifificcaattiioonn ooff AAlluummiinniiuumm AAllllooyyss
Subhadarshi Nayak
University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss
Part of the Materials Science and Engineering Commons
RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn
Nayak, Subhadarshi, "Laser Induced Surface Modification of Aluminium Alloys. " PhD diss., University of
Tennessee, 2004.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2983
This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee
Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized
administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact
[email protected].
To the Graduate Council:
I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Subhadarshi Nayak entitled "Laser Induced
Surface Modification of Aluminium Alloys." I have examined the final electronic copy of this
dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Materials Science and
Engineering.
Narendra B. Dahotre, Major Professor
We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance:
David C. Joy, Carl McHargue, Easo P. George
Accepted for the Council:
Carolyn R. Hodges
Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School
(Original signatures are on file with official student records.)
Tot heG raduaCtoeu ncil:
Ia ms ubmitthienrge wiatd hi ssertwartiitotnbe ynS ubhadarNsahyia ekn tit"lLeasde r
InducSeudr faMcoed ificatoifAo lnu minuAml loyIsh "a.v eex amintehdefi napla per
copyo ft hidsi ssertaftoifroo nr amn dc onteanntdr ecommetnhda itt b ea cceptiend
partifaull fillmoeftn hter equiremfeontrth sed egreoefD octoorfP hilosowpihtyah,
majoirn lV laterSicailesn acned E ngineering.
NarendBr.aD ahotrMea,j oPrr ofessor
We havree atdh idsi ssertation
andr ecommeintdas c ceptance:
Acceptfeodtr h eC ouncil:
VicCeh ancellor
0
·j. . ..· ··
· ..•. I• ••
. : � "'·. ... ',',, ,. • ..
. :,
' .
·-,!·" . ;._'.
··:·.
•!•:
.,·
LasIenrd uScuerdf ace
ModificoafAt liuomni nAulml oys
A Dissertation
Presenftoetrd h e
DoctoorfP hilosophy
Degree
The UniversoifTt eyn nessKeneo,x ville
SubhadarNsahyia k
May2 004
Tom ya lmmaa tIenrd iIanns tiotfuT teec hnoKhlaorgayg,p ur.
ii
Acknowledgments
IIfh ave fsuereetrtnh h aont heirtsb ,yi ss taunpdotinhn segh oeurlosdfg ian-Ntesw.t on.
Ia mn ostu reIh aivfse e eann fyru thtehrao nt h,eb ruIstk now wtihtahto ut help,
suppaonredtn ,c ouratfg remom seenveprearls Iow nosu,nl edv hevare b eeanb lteofn iish
thwiosr Fki.rs otfa llI,w oulldie tk ot hamnyka dviDsreN.ra renBd.r aD ahfootrre ,
helpmiend gu ritnhwgeh olwoer wki tthh diiss steir.oTt nhaanyko uf opror vidmien g
dierctwihoenIn n eedmeods t
I vergyr atteof uDDlra sv Ci.dJ oyC,a rMlc HargaunEed a sPo. Gefoorrg e
am
serviinn gcm oym mitatnepdeo r,v idvianlgu ianbplueIat lss.gio v eas pceitahla ntkos
Dr. IAannd eMr.Ds ro.n ,H arrMye yeMllr.i,, M sL.a uRreai sDtreE.rd ,w aAr.dK enik
and HDsriW.na ng ffuroirtc fouallbl oraatniados cn o -auatnhDdor r.s GeoPrhgaerr M.
fohre lpmienu gn derds ntaannoindeIna tcaktnioownlF.eo drMgdoe t oCro mpafnroy
paratlfi undoiftn hgre e separrcjohe cIat p.p irteaeDc rO.l uedlPeo pooofFl oar Rde search
Labora(tporretysl weyin tZhi mmIenrc f.oh)ri ssu ppaonredtn couratgA.el mseon GRA
suppfoorrtmU TSIi nt hlea st segmereasttalepyrp ir taeiecsd .
Thantkos IDnrd.nr iMala nnDar,B. . SM.u rtayn d KD.rK.R. a y ifnosrt illing
curioisnmi edt uyr iunngd ergrasdtuuadttiheela setm d e t oe xoprlteh fesa cinawtoirnlgd
of maatllesir tiftulretT hhearn.ak lsst ooa lmly lceoalgeusecpsei,la lAyb jheietl, , Ani
AnsuhlG,re gR,a ghumvyif rre,in dasn dw in-gmatferso ImIT -Kharargopoumrm,a te
Kirfarona ltlh esiurp paonrhdte lp.
At lasmty, w ieft Joy ottih,a nfkros s uppnogrm tei wityho ur alnodv e
underdsitnaagndn,a lsionm athemactoinccaeplpr toasgm,rm ianngid n L aTXe.I c ould
nohta vfneii shtehdi s wwiotrhykoo uustru ppaonrhdte lp.
iii
Abstract
Purpoofst eh wiosr ikst o i mprsouvref ralecaetp erdo peesor fta ilumianluylmso
bye mploayl iansge r tbehacnsieqTduw eoa. p prhoeawsce ret akteoan c hitehvgieos a l.
Firasptp rho iancveosl rvpaai sdo liifdicaitnuidcoebndy l asweihrto uatn dy eleirbate
chanignce h emiccoamlsp oit.Ini osnecoanpdp rho,la acswearsu setdod epoFsei3t0 4 on
A31,9p roduacnFi en03g.J Arlae ctcioomnp ocsoianttgei.
In-shgiiht-us pienrefadrt ehde rmopghrcsaa ptudruerdil snaegsr ru feam celtoifn g
A319e nabelsetdi moatfmi aoxni mtuemm pteurreta,e mperagrtaudriee ntc ooalnidn g
ra.t elIni gohftl iimtesdp atiatli mreaesn odl utoifto hnies nr farceadm eroan,e ­
dimenshieoatntras alefn rm odewla asd opteeds tfinomgrta htceio olrianTtghe ec ooling
ratteh uessm taitepdr ovidreadn goaefc elsli ze ctlhoasmtea ltyc hweidtt hh e
experiamlleyonb tsercveesldil Tz heeh igcho olrian(tg>e1 50°C /sr)e suilnet xetdse inve
rfienemenotf m icrostriuntc htelu arseme erl ted Ilnasyterru.mi enendntteadt ion
techniquuseet domw eaass huarred n(eHas)ns d emloadsutl(iuEcos) ft hlea ser-melted
lyaerB.e rokvitcihwp a su setdoi ndetnhmtea etrifaol1r0 0 -n2m0,0 -nm, a5n0d0 -nm,
1000-ndme ptThhse. HtahnEed wefruoen tdob e1 2.2G Paa n7d8 .G2Pa r,e scpteively,
fo1r00 0-nimne dntadteitpohnTs h.ev ariaanscseosc wiiattHhe a dn Ed w erem inimal,
wheretahssea, m feo sru tbrsaptoes sessisgeindci asfncta tntgAe.lr siHo a,n Edi necarsed
witdhe csreiandge ptohfi ndentCaltoisoeenxr.a minsautgigoents htaetd twhhee n
heteernoegiintt yhm ea tewraisia nlt he socfia nldee ntdaetpitsohin,g nisficcaatnntgte ri
toopkl aacned htahrehd a.spSeii neflnuctehdae v erhaagred nHeoswse.vt ehree,ff etoc f
inedntadteipootnnhe lasmtoidcuw launsso stt sattiilcysai lgniTfihcieam nptro.v eimnen t
mechanpircoapeelsmr atnieisftienbde twteearrr se istance.
IV
AluminaunmdF e304re tascr ealdyii nw haitsk nowansT hermriectatei on.
Ifnrartehde rmaopghwrya esm plofyoedrdi agnotshtiehn egr cmoanld idtuiironlngas s er
proscseiSncga.n nAiunggem ri croys,tc rosapmnisseiloenc tmriocnr oscoxp-yra ya nd
difafrctitoenc hniiqdnuiecsaa t reedca tion boextiwpdeaeerc ntl ieasn da lumi-num
forimngF eAiI netrmtealcloimcp ouAnhds0,3a ,n d vairtnieorudmsie arteeca tion
porducAtnsa.l yosfti hsce o atrienoggni f,ar ctuirnev adc uuo,i ndtiecsdau bstantial
toughonfte hsmesa taeldr uiteo e xtreelremyfi nemdi ocsrtruwcittufihrn eed liys tributed
oxiadneid ne trmeltlpaiacrc tliaenssd to rnign ftcaeirbaoln dbientgw peaeirnct laenstd h e
matxr.Mi ehcanipcraolp erotfti heecs o atwienrgee v atleudba yn andoeinntation
tcehniqeumepsl oyboitnBhge rokviacnhdc u be-cionemdnetre Hrsad.rn easnsed l astic
modulus vafluounetdso b euw enorirefma t1 2.4a n7d6 G Par,se pteicveNlory a.id al
crcakiwnagso bserfvoeerdi tthheBere rkoovric cuhb e-cionemdnetre Trhse.sre es ults
indtietc hatahtle sa er-inrdpauicdselodyl idified mactoemirpstioo asuliag tnhefd ar cture
resistant.
v
Contents
1I notdruction 1
2B ackogurnadn Hdy pothesis 3
21.S ufrcaea nSdur faEcneg ineering 3
2.A2l umiAnluylmso 5
22..C1a sAtl umiAnluylmso 6
2.2M.o2d ifiocfaM tiicornos tructure 20
2.2S.ur3f aEcneg ineoefAr liunmgi Anluylmso 23
2.L3a saesar EnginTeoeorli ng 30
2.13L .asearS urfaEcneg innegTe oroil 32
as
2.3S.urf2a cPer operties 36
3E xpmeernitCaoln cepts 40
3.M1a taelraisn Pdr oscseing 40
3.P2r oscsDe iagnosis 42
3.M3i croscaonpMdyi crnoaalysis 49
33..E1n erDgisyp seirXv-eR a(yE DMS)i carnoalysi5s1
3.23S .cannAiunggMe irc raolaynsis 52
3.33T .rasnmisEslieocnMt ircorno scopy 53
3.M4ec hanPircoaple rties 54
34.1.I nstruImnednetnetdTa ecthinoinq ue 55
34..A2b rasainoWden a r 60
3.T5h ermoCalc 61
vi