Large carnivore conservation and management : human dimensions

365 Pages·2018·5.714 MB·English

by  Justine Shanti Alexander, Tasos Hovardas

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Large Carnivore Conservation
Books.ir and Management
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Large carnivores include iconic species such as bears, wolves and big cats. Their
habitats are increasingly being shared with humans, and there is a growing
number of examples of human-carnivore coexistence as well as conflict. Next
to population dynamics of large carnivores, there are considerable attitude shifts
towards these species worldwide, with multiple implications.
This book argues and demonstrates why human dimensions of relationships
to large carnivores are crucial for their successful conservation and management.
It provides an overview of theoretical and methodological perspectives,
heterogeneity in stakeholder perceptions and behaviour as well as developments
in decision making, stakeholder involvement, policy and governance informed
by human dimensions of large carnivore conservation and management. The
scope is international, with detailed examples and case studies from Europe,
North and South America, Central and South Asia, as well as debates of the
challenges faced by urbanization, agricultural expansion, national parks and
protected areas. The main species covered include bears, wolves, lynx and
leopards.
The book provides a novel perspective for advanced students, researchers
and professionals in ecology and conservation, wildlife management, human-
wildlife interactions, environmental education and environmental social science.
Tasos Hovardas is the Human Dimensions Expert of CALLISTO – Wildlife
and Nature Conservation Society, and through CALLISTO, he is providing
consultancy services to the EU Platform on Coexistence between People and
Large Carnivores. Tasos acts as Editor-in-Chief of Society & Natural Resources
(2017–2020), together with Prof. Linda Prokopy (2017–2020). He is an
Editorial Board Member of the Journal of Research in Science Teaching (2017–
2020) and a member of the Research in Science & Technology Education
Group at the University of Cyprus.
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Large Carnivore Conservation and Management
Human Dimensions
Edited by Tasos Hovardas
For more information on books in the Earthscan Studies in Natural Resource
Management series, please visit the series page on the Routledge website:
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Large Carnivore Conservation
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Human Dimensions
Edited by
Tasos Hovardas
First published 2018
by Routledge
VetBooks.ir 2an Pda brky SRqouuartele, dMgeilton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2018 selection and editorial matter, Tasos Hovardas; individual chapters,
the contributors
The right of Tasos Hovardas to be identified as the author of the editorial
material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted
in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Hovardas, Tasos, editor.
Title: Large carnivore conservation and management : human dimensions /
edited by Tasos Hovardas.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. |
Series: Earthscan studies in natural resource management | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018001463 | ISBN 9781138039995 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781315175454 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Carnivora—Conservation. | Predatory animals—
Conservation. | Wildlife conservation. | Conservation biology. |
Human-animal relationships.
Classification: LCC QL737.C2 L33587 2018 | DDC 599.7—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018001463
ISBN: 978-1-138-03999-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-17545-4 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Contents
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List of contributors viii
Preface xvi
PART I
Theoretical and methodological perspectives 1
1 Addressing human dimensions in large carnivore
conservation and management: insights from
environmental social science and social psychology 3
TASOS HOVARDAS
2 Research amidst the contentious issue of wolf
presence: exploration of reference frames and
social, cultural, and political dimensions 19
ANNELIE SJÖLANDER-LINDQVIST, ANNA BENDZ, SERENA CINQUE,
AND CAMILLA SANDSTRÖM
3 Socio-political illegal acts as a challenge for wolf
conservation and management: implications for
legitimizing traditional hunting practices 37
MARI POHJA-MYKRÄ
4 Situated, reflexive research in practice: applying
feminist methodology to a study of human-bear conflict 58
CATHERINE JAMPEL
5 A methodology for stakeholder analysis, consultation
and engagement in large carnivore conservation and
management 79
TASOS HOVARDAS
vi Contents
PART II
Heterogeneity in perceptions of and behaviour
towards large carnivores 97
Books.ir
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reintroduction of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) to the UK 99
STEVEN LIPSCOMBE, CHRIS WHITE, ADAM EAGLE AND
ERWIN VAN MAANEN
7 Heterogeneity in perceptions of large carnivores:
insights from Sanjay Gandhi National Park,
Mumbai, and Ladakh 132
SUNETRO GHOSAL
8 Considering wolves as active agents in understanding
stakeholder perceptions and developing management
strategies 147
NICOLAS LESCUREUX, LAURENT GARDE, AND MICHEL MEURET
9 Attitudes towards large carnivore species in the West
Carpathians: shifts in public perception and media
content after the return of the wolf and the bear 168
MIROSLAV KUTAL, PETR KOVAŘÍK, LEONA KUTALOVÁ, MICHAL
BOJDA, AND MARTINA DUŠKOVÁ
10 Rural-urban heterogeneity in attitudes towards large
carnivores in Sweden, 1976–2014 190
GÖRAN ERICSSON, CAMILLA SANDSTRÖM AND SHAWN J. RILEY
11 Challenging the false dichotomy of Us vs. Them:
Heterogeneity in stakeholder identities regarding
carnivores 206
MICHELLE L. LUTE AND MEREDITH L. GORE
PART III
Decision-making, stakeholder involvement, and policy
in large carnivore conservation and management 225
12 Inappropriate consideration of animal interests in
predator management: towards a comprehensive
moral code 227
FRANCISCO J. SANTIAGO-ÁVILA, WILLIAM S. LYNN, AND
ADRIAN TREVES
Contents vii
13 Science, society, and snow leopards: bridging the
divides through collaborations and best practice
Books.ir cCoHnARvUerDgUeTnTc Me ISHRA, JUSTINE SHANTI ALEXANDER, YASH 252
Vet
VEER BHATNAGAR, ÖRJAN JOHANSSON, KOUSTUBH SHARMA,
KULBHUSHANSINGH R. SURYAWANSHI, MUHAMMAD ALI NAWAZ,
AND GUSTAF SAMELIUS
14 Between politics and management: governing large
carnivores in Fennoscandia 269
CAMILLA SANDSTRÖM, ANNELIE SJÖLANDER-LINDQVIST, JANI
PELLIKKA, JUHA HIEDANPÄÄ, OLVE KRANGE, AND KETIL SKOGEN
15 Trans-boundary and trans-regional management of a
large carnivore: managing brown bears across national
and regional borders in Europe 291
VINCENZO PENTERIANI, DJURO HUBER, KLEMEN JERINA, MIHA
KROFEL, JOSÉ VICENTE LÓPEZ-BAO, ANDRÉS ORDIZ, ALEJANDRA
ZARZO-ARIAS, AND FREDRIK DALERUM
16 Good practice in large carnivore conservation and
management: insights from the EU Platform on
Coexistence between People and Large Carnivores 314
TASOS HOVARDAS AND KATRINA MARSDEN
Index 338
Contributors
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Justine Shanti Alexander works to protect wildlife and wild spaces in
high altitude areas of Asia. She works for the Snow Leopard Trust as their
Regional Ecologist and is involved in research, conservation and capacity
building initiatives supporting national teams in China and Mongolia.
Anna Bendz is a Researcher and Senior Lecturer at the department of Politi-
cal Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Apart from wolf policy and
opinion, her research interests concern drinking water risk management and
welfare policy/welfare public opinion.
Yash Veer Bhatnagar has been involved in snow leopard research and conser-
vation for nearly 25 years and assists governments and conservation organi-
zations in creating and implementing snow leopard conservation plans. He
is a senior scientist at the Snow Leopard Trust and the Nature Conservation
Foundation.
Michal Bojda has worked as a field biologist and educator with Friends of
the Earth Czech Republic since 2008. He focuses on field monitoring of
large carnivores, educational programmes about large carnivores for schools
and communication with different stakeholders such as farmers and hunters.
Serena Cinque has a PhD in public administration at the University of Goth-
enburg, Sweden. Her research interests focus on implementation of political
decisions in natural resource management particularly regarding the exercise
of administrative discretion by regulatory agencies.
Fredrik Dalerum is a Research Fellow at the Research Unit of Biodiversity,
University of Oviedo, Spain. He is also affiliated with University of Preto-
ria (South Africa) and Stockholm University (Sweden). He is a terrestrial
ecologist who focuses his research on the biology and conservation of mam-
malian carnivores, functional aspects of biodiversity and general issues of
conservation and environmental sustainability.
Martina Dušková works as a Czech-English translator. She has been partici-
pating in the large carnivore monitoring programme in the West Carpathi-
ans since 2014.
Contributors ix
Adam Eagle is a lawyer and an associate at the international law firm Clifford
Chance LLP. He has provided legal advice to numerous wildlife conserva-
tion charities, specifically in the areas of species reintroductions and interna-
Books.ir tional treaties on wildlife conservation. He has acted as project manager on
Vet a number of rewilding projects, and has a specific interest in landscape scale
ecosystem restoration.
Göran Ericsson is the chaired professor in Wildlife Ecology in the Depart-
ment of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies at the Swedish Univer-
sity of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in Umeå. He earned a PhD from SLU,
and B.S and M.S. degrees from Uppsala University, Sweden. In 2001–2002,
he was a Senior Fulbright Fellow at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
(USA). He is one of the European forerunners of research and teaching in
Human Dimensions of Wildlife Conservation.
Laurent Garde has a PhD in Ecology and a Master’s degree in Human Sci-
ences. He is Deputy Director of the CERPAM (Centre d’Etudes et de
Realisations pastorales Alpes Méditerranée), the Agency for studies, support
and advisory to grazing livestock breeders in Provence and the Southern
Alps. Since 2004, he is member of the French National Wolf Group of
experts. His personal work focuses on the direct and indirect impacts of
predation and related constraints on livestock grazing systems, mostly in
Mediterranean and Alpine areas.
Sunetro Ghosal researches human-large carnivore relationships to help miti-
gate conflicts. He teaches courses on environment and development at St.
Xavier’s Autonomous College, Mumbai, and Norwegian University of Life
Sciences, Ås (Aas), and is currently serving as editor of Stawa and Ladakh
Studies.
Meredith L. Gore is an Associate Professor in the Department of Fisheries &
Wildlife at Michigan State University (East Lansing, Michigan, USA) and
Jefferson Science Fellow with the US Department of State. She is a con-
servation social scientist whose interdisciplinary research explores relation-
ships between human behavior and the environment. Most recently, she has
helped lead development of the interdisciplinary framework, conservation
criminology, for understanding environmental risks. She is a MSU Global
Research Fellow and Past President of the Society for Conservation Biol-
ogy’s Social Science Working Group.
Juha Hiedanpää acts as Research Professor at the Natural Resources Institute
Finland (Luke). He is an environmental economist, environmental policy
scientist and a specialist of wildlife and forest biodiversity policy and govern-
ance issues.
Tasos Hovardas is the Human Dimensions Expert of CALLISTO – Wildlife
and Nature Conservation Society, and through CALLISTO, he is providing
consultancy services to the EU Platform on Coexistence between People