Large Animal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians

456 Pages·2014·6.48 MB·English

by  Laura Lien

LARGE ANIMAL
MEDICINE
VETERINARY
FOR
TECHNICIANS
EDITED BY
LAURA LIEN, SUE LOLY
AND SHERYL FERGUSON

Large Animal Medicine
HHaallffTTiittllee
for Veterinary Technicians

Large Animal Medicine
TTiittllee
for Veterinary Technicians
Edited by
AAuutthhoorr
Laura Lien, MS, CVT, VTS (LAIM)
AAuutthhoorr
AAfffifi lliiaattiioonnss Instructional Laboratory Planner
Madison Area Technical College
Madison, WI
Sue Loly, LVT, VTS (EVN)
Large Animal Hospital Technical Supervisor
University of Minnesota
Veterinary Medical Center
St. Paul, MN
Sheryl Ferguson, CVT, VTS (LAIM)
Large Animal Hospital Manager
University of Minnesota
Veterinary Medical Center
St. Paul, MN
This edition first published 2014 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Editorial offices: 1606 Golden Aspen Drive, Suites 103 and 104, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK
For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply
for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/
wiley-blackwell.
Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific
clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright
Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been
granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been arranged. The fee codes for
users of the Transactional Reporting Service are ISBN-13: 978-1-1183-4671-6/2014.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand
names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor
mentioned in this book.
The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and
discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting
a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by health science practitioners for any particular patient.
The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or
completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without
limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research,
equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information
relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the
information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for,
among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and
precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or
Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not
mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide
or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this
work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No
warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher
nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Large animal medicine for veterinary technicians / [edited by] Laura Lien, Sue Loly, Sheryl Ferguson.
1 online resource.
Includes index.
Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed.
ISBN 978-1-118-76722-1 (Adobe PDF) – ISBN 978-1-118-76725-2 (ePub) –
ISBN 978-1-118-34671-6 (pbk.) 1. Veterinary medicine. I. Lien, Laura, editor of compilation.
II. Loly, Sue, editor of compilation. III. Ferguson, Sheryl, editor of compilation.
[DNLM: 1. Veterinary Medicine–methods. 2. Animal Diseases. 3. Animal Technicians. 4. Horses.
5. Ruminants. 6. Swine. SF 745]
SF745
636.089–dc23
2013045868
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may
not be available in electronic books.
Cover design by Maggie Voss and Andy Meaden
Set in 10/12pt Sabon LT Std by Aptara® Inc., New Delhi, India
1 2014
Contents
Contributors ix Basic Behavior of Large Animals 39
Preface xi Small Ruminant Restraint 41
Abbreviations xii Camelid Restraint 45
About the Companion Website xiv Bovine Restraint 48
Equine Restraint 54
Chapter 1 Swine Restraint 61
References 62
Hospital Biosecurity 1
Chapter 3
Leslie Hiber
Introduction 2 History 65
Cycle of Infection 2
Stacie K. Seymour
Transmission 4
Patient Placement in the Hospital 7 Introduction 65
Proper Gowning Techniques 10 Ruminants 68
Hand Hygiene 13 Camelids 70
Disinfection and Sterilization 15 Equine 70
Hospital Management 19 Porcine 73
Infection Control Programs 20 Multiple Species Management 75
Surveillance 22 References 75
Multidrug Resistant Organisms, Methicillin Resistant
Staphylococcus sp., and Zoonotic Diseases 23
Chapter 4
Zoonotic Diseases 24
Summary 24 Physical Exam 77
References 24
Scott R. R. Haskell, Bonnie L. Loghry, Carrie J. Finno,
Kristen Wegner, Jamie DeFazio, William Gilsenan,
Chapter 2
Amy L. Johnson
Restraint 29 Introduction 78
Food Animal Physical Exam 80
Ann Elizabeth Goplen, Sergio Gonzales, Sheryl
Equine Physical Exam 89
Ferguson, Darcy DeCrescenza, Laura Lien
The Equine Pain Score 98
Introduction 30 Summary 103
Knots 30 References 103
v
vi Contents
Chapter 5 Transtracheal Wash 215
References 216
Nutrition 107
Chapter 8
Kara M. Burns
Introduction 107 Medical Imaging 221
Equine Nutrition 110
Myra F. Barrett, Kurt Selberg, Sheryl Ferguson,
Cattle Nutrition 125
Joann Slack, Susan Steward
Camelid Nutrition 126
Sheep and Goat Nutrition 127 Introduction 222
Swine Nutrition 136 Safety and Quality 222
Summary 141 Radiography 222
References 141 Nuclear Scintigraphy 245
Ultrasonography 248
Chapter 6
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 255
Computed Tomography 256
Clinical Procedures 145
References 258
Annette M. McCoy, Erica McKenzie, Sue Loly
Chapter 9
Introduction 146
Venous Catheterization 146
Reproduction 261
Arterial Catheterization 149
Urinary Catheterization 150 Harry Momont, Celina M. Checura
Tracheostomy 151
Introduction 261
Blood Products and Administration 153
Anatomy and Physiology of Reproduction 262
Medication Administration 155
Clinical Examination of the Male and
Fluid Administration 162
Female for Breeding Soundness 269
Intraosseous Administration 165
Reproductive Disorders 273
Nasogastric and Orogastric Intubation 166
Reproductive Management 274
Transfaunation 169
References 277
Ongoing Monitoring 170
Nursing Care for the Recumbent Patient 171
Chapter 10
Dentistry 176
References 177
Neonatology 279
Chapter 7
Laura Lien
Diagnostic Procedures 181 Introduction 279
Perinatal Period 280
Sue Loly, Joann Slack, Laura Lien, Rolf B. Modesto,
Neonatal Infections 282
Sheryl Ferguson
Premature Neonates 285
Introduction 182 Nursing Care 288
Abdominocentesis 182 References 292
Arthrocentesis 184
Bronchiolar Alveolar Lavage (BAL) 185 Chapter 11
Biopsies 186
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Tap (CSF) 193 Diseases 295
Coagulation Studies 195
Fernando J. Marqués, William Gilsenan, Amy L.
Dermatology 197
Johnson, Shirley Sandoval, Sian Durward-Akhurst,
Electrocardiogram 199
Stephanie Rutten-Ramos, Sue Loly, Heather Hopkinson
Endoscopy 209
Milk Cultures 212 Disease 295
Thoracocentesis 213 Actinobacillus Pleuropneumonia (APP) 296
Contents vii
Acute Hypocalcemia (Milk fever) 297 Entropion 339
Anaplamosis 297 Erysipelas 340
Anemia 298 Escherichia coli 341
Anterior Uveitis 299 Exertional Rhabdomyolysis (ER; a.k.a.,
Anthrax 300 Monday Morning Disease, azoturia,
Ascaridiasis 302 Equine rhabdomyolysis syndrome,
Atrophic Rhinitis 302 tying-up, chronic exertional
Bacillary Hemoglobinuria (a.k.a., Red Water rhabdomyolysis) 342
Disease, clostridial hepatitis) 303 Fescue Toxicity 343
Blackleg 304 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) 344
Bloat (Ruminal tympany) 305 Foot Rot 345
Blue Tongue (a.k.a., BTV, Catarral Fever) 306 Grass Tetany 345
Botulism 307 Guttural Pouch Empyema 346
Bovine Coronavirus (BCV) 309 Guttural Pouch Mycosis 347
Bovine Herpes Virus 1 Infection (Infectious Haemophilus parasuis (Glässer’s Disease) 348
Bovine Rhinotracheitis [IBR]) 309 Head Trauma 348
Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV); Adult Hepatic Encephalopathy 350
Lymphosarcoma 310 Hog Cholera (Classical Swine Fever) 351
Bovine Papular Stomatitis (BPS) 311 Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) 351
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) 312 Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Brucellosis 314 (IBK, “Pink eye”) 353
Calf Scours 314 Influenza 354
Campylobacteriosis 315 Iodine Deficiency 354
Cancer Eye Ocular Squamous Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis) 355
Cell Carcinoma (SCC) 316 Ketosis 356
Candidiasis (Thrush) 317 Laminitis 357
Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) 317 Leptospirosis 358
Cervical Vertebral Stenotic Myelopathy Lice 359
(CVSM, a.k.a., Wobbler’s Syndrome) 318 Leukoencephalomalacia
Choke 320 (Moldy Corn Disease) 360
Chorioptic Mange 321 Listeriosis 361
Clostridium perfringens Diarrhea 322 Lumpy Jaw (Actinomycosis) 362
Coccidiosis 323 Malignant Hyperthermia (Porcine Stress
Colitis 324 Syndrome) 363
Contagious Ecthyma (a.k.a., Orf, SoreMouth) 325 Mastitis 364
Corneal Ulceration 325 Melanoma 365
Demodectic Mange, Demodicosis 326 Neosporosis 366
Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM) 327 Ovine Progressive Pneumonia
Digital Dermatitis (Hairy heel wart, (OPP), Maedi 367
Papillomatous digital dermatitis, Parelaphostrongylosis 367
Mortellaro’s disease) 328 Pasteurella Pneumonia 368
Eperythrozoonosis 329 Phenylbutazone Toxicity 369
Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy Polioencephalomalacia 370
(EDM) 330 Polyneuritis Equi (Cauda Equina Neuritis) 371
Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome 331 Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy
Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (a.k.a., PSSM, EPSM, EPSSM) 372
(EHM) 332 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory
Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) 334 Syndrome (PRRS) 373
Equine Motor Neuron Disease (EMND) 335 Potomac Horse Fever (a.k.a., Equine
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) 336 Monocytic Ehrlichiosis, Equine Ehrlichial
Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) 337 Colitis, Ditch fever, PHF) 374
Equine Viral Encephalitides (EEE, WEE, VEE) 338 Precocious Udder (Inappropriate Lactation) 375
viii Contents
Pseudorabies (PRV, Aujeszky’s disease) 376 Swine Influenza 389
Psoroptic Mange (Common Sheep Scab) 376 Tetanus 389
Pulpy Kidney Disease (Type D enterotoxemia, Trichomoniasis 391
overeating disease) 377 Ulcerative Dermatosis 391
Q Fever 378 Urolithiasis 392
Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO, a.k.a., Vesicular Stomatitis 394
heaves or chronic obstructive Warts (Cutaneous papillomas) 395
pulmonary disease) 379 West Nile Virus Infection (WNV) 395
Rabies 380 White Muscle Disease 397
Ringworm (Dermatophytosis) 381 Wooden Tongue (Actinobacilosis) 397
Salmonellosis 382 References 398
Sarcoptic Mange 383
Scrapie 384 Multiple Choice Questions Answer Bank 405
Septic Arthritis 385 “Test Your Learning” Answer Bank 411
Sheep and Goat Pox 385 Glossary of Terms 419
Strangles 386 Index 427
Streptococcal Infections 388