Languages In The World: How History, Culture, and Politics Shape Language

724 Pages·2016·4.7 MB·English

by  Andersen J.T.

Languages in the World
How History, Culture, and Politics
Shape Language
Julie Tetel Andresen
Phillip M. Carter
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Andresen, JАlie Tetel, (cid:861)(cid:869)(cid:865)(cid:860)– aАthor.
LangАages in the world : how history, cАltАre, and politics shape langАage /
(cid:863)
JАlie Tetel Andresen and Phillip M. Carter.
pages cm
)nclАdes bibliographical references and index.
)SBN (cid:869)(cid:867)(cid:868)-(cid:861)-(cid:861)(cid:861)(cid:868)-(cid:865)(cid:863)(cid:861)(cid:862)(cid:865)-(cid:869) (cid:523)cloth(cid:524) – )SBN (cid:869)(cid:867)(cid:868)-(cid:861)-(cid:861)(cid:861)(cid:868)-(cid:865)(cid:863)(cid:861)(cid:862)(cid:868)-(cid:860) (cid:523)pbk.(cid:524) (cid:861). LangАage and
langАages–Globalization. (cid:862). LangАage and cАltАre–(istory. (cid:863). LangАages in
contact. (cid:864). (istorical lingАistics. (cid:865). SociolingАistics. ). Carter, Phillip M.
aАthor. )). Title.
P(cid:861)(cid:863)(cid:860).(cid:865).A(cid:865)(cid:863) (cid:862)(cid:860)(cid:861)(cid:866)
(cid:863)(cid:860)(cid:866).(cid:864)(cid:864)–dc(cid:862)(cid:863)
(cid:862)(cid:860)(cid:861)(cid:865)(cid:860)(cid:861)(cid:869)(cid:863)(cid:865)(cid:862)
A catalogАe record for this book is aБailable from the British Library.
(cid:864)
Contents
Map (cid:860).(cid:861) World map with langАage families
FigАre (cid:860).(cid:861) )PA consonants
FigАre (cid:860).(cid:862) )PA Бowels
AboАt the Website
Preface
To OАr Readers
Part ) LingАistic Preliminaries
)ntrodАctory Note: On LangАage
(cid:861) All LangАages Were Once Spanglish
The Mexican State of CoahАila y Tejas
What )s LangАage?
(ow Many LangАages Are There?
(ow and When Did LangАage Get Started?
The StrАctАre of Spanglish
Final Note: The EncoАnter of Spanish and English on
TeleБision in the United States
Exercises
DiscАssion QАestions
Notes
References
FАrther Reading
(cid:862) The LangАage Loop
The AАstralian WalkaboАt
)ntrodАcing the LangАage Loop
LangАage and Cognition
(cid:865)
LangАage, the World, and CАltАre
LangАage and LingАistic StrАctАre
LangАage, DiscoАrse, and )deology
On Major and Minor LangАages
Final Note: The Contingencies of Time, Place, and
Biology
Exercises
DiscАssion QАestions
Notes
References
FАrther Reading
(cid:863) LingАistics and Classification
The Role of Sanskrit in Philology
Of LingАistics, Philology, LingАists, and Grammarians
Genetic Classification
Areal Classification
Typological Classification
FАnctional Classification
Final Note: The Role of Sanskrit in )ndia Today
Exercises
DiscАssion QАestions
Notes
References
FАrther Reading
Part )) Effects of Power
)ntrodАctory Note: On Power
(cid:864) Effects of the Nation-State and the Possibility of
KАrdistan
(cid:866)
Lines Are Drawn in the Sand
The StatАs of LangАage on the EБe of the Nation-State
The Epistemology of the Nation-State
The French ReБolАtion, German Romanticism, and
Print Capitalism
Standardization and the )nstilling of Vergonha
LangАage and )ndiБidАal )dentity
What's Race Got to Do with )t?
The Problematic Race–Nation–LangАage Triad
Final Note: The KАrds Today – Different Places,
Different OАtcomes
LangАage Profile: KАrdî / [KАrdish (cid:523))ndo-
EАropean(cid:524)]
Exercises
DiscАssion QАestions
Notes
References
FАrther Reading
(cid:865) The DeБelopment of Writing in the LitmАs of Religion
and Politics
The Story of the QАr'Лn
Magico-ReligioАs )nterpretations of the Origins of
Writing
Steps Toward the Representation of Speech
Types of Writing Systems
Religion and the Spread of Writing Systems
The Always Already )nterБention of Politics
Orality and Literacy
(cid:867)
Final Note: Azerbaijan AchieБes Alphabetic
AАtonomy
LangАage Profile: [Arabic (cid:523)Afro-Asiatic(cid:524)]
Exercises
DiscАssion QАestions
Notes
References
FАrther Reading
(cid:866) LangАage Planning and LangАage Law
Melting Snow and Protests at the Top of the World
LangАage Academies: The First Enforcers
Another Look at PrescriptiБism
Making LangАage Official: A Tale of Three Patterns
LangАage Policy and EdАcation: A Similar Tale of
Three Patterns
LangАage Planners and LangАage Police
Final Note: Choosing Death or Life
LangАage Profile: [Tibetan (cid:523)Sino-Tibetan(cid:524)]
Exercises
DiscАssion QАestions
Notes
References
FАrther Reading
Part ))) Effects of MoБement
)ntrodАctory Note: On MoБement
(cid:867) A Mobile (istory
AАstronesian Origin Stories
PopАlation Genetics and Links to LangАage
(cid:868)
A Possible Polynesian ReconstrАction
LingАistic ReconstrАctions ReБisited
Proto-)ndo-EАropean and )ts (omeland
Other LangАage Stocks and Their (omelands
Models of Spread
Lost Tracks
Final Note: On Density and DiБersity
LangАage Profile: (cid:494)Olelo (awai(cid:494)i [(awaiian
(cid:523)AАstronesian(cid:524)]
Exercises
DiscАssion QАestions
Notes
References
FАrther Reading
(cid:868) Colonial ConseqАences
Eiffel Towers in Vietnam
Time-Depths and Terminology
The Middle Kingdom: GoБernment-EncoАraged
Migrations
LingАistic Geography: ResidАal Zones and Spread
Zones
Spreading EАrasian Empires: The Persians, Mongols,
SlaБs, and Romans
Religions as First Nations and Missionaries as
Colonizers
English as an Emergent LangАage Family
Final Note: Creoles and the Case of Kreyлl Ayisyen
LangАage Profile: Tiéng Việt [Vietnamese (cid:523)AАstro-
Asiatic(cid:524)]
(cid:869)
Exercises
DiscАssion QАestions
Notes
References
FАrther Reading
(cid:869) Postcolonial Complications
Tamil Tigers Create New Terrorist TechniqАes
What's in a Name? BАrma/Myanmar
Modern SАdan: The Clash of Two Colonialisms
The CaАcasian QАasi-States: Two Types of Conflict
Poland's Shifting Borders
Terrorism on the )berian PeninsАla: BasqАe and the
ETA
QАébécois ConscioАsness and the TАrbАlent (cid:861)(cid:869)(cid:866)(cid:860)s
The Zapatista Uprising and )ndigenoАs LangАages in
Chiapas
Final Note: The Parsley Massacre in the Dominican
RepАblic
LangАage Profile: Tamil (cid:523)DraБidian(cid:524)
Exercises
DiscАssion QАestions
Notes
References
FАrther Reading
Part )V Effects of Time
)ntrodАctory Note: On Time
(cid:861)(cid:860) The Remote Past
Look There!
Seeking LingАistic Bedrock
(cid:861)(cid:860)