Table Of ContentLANGUAGES
FOR AUTOMATION
MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
EDITORIAL BOARD:
A. Bensoussan, Le Chesnay, France Y. Oishi, Tokyo, Japan
S. K. Chang, Chicago, Illinois N. Muller, Osnabrii.ck, Federal
H. W. Gottinger, Bielefeld, Federal Republic of Germany
Republic of Germany G. Pask, RIchmond, England
M. D. Intriligator, Los Angeles, D. W. Peterson, Durham,
California North Carolina
R. E. Kalman, Zurich, Switzerland M. Thoma, Hannover, Federal
R. Kling, Irvine, California Republic of Germany
A. Klinger, Los Angeles, California P. P. Wang, Durham, North Carolina
R. W. Liu, South Bend, Indiana A. B. Whinston, West Lafayette,
T. Marschak, Berkeley, California Indiana
B. H. McCormick, College StatIOn, L. A. Zadeh, Berkeley, California
Texas
R. Michalski, Urbana-Champaign,
Illznois
MANAGEMENT AND OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Edited by Shi-Kuo Chang
LANGUAGES FOR AUTOMATION
Edited by Shi-Kuo Chang
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of
each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment.
For further information please contact the publisher.
LANGUAGES
FOR AUTOMATION
Edited by
SHI-KUQ CHANG
Illinois Institute oj Technology
Chicago, Illinois
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA. LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Languages for automation.
(Management and information systems)
"Originally presented at the 1983 IEEE Workshop on Languages for Automation
held at Chicago, and the 1984 IEEE Workshop on Languages for Automation held at
New Orleans"-P.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Automation-Congresses. 2. Office practice-Automation-Congresses. 3. Pro
gramming languages (Electronic computers)-Congresses. I. Chang, S. K. (Shi Kuo),
1944- . II. IEEE Workshop on Languages for Automation (1983: Chicago, Ill.)
III. IEEE Workshop on Languages for Automation (1984: New Orleans, La.) IV.
Series.
T59.5.L36 1985 005 85-17032
ISBN 978-1-4757-l390-9 ISBN 978-1-4757-1388-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-l388-6
© 1985 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1985
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1985
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
CONTRIBUTORS
MARTIN L. BARIFF • Stuart School of Business Administration, Illinois Institute of Technology,
Chicago, Illinois
ALEJANDRO P. BUCHMANN • IIMAS, National University of Mexico, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
STEVEN D. BURD • Anderson School of Management, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque,
New Mexico
C. R. CARLSON • Computer Science Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
G. CASTELLI. Instituto di Cibernetica, Universita di Milano, Milano, Italy
P. CHAN. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, IllinOIs Institute of Technology,
Chicago, Illinois
S. K. CHANG • Department of Electncal and Computer Engineerzng, Illinois Institute of Technol
ogy, Chicago, IllinoIS
MING-YANG CHERN • Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer SCIence, Northwest-
ern UniversIty, Evanston, Illinois
F. DE CINDIO • Instituto di Cibernetica, Universzta di MIlano, MIlano, Italy
G. DE MICHELIS • Instituto di Cibernetica, Universita di Milano, Milano, Italy
T. D. DONNADIEU • Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of
Technology, Chicago, Illinois
CLARENCE A. ELLIS. Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto California and Stanford University, Stan-
ford, CalifornIa
K. S. FU • School of Electncal Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
S. FUJITA • Toshiba Research and Development Center, Kanagawa, japan
J. MIGUEL GERZSO • IIMAS, National UnIVersity of MeXICO, MeXICO, D.F., MeXICO
JOEL D. GOLDHAR • Stuart School of BUSiness AdminIstration, Illinois InstItute of Technology,
Chicago, IllinoIS
KLAUS D. GUNTHER. Gesellschaft fur MathematIk und Datenverarbeltung, Institut fur System
technzk, Dannstadt, Federal Republic of Gennany
PEl-CHING HWANG. Phoenix Data Systems, Albany, New York
THEA IBERALL • Department of Computer SCIence, Unzversity of Massachusetts, Amherst,
Massachusetts
MA TIHIAS JARKE • Graduate School of Business AdminIStration, New York University, New
York, New York
TOHRU KIKUNO • Faculty of Engineering, HiroshIma University, Higashi-HIroshima, japan
K. KISHIMOTO • Department of Circuits and Systems, Hiroshima UniverSIty, Hagashi-Hiro
shima, japan
GARY D. KIMURA. Department of Computer Science, UnIVersity of Washington, Seattle,
Washington
HIROSHI KOTERA • Visual Communication Development Division, Yokosuka Electronzc Com
munzcations Laboratory, Kanagawa, japan
JAMES A. LARSON. Honeywell Computer SCIences Center, Bloomington, Minnesota
V
VI CONTRIBUTORS
C. S. GEORGE LEE. School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IndI-
ana
Y. C. LEE. School of Electrzcal Engineering, Purdue UnIVersity, West Lafayette, Indiana
L. LEUNG. Gould Research Center, Rolling Meadows, IllinoIs
DAMIAN LYONS. Department of Computer Science, UniverSIty of Massachusetts, Amherst,
Massachusetts
MARK C. MALETZ • Inference Corporation, Los Angeles, California
LEO MARK • Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
JAVIER MARTINEZ • Departamento de Automatlca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
F. MONTENOISE • Department of Electrical and Computer Engineerzng, IllinOIS Institute of
Technology, Chicago, IllinoIs
KAZUNARI NAKANE • Visual Communication Development DivisIOn, Yokosuka Electronic Com
munications Laboratory, Kanagawa, japan
K. ONAGA. Department of Circuits and Systems, Hiroshima Unzverslty, Higashi-HIroshima,
japan
S.OYANAGI • ToshIba Research and Development Center, Kanagawa,japan
SHUH-SHEN PAN. Bell CommunicatIOns Research, Holmdel, New jersey
CHRISTOS A.PAPACHRISTOU • Computer Engineering and Science Department, 'Case West
ern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
NICK ROUSSOPOULOS • Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland
H. SAKAI • Toshiba Research and Development Center, Kanagawa, japan
YOSHINORI SAKAI. VIsual Communication Development DiviSIOn, Yokosuka Electronzc Com
munications Laboratory, Kanagawa, japan
SOL M. SHATZ • Department of Electrzcal Engineering and Computer Science, Unzverslty of Illi
nois, Chicago, Illinois
ALAN C. SHAW. Department of Computer SCIence, University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington
MANUEL SILVA • Departamento de Automatica, Universldad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
C. SIMONE. Instituto di Cibernetica, Universita di Milano, Milano, Italy
EDWARD STOHR. Graduate Scnool of Business AdminIstration, New York Unzverszty, New
York, New York
KAZUO SUGIHARA. Faculty of Engineerzng, Hiroshima Unzversity, HigashI-HiroshIma, japan
A. TANAKA. ToshIba Research and Development Center, Kanagawa,japan
T. TANAKA • Toshiba Research and Development Center, Kanagawa, japan
MASAO TOGAWA • Visual Communzcation Development DiviSIOn, Yokosuka Electronic Com
munzcations Laboratory, Kanagawa, japan
JON TURNER • Graduate School of Business AdminzstratlOn, New York UnIVersity, New York,
New York
H. UTSUNOMIYA • Department of CIrCUIts and Systems, Hiroshima Unzverslty, Higashi-Hiro
shima, japan
YANNIS VASSILIOU • Graduate School of Business AdministratIOn, New York University, New
York, New York
JENNIFER B. WALLICK. Honeywell Computer ScIences Center, Bloomington, Minnesota
ANDREW B. WHINSTON • Krannert Graduate School of Management, Purdue UnIVersity, West
Lafayette, Indiana
NORMAN WHITE. Graduate School of Business AdministratIOn, New York University, New
York, New York
NORIYOSHI YOSHIDA • Faculty of Engineenng, HIroshIma Unzverslty, HigashI-HIroshIma,
japan
STANLEY B. ZDONIK • Department of Computer Science, Brown University, PrOVIdence, Rhode
Island
PREFACE
Two central ideas in the movement toward advanced automation systems
are the office-of-the-future (or office automation system), and the factory
of-the-future (or factory automation system).
An office automation system is an integrated system with diversified
office equipment, communication devices, intelligent terminals, intelligent
copiers, etc., for providing information management and control in a dis
tributed office environment. A factory automation system is also an inte
grated system with programmable machine tools, robots, and other pro
cess equipment such as new "peripherals," for providing manufacturing
information management and control.
Such advanced automation systems can be regarded as the response
to the demand for greater variety, greater flexibility, customized designs,
rapid response, and 'Just-in-time" delivery of office services or manufac
tured goods. The economy of scope, which allows the production of a vari
ety of similar products in random order, gradually replaces the economy
of scale derived from overall volume of operations.
In other words, we are gradually switching from the production of
large volumes of standard products to systems for the production of a wide
variety of similar products in small batches. This is the phenomenon of
"demassification" of the marketplace, as described by Alvin Toffier in The
Third Wave.
A common theme for such integrated, advanced automation systems
is the need for "languages" -languages for man-machine communica
tion, languages for describing office procedures, languages for describing
design processes, languages for specifying manufacturing processes, lan
guages for modeling, and languages for controlling robots. The study of
languages for automation, therefore, becomes a vital research topic in
advanced automation.
This book is the second volume in the series of books on Management
and Information Systems. It includes several invited tutorials, and selected
papers that were originally presented at the 1983 IEEE Workshop on Lan-
VII
viii PREFACE
guages for Automation held at Chicago, and the 1984 IEEE Workshop on
Languages for Automation held at New Orleans.
Twenty-five papers written by international experts cover the various
aspects of languages for automation: office automation languages, data
base query languages, natural language query processing, object manage
ment, database management, communication management for distributed
systems, robotics languages, CAD/CAM languages, and implications of
advanced automation for corporate management.
s.
K. Chang
CONTENTS
PART I
OFFICE AUTOMATION
1. OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS OVERVIEW Clarence A. Ellis 3
2. LOGIC PROGRAMMING TAILORED FOR OFFICE PROCEDURE
AUTOMATION Klaus D. Gunther 27
3. OPAL: AN OFFICE PROCEDURE AUTOMATION LANGUAGE FOR
LOCAL AREA NETWORK ENVIRONMENTS VIA ACTIVE MAILING
AND PROGRAM DISPATCHING K. Kishimoto, K. Onaga, and H.
Utsunomiya 67
4. TOOLS FOR FORMS ADMINISTRATORS James A. Larson and Jennifer B.
Wallick 95
5. A FORM-BASED LANGUAGE FOR OFFICE AUTOMATION S. Oyanagi,
H. Sakai, T. Tanaka, S. Fujita, and A. Tanaka 107
PART II
QUERY LANGUAGES
6. REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPING NATURAL LANGUAGE QUERY
APPLICATIONS Yannis Vassiliou, MatthiasJarke, Edward Stohr, Jon Turner,
and Norman White 123
7. SEMANTIC REPRESENTATIONS FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE QUERY
PROCESSING Steven D. Burd, Shuh-Shen Pan, and Andrew B. Whinston 143
8. DESIGN OF AN EASY-TO-USE QUERY LANGUAGE FOR OFFICE
AUTOMATION Kazuo Sugihara, Tohru Kikuno, and Noriyoshi Yoshida 163
PART III
DATA MANAGEMENT
9. THE STRUCTURE OF ABSTRACT DOCUMENT OBJECTS Gary D.
Kimura and Alan C. Shaw 179
10. AN OBJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OFFICE APPLICATIONS
Stanley B. Zdonik 197
IX
