Table Of ContentLanguage Variation – European Perspectives
Bernard J. Baars
Wright Institute, Berkeley, CA
Thomas C. Dalton
California Polytechnic Institute, San Luis Obispo, CA
Studies in Language Variation
The series aims to include empirical studies of linguistic variation as well as its description,
explanation and interpretation in structural, social and cognitive terms. The series will cover any
relevant subdiscipline: sociolinguistics, contact linguistics, dialectology, historical linguistics,
anthropology/anthropological linguistics. The emphasis will be on linguistic aspects and on the
interaction between linguistic and extralinguistic aspects — not on extralinguistic aspects (including
language ideology, policy etc.) as such.
Editors
Peter Auer Frans Hinskens Paul Kerswill
Universität Freiburg Meertens Instituut & Lancaster University
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
Editorial Board
Jannis K. Androutsopoulos Miklós Kontra
Leibniz Universität Hannover Loránd-Eötvös-University, Budapest
Arto Anttila Bernard Laks
Stanford University CNRS-Université Paris X Nanterre
Gaetano Berruto Maria-Rosa Lloret
L’Università di Torino Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Paul Boersma K. K. Luke
University of Amsterdam The University of Hong Kong
Jenny Cheshire Rajend Mesthrie
University of London University of Cape Town
Gerard Docherty Pieter Muysken
Newcastle University Radboud University Nijmegen
Penny Eckert Marc van Oostendorp
Stanford University Meertens Institute
William Foley Sali Tagliamonte
University of Sydney University of Toronto
Barbara Horvath Johan Taeldeman
University of Sydney University of Gent
Johannes Kabatek Oystein Vangsnes
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen University of Tromsø
Juhani Klemola Juan Villena
University of Tampere Universidad de Málaga
Volume 1
Language Variation – European Perspectives
Selected papers from the Third International Conference on Language Variation
in Europe (ICLaVE 3), Amsterdam, June 2005
Edited by Frans Hinskens
Language Variation –
European Perspectives
Selected papers from the Third International
Conference on Language Variation in Europe
(ICLaVE 3), Amsterdam, June 2005
Edited by
Frans Hinskens
Meertens Instituut & Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam / Philadelphia
TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
8
American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of
Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (3rd : 2005 : Amsterdam)
Language variation-European perspectives : selected papers from the Third
International Conference on Languagre Variation in Europe (ICLaVE 3),
Amsterdam, June 2005 / edited by Frans Hinskens.
p. cm. (Studies in Language Variation, issn 1872-9592 ; v. 1)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Language and languages--Variation--Congresses. 2. Europe--Languages--
Variation--Congresses. I. Hinskens, Frans. II. Title.
P120.V37I58 2006
417.2--dc22 2006051687
isbn 90 272 3481 7 (Hb; alk. paper)
© 2006 – John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any
other means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 36224 · 1020 me Amsterdam · The Netherlands
John Benjamins North America · P.O. Box 27519 · Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 · usa
Table of Contents
Twenty-five authors on twelve languages, sixteen language varieties, and 1
eighteen hundred and eighty-eight speakers
Frans Hinskens
Phrasal Verbs in Venetan and Regional Italian 9
Paola Benincà & Cecilia Poletto
Regional variation in intonation. Nuclear rising-falling contours in Cologne 23
German
Pia Bergmann
Internal and external factors for clitic-shape variation in North-Eastern Catalan 37
Elisenda Campmany
The native / non-native speaker distinction and the diversity of linguistic 53
profiles of young people in Swedish multilingual urban contexts
Kari Fraurud & Sally Boyd
Language acquisition in a multilingual society: a case study in Veneto, Italy 71
Anna Ghimenton & Jean-Pierre Chevrot
Regional accent in the German language area. How dialectally do German 83
police answer emergency calls?
Roland Kehrein
Sustainable Linguicism 97
Miklós Kontra
Phonetic variation in Tyneside: exploratory multivariate analysis of the 127
Newcastle Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English
Hermann Moisl, Warren Maguire & Will Allen
Production and judgment in childhood: the case of liaison in French 143
Aurélie Nardy & Stéphanie Barbu
Stereotypes and /n/ variation in Patra, Greece: results from a pilot study 153
Panayiotis A. Pappas
Modelling linguistic change. The past and the present of the future in 169
Brazilian Portuguese
Shana Poplack & Elisabete Malvar
The role of linguistic factors in the process of second dialect acquisition 201
Kathy Rys & Dries Bonte
vi
Folk views on linguistic variation and identities in the Belarusian-Russian 217
borderland
Marián Sloboda
Polarisation revisited 233
Johan Taeldeman
Ethnicity as a source of changes in the London vowel system 249
Eivind Torgersen, Paul Kerswill & Susan Fox
Levelling, koineization and their implications for bidialectism 265
Stavroula Tsiplakou, Andreas Papapavlou, Pavlos Pavlou
& Marianna Katsoyannou
Subject index 277
Twenty-five authors on twelve languages, sixteen language
varieties, and eighteen hundred and eighty-eight speakers
Frans Hinskens
Meertens Instituut (KNAW) and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
1. Foreword: background
From June 23 until 25, 2005, the third edition of the International Conference on
Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE 3) took place in Amsterdam. Over 160
linguists from 25 different countries participated in this conference, which was
sponsored by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), the
Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), the Meertens Instituut,
the Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication (ACLC) of the
Universiteit van Amsterdam, as well as the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. The
conference program featured 96 ‘regular talks’, which had been selected on the
basis of some 135 abstracts, 5 workshops with a total of 19 talks, and invited talks
by Miklós Kontra (Budapest), Shana Poplack (Ottawa) and Johan Taeldeman
(Ghent) — cf. the conference website www.iclave.org/2005/index.html, which
still contains all the abstracts.
The texts of the three invited talks, as well as the texts of 40 ‘regular talks’ and
workshop presentations were subsequently submitted for publication. From the
latter 40 texts, 13 have been selected for the present volume; the selection was
based on the extensive evaluations by an international group of reviewers. Each
paper was read, commented upon and evaluated by at least three reviewers; the
reviewers were: Sjef Barbiers, Hans Bennis, Ivo van Ginneken, Ton Goeman, Ben
Hermans, Aniek IJbema, Mathilde Jansen, Willy Jongenburger, Olaf Koeneman,
Wouter Kusters, Marika Lekakou, Alexandra Lenz, Marc van Oostendorp,
Gertjan Postma, Maike Prehn, Marco-René Spruit and the present author. The 13
selected papers as well as the texts of the contributions by the invited speakers,
which were all edited and partly rewritten in the Spring and Summer of 2006, are
presented in this volume.
The contributions by non-native speakers of English were corrected by Jeroen
van de Weijer. Aniek IJbema was singlehandedly responsible for the technical
realization of the book.
The remainder of this brief introduction is intended to provide a modest
overview of the contributions, to point out a few aspects which make these
contributions relevant to the overall issue of language variation in Europa at the
beginning of the 21st century, as well as to tie together some of the aspects of the
various studies.
2(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)Frans Hinskens
2. An overview
Table 1 contains very brief (and, inevitably, superficial) sketches of four main
aspects of the studies presented in the various contributions.
Table 1: Four aspects of the studies presented in this volume
author(s) lg variety lg phenomenon/-a method
component(s)
Benincà & Venetan syntax 2 classes of syntactic analysis;
Poletto Italian particle verbs perception tests (n subj = 22)
Bergmann Cologne intonation nuclear rise-fall conversation analysis;
German (phonetics, contours phonetic analyses of 350
phonology) utterances from 10 hrs of
spont. dialogue (from 6
interviews & episodes of a
reality TV show)
Campmany north-east. morpho- variation in shape dialect-geographical,
Catalan phonology, sg pron. and phonological, syntactic and
morphosyntax partitive clitics sociological analysis of
spontaneous speech data from
2 corpora (n spks = 32)
Fraurud & Sweden n.a. deconstruction of ‘linguistic profiling’
Boyd the concept of (categorizing for 15
‘native speaker’ background variables relevant
to nativeness) of 222 speakers
Ghimenton & Venetan, n.a. code choice and quantitative analysis of
Chevrot regional & dialect acquisition conversational child (2
standard sisters) and relatives’ (n = 13)
Italian speech
Kehrein regional phonology, several types of analyses of dialect features in
West Middle phonetics characteristics of and dialectality of a corpus
German regional standard (under construction) of
varieties emergency calls (n spks = 8)
Kontra standard morpho- awareness and production (oral sentence
Hungarian phonology, (over-)application completion) and evaluation
morphosyntax, of prescriptive (grammaticality judgments;
syntax standard norms correction) tasks (n subj =
832
Moisl et al. Tyneside phonetics sociological advanced exploratory
English classification of statistical analyses of speech
speakers data for 63 speakers
Nardy & standard late phonology social statistical analyses of data for
Barbu French and syntax differentiation in production and evalution of
the acquisition of 188 native French 2-6 year
obligatory & olds
variable liaison
Pappas Patras Greek phonetics, variability in statistical analyses of age &
phonology allophonic palatal sex distribution of the variants
/n/ (n spks = 21)
Twenty-five authors 3
Table 1 continued
author(s) lg variety lg phenomenon/-a method
component(s)
Poplack & 16th-20th morphosyntax diachronic quantitative sociolinguistic
Malvar century developments in analyses of data from plays
continental expression of (16th -20th c) and
& Brazilian future tense conversational speech (20th
Portuguese century)
Rys & Bonte Maldegem phonology internal factors statistical analyses of
Flemish affecting the elicitation data from 164
Dutch acquisition of a speakers
2nd dialect
Sloboda Belarusian n.a. folk linguistic interpretative sociological &
Russian classification of ethnographic analyses of
mixed & contact claims by 29 respondents
systems about language use & ling.
identity in the research area
Taeldeman Flemish & phonology geographical & geographical & internal
Brabantine linguistic distribution of phonological
Dutch continuity & dialect features &
abruptness development of both
compromise and polarized
variants
Torgersen & native & phonetics variability in the formant measurement of data
Kerwill ethnic realization of short from several speech corpora
London vowels from 1968 onward (n spks =
English 86)
Tsiplakou et Cypriot phonetics, consequences of diasystemic analysis of data
al. Greek morpho- the demise of the from intuitions, participant
phonology, separation observation and “preliminary
morphology, between standard testing with appr. 200 native
morpho-syntax, and Cypriot Greek speakers”
syntax, lexis
3. Overlap and complementarity in focus, research questions and approach
The languages covered by the studies in this volume represent the three main
European families: Germanic, Romance and Slavic, plus Greek and Hungarian. In
the absence of Brazilian material from the 16th to 18th century, Poplack & Malvar
had to base their diachronic analyses of the expression of future tense in Brazilian
Portuguese during this period on European Portuguese data (which is common
practice amongst Brazilian linguists). In their view, expressed in note 3, this is not
problematic as until the beginning of the 19th century continental Portuguese was
the generally recognized norm in Brazil.
As far as the types of language varieties are concerned, variation is studied
• in or across dialects or dialect groups (Benincà & Poletto; Bergmann;
Campmany; Moisl et al.; Pappas; Taeldeman),
