Language Production, Cognition, and the Lexicon

578 Pages·2015·10.561 MB·

by  Núria Gala, Reinhard Rapp, Gemma Bel-Enguix

Language Production, Cognition,
and the Lexicon
TEXT, SPEECH AND LANGUAGE TECHNOLOGY
VOLUME 48
Series editor
Nancy Ide, Vassar College, New York, USA
Editorial Board
Emily M. Bender, University of Washington, Washington, USA
Mona Diab, Columbia University, New York, USA
Pascale Fung, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
Roberto Navigli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Virach Sornlertlamvanich, NECTEC, Bangkok, Thailand
Fei Xia, University of Washington, Washington, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6636
Núria Gala Reinhard Rapp
•
Gemma Bel-Enguix
Editors
Language Production,
Cognition, and the Lexicon
123
Editors
NúriaGala Reinhard Rapp
Gemma Bel-Enguix CNRS-LIF, UMR 7279
CNRS-LIF, UMR 7279 Aix-Marseille University, University
Aix-Marseille University ofMainz
Marseille Marseille
France France
ISSN 1386-291X Text,SpeechandLanguageTechnology
ISBN 978-3-319-08042-0 ISBN 978-3-319-08043-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-08043-7
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014951147
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
(cid:2)SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor
informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief
excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the
purposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthe
work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of
theCopyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must
always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the
CopyrightClearanceCenter.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt
fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of
publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor
anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with
respecttothematerialcontainedherein.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Preface
Itwasearlyin2013thatwelearntthatMichaelZockwasretiringaftermorethan
30 years of research. Retired? Michael? For those who have had the chance to
know Michael, to work with him or just to share a little bit of his time (during a
conference,adinner,acoffeebreak,etc.)thesetwowordstogethermakenosense.
Michael is a passionate and an experienced researcher, a trusted colleague with a
stellar career, an untiring worker, a globetrotter fascinated by different cultures,
and an easygoing man disseminating humanistic values wherever he goes.
It is thus a great pleasure and honor to present him this festschrift, Language
Production,Cognition,andtheLexicon,ontheoccasionofhisretirement.We,the
editors, have tried to bring together well-known researchers whose contributions
reflectMichael’sinterestsatthecrossroadsofpsycholinguistics,cognitivescience,
natural language processing, and computer science. We hope and believe that he
will like the volume, which contains 30 chapters written by 49 authors from 16
countries on four continents, and that the book will lead to fruitful scientific
interaction and exchange.
The volume is organized into six different parts, preceded by a personal and
introductory chapter presenting Michael’s career (by Mark T. Maybury). They
include scientific papers grouped into specific domains at the intersection of the-
oreticalandappliedresearch,languageengineering,andadvancedtexttechnology.
• Part I begins with a paper on sentiment analysis and opinion mining (by Ed
Hovy) from the perspective of Natural Language Processing and providing a
long-term Cognitive View on Opinion. This part also overviews the field of
Cognitive Natural Language Processing (by Bernadette Sharp), as well as
Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Modelling (by Sergei Nirenburg).
• Part II addresses the Lexicon and Lexical Analysis. Alain Polguère makes a
theoretical contribution arguing against dogmatic contextualism in lexical
studies; Marie-Claude L’Homme investigates predicative lexical units in ter-
minology; Mathieu Lafourcade and Alain Joubert present an application of
lexical access, namely the tip-of-the-tongue problem; Olivier Ferret studies the
type of relations that can be found in distributional thesauri; Chu-Ren Huang
v
vi Preface
and Ya-Min Chou elaborate on conceptual access to a multilingual lexicon
based on shared orthography (the ideographic aspect of the Chinese writing
system and its borrowed version in the Japanese writing system); Yves Lepage
addresses the issue of proportional analogy applied to natural language pro-
cessing. Pushpak Bhattacharyya’s paper addresses the issue of multilingual
projection whereby an annotated resource of one language can be used for the
processingofanotherlanguage,withacasestudyinwordsensedisambiguation
in a multilingual framework (Indian languages WordNets).
• Part III is about Semantics by and large. Gregory Grefenstette discusses the
notion of personal semantics, an idea which one of the reviewers thinks ‘‘pro-
videsmuchfoodforthought’’;DidierSchwab,JérômeGoulian,GillesSérasset,
and Andon Tchechmedjiev cast a new light on evaluating semantic relatedness
byconsideringthetaskofwordsensedisambiguation;YorickWilksshedslight
on metaphor detection and interpretation in large-scale corpora in different
languages (cross-linguistically and cross-culturally); Rodolfo Delmonte pro-
poses a linguistic and computational perspective on the crucial notions of
recursion and ambiguity.
• Part IV is devoted to Language and Speech Generation. Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii
verifiesthestatisticalstructureunderlyingtextthroughtheanalysisoftheroleof
vowelsandconsonants.RebeccaSmahaandChristianeFellbaumraiseconcerns
about the analysis of artificial languages compared to natural ones. Rolf Sch-
witter investigates how defaults and exceptions can be incorporated into an
existing controlled natural language; Line Jakubiec-Jamet disusses issues on
naturallanguagegenerationbypresentingaresourceintegratingalinguistically
motivated ontology; Kristiina Jokinen describes an interactive open-domain
spoken dialog system generating speech using Wikipedia as knowledge source.
Nicolas Daoust and Guy Lapalme propose a system that allows its user to
generate French text to be easily integrated into web pages (dynamic output
depending on the content of the page).
• Part V concerns Reading and Writing Technologies. Sanja Štajner, Ruslan
Mitkov, andGloriaCorpasPastorexploreexistingreadabilityformulae applied
to assess the level of simplification offered by a text simplification system;
Juyeon Kang and Patrick Saint-Dizier present some general ideas related to an
interactive system, which assists technical writers with requirements when
producingdocuments;CerstinMahlowdescribesongoingresearchonanalyzing
complex writing errors for improving writing technology.
• Part VI is focused on Language Resources and Language Engineering. Joseph
Mariani and Gil Francopoulo propose a general survey of language resources
available in Europe; Eric Wehrli and Luka Nerima report on a multilingual
parser which can be used for any natural language application which requires
lexical,morphologicalorsyntacticinformation;DanTufisandVerginicaBarbu
Mititelu present an ontology for Romanian; Dan Cristea and collaborators
describe collective work aimed to build a corpus including annotations of
semanticrelations;DominiqueEstivalcontributeswithanAustraliancorpusfor
Preface vii
human communication science collaboration; Asanee Kawtrakul describes a
framework for handling knowledge extraction and integration across websites.
Thanks to these contributions, we have been able to edit a book which is not
onlyaFestschrift,butalsoservesasanexcellentreferenceforthecurrentstateof
theresearchintheareasMichaelhasworkedon.Manyhavereferredtohiswork,
so we think that this has been a good way to honor a great researcher and
colleague.
In closing, we would like to acknowledge the support from the Laboratoire
d’Informatique Fondamentale (LIF) and from the projects AutoWordNet and
DynNetLAc which took place within the seventh European Community Frame-
workProgramme.Wewouldalsoliketosincerelyacknowledgetheexcellentand
very pleasant cooperation with Springer, in particular with Federica Corradi dell
Aqua, but also with Alice Blanck, series editor Nancy Ide, and the production
team.Welikewisewishtothankthereviewerswhosefeedbackwasindispensable
to select and improve the contributions. Particular thanks also go to Ed Hovy,
Christian Boitet, and Debela Tesfaye for their advice and support. Last but not
least,wewouldliketothankourauthorsfortheirenthusiasm,encouragement,and
for their high quality contributions.
Marseille, Spring 2014 Núria Gala
Reinhard Rapp
Gemma Bel-Enguix
Contents
Michael Zock: A Life of Interdisciplinary Research
and International Engagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Mark T. Maybury
Part I Cognitive Natural Language Processing
What are Sentiment, Affect, and Emotion? Applying
the Methodology of Michael Zock to Sentiment Analysis . . . . . . . . . . 13
Eduard H. Hovy
Towards a Cognitive Natural Language Processing Perspective . . . . . 25
Bernadette Sharp
Cognitive Systems as Explanatory Artificial Intelligence. . . . . . . . . . . 37
Sergei Nirenburg
Part II Lexicon and Lexical Analysis
Lexical Contextualism: The Abélard Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Alain Polguère
Predicative Lexical Units in Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Marie-Claude L’Homme
TOTAKI: A Help for Lexical Access on the TOT Problem. . . . . . . . . 95
Mathieu Lafourcade and Alain Joubert
Typing Relations in Distributional Thesauri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Olivier Ferret
ix
x Contents
Multilingual Conceptual Access to Lexicon Based on Shared
Orthography: An Ontology-Driven Study of Chinese and Japanese. . . 135
Chu-Ren Huang and Ya-Min Chou
Proportional Analogy in Written Language Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Yves Lepage
Multilingual Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Pushpak Bhattacharyya
Part III Semantics
Personal Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Gregory Grefenstette
Comparisons of Relatedness Measures Through a Word
Sense Disambiguation Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Didier Schwab, Andon Tchechmedjiev, Jérôme Goulian
and Gilles Sérasset
How Can Metaphors Be Interpreted Cross-Linguistically? . . . . . . . . . 245
Yorick Wilks
Recursion and Ambiguity: A Linguistic and Computational
Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Rodolfo Delmonte
Part IV Language and Speech Analysis and Generation
Consonants as Skeleton of Language: Statistical Evidences
Through Text Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii
How Natural Are Artificial Languages?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Rebecca Smaha and Christiane Fellbaum
Handling Defaults and Their Exceptions in Controlled
Natural Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Rolf Schwitter
Ontology in Coq for a Guided Message Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Line Jakubiec-Jamet