Langenscheidt Grundwortschatz Deutsch als Fremdsprache Englisch-Deutsch

208 Pages·2017·1.327 MB·German

by  Susanne Franz

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The Most Effective Approach e

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Die beste Basis zum Vokabellernen
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• 4000 Wörter, Wendungen und Beispielsätze s
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www.langenscheidt.com  12.99 [D]  13.40 [A]
ISBN 978-3-468-20130-1
Englisch – Deutsch
20130_CV-01-04_gruwo_DAF.indd Benutzerdefiniert V 2 10.08.17 11:26
Langenscheidt
G rundwortschatz
D eutsch
als Fremdsprache
Englisch – Deutsch
20130_IT_001_GruWo_DaF.indd 1 23.08.2017 12:09:53
HerausgegebenvonderLangenscheidt-Redaktion
Lektorat:SusanneFranz([email protected])
Grafik-Design:UteWeber
Cover-Illustration:ArndtKnieper
www.langenscheidt.com
©2017LangenscheidtGmbH&Co.KG,München
Satz:preXtension,Grafrath
DruckundBindung:DruckereiC.H.Beck,Nördlingen
ISBN978-3-468-69639-8
Introduction 3
IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
DearStudent,
This „Grundwortschatz Deutsch als Fremdsprache“ from Langenscheidt is de-
signedtohelpyoudevelopacomprehensivebasicvocabularyofGermanwords
andphrases.Thevocabularyhasbeenselectedonthebasisoffrequencyofuse
andcurrentrelevance.Asaresult,wehaveincludednotonlyimportantterms
from the digital world but also significant vocabulary specific to Austria and
Switzerland.
Structure of this Book
The words and phrases in the book are arranged by topic, each covering a
differentaspectofeverydaylife.Then,tomakelearningeasier,thevocabulary
withinthechaptersisfurthergroupedonthebasisofmeaningandcontext.For
mostwords,thereisalsoanexampleofthewordinuseinatypicalsentence.
Exceptionsarespecifictermssuchasfood,animalsandplants,themeaningof
whichcanbeclearlyunderstoodwiththeEnglishtranslation.
Grammatical Information
Thewordtypeisspecifiedforeachword.Oftenthereismoreinformation:
¡ In the case of nouns (n), you will also find the article and the form of the
nominativeplural.
¡ Feminineformsdenotingoccupationorrelationshipare,however,onlylisted
inthesingular,asthepluralisusuallyformedregularly,e.g.
der Lehrer, die Lehrerin, Lehrer n: The feminine plural form Lehrerinnen is
derivedfromthesingularformLehrerin.
Irregularlyformedpluralforms,ontheotherhand,arelistedindividually:
derCousin,Cousinsn
dieCousine,Cousinenn
¡ Wherethereisnodistinctfemininepluralform,thepluralformisusedfor
bothgenders:
derErwachsene,dieErwachsene,Erwachsenennm-f
4 Introduction
¡ Inthecaseofirregularverbs(v-irr),theformsofthethirdpersonsingularare
presentedinthePräsens,PräteritumundPerfekttenses.Forverbswithaprefix
suchasvorlesen,anziehenoraussehen,youwillfindtheirregularformsnext
tothecorrespondingverbwithouttheprefix,e.g.lesen,liest,las,hatgelesen.
¡ Inaddition,certainverbsareseparableandthisisindicatedby(v-sep)nexttoa
verb.
Pronunciation and Sound Recording
YouwillfindanoverviewofthemostimportantrulesofpronunciationofGer-
manonpages9–12.Thereisalsoanaudiobookthatcanbepurchasedseparately
(ISBN978-3-468-93140-6): Professional speakershaverecordedthecompletevo-
cabularyandthesamplesentences,inbothGermanandEnglish,sothatyouhave
theopportunitytolistentoandpracticethevocabulary.Thisway,youcantrain
yourpronunciationandvocabularywithorwithoutthee-bookandusethere-
cordingtocheckyourprogress.Somesamplesentencesfromthebookedition
wereslightlymodifiedtomakelisteningcomprehensioneasierforyou.
Further Help
¡ For many words, you will find additional tips regarding usage or possible
sourcesoferror.
¡ IntheRegisteryoucanquicklylookupallthewordsinbothlanguages.
Finally,wewishyoulotsoffunandsuccesswiththisphrasebook,
YourLangenscheidteditorialteam!
Topics 5
TTooppiiccss
People 13
PersonalInformation 13
CharacterTraits 15
Looks 17
Appearance 17
ClothesandShoes 19
Accessories 21
SocialRelationships 22
Family 22
PartnershipandMarriage 23
FriendshipandOtherSocialContacts 25
LifeCycle 26
Perceptions,CommunicationandActivities 29
ThinkingandFeeling 29
Thoughts 29
Feelings 31
SensoryImpressions 33
SpeakingSituations 34
Conversations 34
Questions,RequestsandAnswers 36
OrdersandProhibitions 38
DiscussionsandAgreements 39
Conflicts 41
GreetingandTakingLeave 42
CommonPhrases 43
ActionsandBehaviour 44
GeneralActivities 44
EndeavoursandPlans 47
Help,DutyandReliability 48
Owning,GivingandTaking 49
BodyandHealth 51
BodyPartsandOrgans 51
IllnessandPhysicalImpairments 52
MedicalExaminationsandHospital 55
Emergencies 56
PersonalHygiene 57
6 Topics
Education 59
Learning 59
Language 63
School,UniversityandTraining 65
Career 67
ProfessionalLife 67
Occupations 68
OfficeActivitiesandEquipment 70
Application,RecruitmentandTermination 71
ConditionsofEmployment 72
CulturalInterests 74
Reading 74
Music 75
Art 77
TheatreandFilm 78
LeisureTime 79
Celebrations 79
PublicHolidays 80
GoingOutandRecreation 80
Sport 82
Hobbies 85
Shopping 86
ChoosingandPaying 86
Shops 90
Nutrition 91
Nutrition—GeneralTerms 91
Bread,PastriesandCereals 93
FruitandVegetables 94
Meat,FishandDairyProducts 95
Spices,HerbsandOtherIngredients 96
Sweets,SnacksandTobacco 96
Beverages 97
RestaurantsandCafes 98
Restaurants 98
DishesandSnacks 98
Serving,OrderingandPaying 99
Topics 7
Accommodation 101
HousesandApartments 101
RoomsandLivingAreas 102
Facilities 104
Furnishings 104
Housekeeping 106
TourismandTravel 108
Travel 108
StayingOvernight 110
PlacesofInterest 111
LocationInformation 112
PublicTransport 114
LocalPublicTransport 114
RailwayTransportation 115
AirandSeaTransportation 117
PrivateTransport 118
NatureandtheEnvironment 120
AnimalsandPlants 120
Landscape 121
CompassDirections 123
Space 123
Environment,WeatherandClimate 124
CommunicationandMedia 127
Post 127
PrintMediaandBroadcasting 128
Telephone,MobilePhonesandtheInternet 130
ComputerandMultimedia 134
Industry,TechnologyandResearch 136
Manufacturing,TradeandServices 136
Money,BankingandFinancialMarkets 137
Agriculture 140
Technology,EnergyundResearch 141
NaturalResourcesandCommodities 143
SocietyandState 144
History 144
Society 145
ReligionundMorality 147
Politics 148
8 Topics
DefenceandSecurity 150
StateInstitutionsandAdministration 152
LawandJurisprudence 153
Time 156
TimesoftheYear 156
NamesoftheMonths 156
DaysoftheWeek 157
TimesoftheDay 157
TellingTime 158
MoreExpressionsofTime 158
Present,PastandFuture 158
DurationandFrequency 160
EarlyandLate 161
Chronology 163
WhereandWhereabouts 164
ExpressingLocation 164
Movement,SpeedandRest 168
ArrivalandDeparture 169
ColoursandShapes 170
Colours 170
Shapes 170
NumbersandUnitsofMeasurement 171
CardinalNumbers 171
OrdinalNumbers 173
WeightsandMeasurements 174
Categories 174
Quantities 175
Categorisation—GeneralConcepts 178
DifferencesandClassifications 178
Cause,EffectandManner 179
FunctionWords 180
InterrogativePronouns 180
Prepositions 181
Conjunctions 182
AuxiliaryandModalVerbs 183
Countries 185
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
ThissectionwillmakeyoufamiliarwiththesoundsofGerman.You’llfindthe
pronunciation of the letters and sounds explained below, together with their
„imitated“equivalents.
TheGermanalphabetisthesameasEnglish,withtheadditionoftheletterß.It
alsousestheUmlautonthevowelsä,ü,ö(seebelowforpronunciation).
Pronunciation Rules
–Alotofconsonants(b,d,f,g,h,k,l,m,n,p,ph,t,x)areusuallypronouncedthe
same(oralmostthesame)astheirEnglishcounterparts.
–Butb,d,gattheendofawordarepronouncedlikep,t,k:gelb,Rad,Tag.
–TheGermanrisformedinthethroatandpronouncedasifyouwereclearing
yourthroatorgurgling.
–Theletterhafteravowelisnotpronounced.Itjustprolongsthevowel:Bahn,
sehr,wohnen,Uhr.
–Doublevowels,vowels+handiearealwayslong:Paar,Tee,fahren,sehr,spie-
len.
–Vowelsinfrontofdoubleconsonantsarealwaysshort:Treppe,Tasse,Bett.
Stress
Generally,asinEnglish,thefirstsyllableisstressedinGerman,exceptwhenshort
prefixes are added to the beginning of the word. Then the second syllable is
stressed (e.g. bewegen – to move, gesehen – seen). However, similar looking
wordscanbestresseddifferently:übersetzen–translatevs.übersetzen–ferry
over.
Consonants
Letter ApproximatePronunciation Example
b 1.attheendofawordor likepinup ab,gelb,lieb,erliebt,er
betweenavowelanda gibt,gib!
consonant
2.elsewhere likebinbed Bett,bis,lieben,haben,
geben