Landside Accessibility of Airports

437 Pages·2019·13.93 MB·English

by  Milan Janić

Milan Janić
Landside
Accessibility
of Airports
Analysis, Modelling, Planning, and
Design
Landside Accessibility of Airports
ć
Milan Jani
Landside Accessibility
of Airports
Analysis, Modelling, Planning, and Design
123
Milan Janić
Department ofTransport andPlanning
Delft University of Technology
Delft, TheNetherlands
ISBN978-3-319-76149-7 ISBN978-3-319-76150-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76150-3
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To my wife Vesna for strength and courage in
fighting her illness
Preface
This book deals with an elaboration of the landside accessibility of airports pro-
videdbytheroad-andrail-basedtransportmodeandtheirsystems.Theroad-based
systems are considered to be individual cars and vans, and bus systems. The
considered rail-based systems are: the streetcar/tramway and LRT (Light Rail
Transit), subway/metro, regional/intercity conventional rail, HSR (High-Speed
Rail), TRM (TransRapid Maglev), still rather futuristic HL (Hyperloop), and PRT
(Personal Rapid Transit) system. Although some airports are also accessible by
bicycles, this alternative has not been particularly considered.
Thecomponentsandperformancesoftheabove-mentionedtransportmodesand
their systems have been elaborated, i.e. described and modelled primarily while
considering them operating inthe given context, i.e. providing the airport landside
accessibility. Ifnecessaryforunderstanding,theelaborationhasbeenexpanded by
the additional details from the wider context.
Thebookconsistsofsixchapters.Chapter1isanintroductiontotheairtransport
system and its main components: airport, airlines, and ATC/ATM (Air Traffic
Control/Management)system.Thereasontostartwithsuchratherwideandgeneral
approachisto“position”theairportlandsideaccessmodesandtheirsystemswithin
the wider (the air transport system and airport) context. Chapter 2 deals with the
general concept of accessibility and its modelling including some specific charac-
teristics of the airport landside accessibility. Chapter 3 describes the main compo-
nentsandperformancesoftheabove-mentionedroad-basedsystems—conventional
and automated cars and vans operating privately and as taxi services, and buses.
Chapter 4 describes the main components and performances of the rail-based sys-
tems such as: the streetcar/tramway and LRT (Light Rail Transit), subway/metro,
regional/intercity conventional rail, HSR (High-Speed Rail), TRM (TransRapid
Maglev), still conceptual HL (Hyperloop), and PRT (Personal Rapid Transit) sys-
tem.Chapter5presentstheanalytical(ratherbasic)modellingoftheinfrastructural,
technical/technological, operational, economic, environmental, and social perfor-
mancesoftheabove-mentionedsystems.Chapter6elaboratesthemainprinciplesof
planning and design, the latter just as a preliminary outline, of these systems
including the case-based example. Since each chapter ends with a summary, the
vii
viii Preface
concluding chapter has considered not to be necessary. In addition, each chapter
containssome qualitative and quantitativeexercises.
Themainreasonsandmotivationforwritingthisbookhavebeenthreefold.The
firsthasbeen theauthor’sinvolvementinteachingthecourse“LandsideAccessibility
ofAirports”inthescopeoftheinterfacultyminorcourse“AirportoftheFuture”atthe
FacultyofAerospaceEngineeringofTUDelft(DelftUniversityofTechnology,Delft,
TheNetherlands).Thecoursehasaimedattheengineeringstudentsfromallbachelor
programmesofferedbyTUDelftinterestedintheaspectsofplanning,design,oper-
ations, and management of airports. The second reason has been that just at the
beginningofthelecturesthestudentshaveaskedforandpreferredtohavesomekind
ofthehandbookjustonthistopic.Thelastreasonhasbeenthelackofaratherwider
elaborationofthetopicintheexistingacademicandprofessionalliteraturedealing
with the airport engineering, operations, planning, and design. Therefore, not
intending in any way to underestimate the existing highly appreciated mentioned
valuableliterature fromIhavebeenpermanentlylearningduringmyentire40years
academicandprofessionalcarrier,thisbookaimsinsomewaytojustcomplementto
thesejustmentionedandtothosealsohighlyrespectableontheurbanpublictransport
systems.
Delft, The Netherlands Milan Janić
Acknowledgements
Myacknowledgementsgotobothprofessionalandprivateside.Ontheprofessional
side, I greatly appreciate the support by some of my colleagues in preparing the
book. First, this has been the support by Professor Bart van Arem, Head of
Department of Transport and Planning of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and
Geosciences of Delft University of Technology (Delft, The Netherlands). He
has suggested me to start teaching the course “Landside Accessibility of Airports”
in the scope of the course “Airport of the Future”. He has also provided the very
convenientconditions for writing the book, which has been taking place mainlyat
theDepartment.MyappreciationalsogoestoProf.RickyCurrantandhiscolleague
Dr. Dries Visser (The Course Coordinator) from the Faculty of Aerospace
Engineering (Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands), who
have accepted my involvement in teaching the above-mentioned course there. My
specialthanksgoalsotomycolleagueRolfKoster,whohasbeengreatly(almostto
the level of exclusivity) supporting me in many aspects of teaching the course.
On the private side, my beloved wife Vesna and son Miodrag (Doctor of
medicine,Ph.D.)havecontinuouslysupportedmeinwrittingthisbook,whatIhave
more than deeply appreciated.
ix
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Air Transport System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2.2 Airports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.3 Airlines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2.4 ATC/ATM (Air Traffic Control/Management)
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.4 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2 Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2 Modelling Accessibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.2.1 Trip-Based Indicators/Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.2.2 Activity-Based Indicators/Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.3 Some Characteristics of the Airport Landside Accessibility . . . . . 37
2.3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.3.2 Attributes of Resistance to the Airport Landside
Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3.3 Market Shares of the Airport Landside Access Modes
and Their Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3 The Road-Based Mode and Its Systems: Components
and Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
xi
xii Contents
3.2 Components and Performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.2.1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.2.2 Concept and Definition of Performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.3 Conventional Cars and Vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.3.1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.3.2 Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.4 Automated Cars and Vans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.4.2 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.4.3 Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3.5 Buses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.5.1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.5.2 Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
3.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
3.7 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4 The Rail-Based Mode and Its Systems: Components
and Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4.2 Components and Performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
4.2.1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
4.2.2 Concept and Definition of Performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
4.3 Streetcar/Tramway and LRT (Light Rail Transit) System . . . . . . 125
4.3.1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4.3.2 Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
4.4 Subway/Metro System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
4.4.1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
4.4.2 Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4.5 Regional/Intercity Conventional Rail System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
4.5.1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
4.5.2 Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
4.6 HSR (High-Speed Rail) System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
4.6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
4.6.2 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
4.6.3 Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
4.7 TRM (TransRapid Maglev) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
4.7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
4.7.2 Components and Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
4.8 HL (Hyperloop) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
4.8.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
4.8.2 Components and Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221