Landscape Dynamics, Soils and Hydrological Processes in Varied Climates

822 Pages·2016·25.162 MB·English

by  Assefa M. Melesse, Wossenu Abtew (eds.)

Springer Geography
Assefa M. Melesse
Wossenu Abtew E ditors
Landscape
Dynamics, Soils
and Hydrological
Processes in
Varied Climates
Springer Geography
The Springer Geography series seeks to publish a broad portfolio of scientific
books, aiming at researchers, students, and everyone interested in geographical
research. The series includes peer-reviewed monographs, edited volumes, text-
books,andconferenceproceedings. Itcoverstheentireresearcharea ofgeography
including, but not limited to, Economic Geography, Physical Geography,
Quantitative Geography, and Regional/Urban Planning.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10180
Assefa M. Melesse Wossenu Abtew
(cid:129)
Editors
Landscape Dynamics, Soils
and Hydrological Processes
in Varied Climates
123
Editors
Assefa M.Melesse WossenuAbtew
Department ofEarth andEnvironment SouthFlorida Water Management District
Florida International University West Palm Beach,FL
Miami, FL USA
USA
ISSN 2194-315X ISSN 2194-3168 (electronic)
SpringerGeography
ISBN978-3-319-18786-0 ISBN978-3-319-18787-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18787-7
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015942474
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor
foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerlandispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia
(www.springer.com)
Preface
Landscape dynamics and variability have a close linkage to ecosystem dynamics
affecting fluxes of water, energy and mass. The spatiotemporal variability of
energy, water and mass budget controls the functional response and behaviour of
landscapes,andthisdegreeofresponseisdifferentindifferentclimates.Landscape
changes are linked to climate change through energy partitioning on the surface,
evapotranspiration, rainfall and carbon release or sequestration. Critical resources
lossasforestcover,andsoilhasdirectlinkwithlandscape.Theavailability ofsoil
moisture which is related to topography and vegetation cover controls surface
runoff and the subsurface flow and hence groundwater recharge.
The book, Landscape Dynamics, Soils and Hydrological Processes in Varied
Climates, presents the results of various studies on the dynamics and processes
governing the spatiotemporal variability of the most important natural resources,
landscapes\land use, soil and water across the spectra of varied climates. These
processes are believed to be highly variable across regions, and their linkages to
environmentalvariabilityindifferentclimaticregionsoftheworldareanimportant
aspectworthunderstandinganddocumenting.Whatmakesthisbookuniqueareas
follows:(1)itintegratesandpresentsthebasicprocessesdrivingthesevariabilityas
well as the case studies in various regions; (2) varied climatic zones from arid to
semi-aridtohumidandwetarerepresented;and(3)theresultsfromvariousscales,
laboratory, field, watershed, basin and region are included.
The book presents the results of scientific studies and analysis of processes
governing the dynamics of land/landscapes, soils and water across varied climatic
regions.Thelinkageandinteractionoftheseprocesseswithecosystemdynamicsin
variousenvironmentalsettingsandtheireffectonthefluxesofwater,soil/sediment
andenergyarepresented.Thebookdiscussesspatialaswellastemporalvariability
oflandcover,biophysicalvariables,sediment/soils,water,energyandcontaminant
in varied climatic zones. Topics on physical characteristics of soils and soil
moisture and tillage operations, surface and groundwater dynamics and manage-
ment, soil and geomorphological processes, soil detachment and sediment depo-
sition, impact of climate change on vegetation, and water and sediment dynamics
are presented. The book presents landscape mapping and analysis, soil erosion,
v
vi Preface
erosion control method, water resources stress, floods, groundwater flow assess-
ment,climatechangeimpacts,applicationsofsoilandhydrologicalmodels,climate
models and remote sensing for resource evaluation. The stress created by popula-
tion growth on forest cover, wildlife, soils and water resources is sufficiently
covered in several chapters.
The book has 36 chapters in seven parts: (1) Landscape and Land Cover
Dynamics, (2) Rainfall–Runoff Processes, (3) Floods and Hydrological Processes,
(4)GroundwaterFlowandAquiferManagement,(5)SedimentDynamicsandSoil
Management, (6) Climate Change Impact on Sediment and Water Dynamics and
(7) Water and Watershed Management.
This book is beneficial for resource managers, agricultural and environmental
professionals, policy-makers, students and teachers. It is a valuable source of
information for graduate and undergraduate students at college level as well as for
different users who are involved in research. It is a useful reference and text for
courses such as ecohydrology, arid zone hydrology, landscape dynamics, soil
processes and similar courses.
Assefa M. Melesse
Wossenu Abtew
Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Assefa M. Melesse and Wossenu Abtew
Part I Landscape and Land Cover Dynamics
2 GIS and Remote Sensing-Based Forest Resource
Assessment, Quantification, and Mapping in Amhara Region,
Ethiopia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Mulatie Mekonnen, Tsegaye Sewunet, Mulu Gebeyehu,
Bayleyegn Azene and Assefa M. Melesse
3 Landscape Changes Impact on Regional Hydrology
and Climate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Wossenu Abtew and Assefa M. Melesse
4 Multitemporal Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection
for the Batena Watershed, Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia . . . . 51
Gebiaw T. Ayele, Solomon S. Demessie, Kassa T. Mengistu,
Seifu A. Tilahun and Assefa M. Melesse
5 Analyses of Land Use/Land Cover Change Dynamics
in the Upland Watersheds of Upper Blue Nile Basin . . . . . . . . . . 73
Rahel S. Asres, Seifu A. Tilahun, Gebiaw T. Ayele
and Assefa M. Melesse
6 Land Use and Land Cover Change Impact on Groundwater
Recharge: The Case of Lake Haramaya Watershed, Ethiopia. . . . 93
Shimelis B. Gebere, Tena Alamirew,
Broder J. Merkel and Assefa M. Melesse
vii
viii Contents
Part II Rainfall–Runoff Processes
7 Runoff Estimation and Water Demand Analysis for Holetta
River, Awash Subbasin, Ethiopia Using SWAT
and CropWat Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Mahtsente Tibebe, Assefa M. Melesse and Birhanu Zemadim
8 Spatiotemporal Variability of Hydrological Variables of Dapo
Watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Mulatu L. Berihun, Assefa M. Melesse and Birhanu Zemadim
9 Runoff and Soil Loss Estimation Using N-SPECT in the Rio
Grande de Anasco Watershed, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Matilde Duque and Assefa M. Melesse
10 Rainfall–Runoff Processes and Modeling: The Case of Meja
Watershed in the Upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . 183
Solomon Berhane, Birhanu Zemadim and Assefa M. Melesse
11 Upstream–Downstream Linkages of Hydrological Processes
in the Nile River Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Belete Berhanu, Yilma Seleshi, Melkamu Amare
and Assefa M. Melesse
12 Advances in Landscape Runoff Water Quality
Modelling: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Iqbal Hossain and Monzur Alam Imteaz
Part III Floods and Hydrological Processes
13 Watershed Storage Dynamics in the Upper Blue Nile
Basin: The Anjeni Experimental Watershed, Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . 261
Temesgen Enku, Assefa M. Melesse, Essayas K. Ayana,
Seifu A. Tilahun, Gete Zeleke and Tammo S. Steenhuis
14 Estimation of Large to Extreme Floods Using
a Regionalization Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Khaled Haddad and Ataur Rahman
Contents ix
15 Performance Evaluation of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph
Methods in Mediterranean Climate. A Case Study
at Guvenc Micro-watershed, Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Tewodros Assefa Nigussie, E. Beyhan Yeğen
and Assefa M. Melesse
16 Flash Floods Modelling for Wadi System: Challenges
and Trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Mohamed Saber and Emad Habib
17 Seasonal Rainfall–Runoff Variability Analysis, Lake Tana
Sub-Basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Mengistu A. Jemberie, Adane A. Awass, Assefa M. Melesse,
Gebiaw T. Ayele and Solomon S. Demissie
Part IV Groundwater Flow and Aquifer Management
18 Flood Forecasting and Stream Flow Simulation of the Upper
Awash River Basin, Ethiopia Using Geospatial Stream
Flow Model (GeoSFM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Shimelis Behailu Dessu, Abdulkarim Hussein Seid,
Anteneh Z. Abiy and Assefa M. Melesse
19 Regional Scale Groundwater Flow Modeling for Wakel
River Basin: A Case Study of Southern Rajasthan. . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Himadri Biswas and Assefa M. Melesse
20 Water Resources Assessment and Geographic Information
System (GIS)-Based Stormwater Runoff Estimates
for Artificial Recharge of Freshwater Aquifers
in New Providence, Bahamas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
M. Genevieve Diamond and Assefa M. Melesse
21 Groundwater Vulnerability Analysis of the Tana
Sub-basin: An Application of DRASTIC Index Method . . . . . . . . 435
Anteneh Z. Abiy, Assefa M. Melesse,
Yewendwesen Mengistu Behabtu and Birlew Abebe
22 Groundwater Recharge and Contribution to the Tana
Sub-basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Anteneh Z. Abiy, Solomon S. Demissie, Charlotte MacAlister,
Shimelis B. Dessu and Assefa M. Melesse