Land Use Law for Sustainable Development (IUCN Academy of Environmental Law Research Studies)

653 Pages·2006·8.79 MB·English

by  Nathalie J. Chalifour

LAND USE LAW FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Thisbooksurveystheglobalexperiencetodateinimplementinglandusepoliciesthatmove
us further along the sustainable development continuum. The international community
haslongrecognizedtheneedtoensurethatongoingandfuturedevelopmentisconducted
sustainably.Whilehigh-levelcommitmentstowardsustainabledevelopmentsuchasthose
includedintheRioandJohannesburgDeclarationsarepoliticallyimportant,theyareirrel-
evantiftheyarenottranslatedintorealityontheground.Thisbookincludeschaptersthat
discussthechallengesofimplementingsustainablelandusepoliciesindifferentregionsof
theworld,revealingproblemsthatarecommontoalljurisdictionsandhighlightingothers
thatareuniquetoparticularregions.Italsoincludeschaptersdocumentingnewapproaches
tosustainablelanduse,suchasreformstopropertyrightsregimesandenvironmentallaws.
Otherchaptersoffercomparisonsofapproachesindifferentjurisdictionsthatcanpresent
insightsthatmightnotbeapparentfromasingle-jurisdictionanalysis.
NathalieJ.ChalifourisanassistantprofessorintheFacultyofLawattheUniversityofOttawa
inOntario,whereherteachingandresearchinterestsfallintheareasofenvironmentallaw,
propertylaw,andinternationalenvironmentallawandpolicy.SheholdsaDoctorateofLaw
andaMasterofLawfromStanfordUniversity,whereshecompletedaresearchfellowshipas
aFulbrightScholar.Shehaswrittennumerousworksinthefieldofenvironmentallawand
policy,includingbookchaptersonenvironmentaltaxationandarticlesonthenexusbetween
internationaltraderulesandforestconservation.ProfessorChalifouriscontributingeditor
ofthelooseleafserviceTheCanadianBrownfieldsManual(2005).
Patricia Kameri-Mbote is an associate professor of Law and Chair of the Department of
PrivateLaw,FacultyofLawattheUniversityofNairobi.SheholdsaDoctorateinLawand
aMasterofLawfromStanfordUniversity,aMasterofLawinLawandDevelopmentfrom
WarwickUniversity,andaPostgraduateDiplomainWomen’sLawfromtheUniversityof
Zimbabwe.Herteachingandresearchinterestsfallintheareasofenvironmentallaw,law,
scienceandtechnology,intellectualpropertyrights,landlaw,andfeministjurisprudence.
Shehaspublishedwidelyintheareasofinternationalenvironmentallaw,biotechnology,
women’srights,andpropertyrights.
Lin Heng Lye is an associate professor in the Faculty of Law at the National University
ofSingaporeandDeputyDirectoroftheFaculty’sAsia-PacificCentreforEnvironmental
Law.ShechairstheUniversity’sinterdisciplinaryExecutiveCommitteefortheMastersin
EnvironmentalManagementprogramandisVisitingAssociateProfessorattheYaleSchool
ofForestryandEnvironmentalStudies.SheholdsMaster’sdegreesinLawfromHarvard
UniversityandtheUniversityofLondonandanLLBfromtheUniversityofSingapore.She
is an Advocate and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Singapore and was Vice-Dean and
DirectoroftheLawFaculty’sgraduateprograms.Herteachingandresearchinterestsliein
propertylawandenvironmentallaw.
John R. Nolon is a professor of Law at Pace University Law School. He received his JD
degreefromtheUniversityofMichiganLawSchool,wherehewasamemberoftheBar-
rister’sAcademicHonorSociety.ProfessorNolonhasbeenappointedVisitingProfessorof
EnvironmentalLawattheYaleSchoolofForestryandEnvironmentalStudiesandnamed
DirectoroftheJointCenterofLandUseStudiesformedbyYaleandPaceUniversityLaw
School.HeservedontheEditorialAdvisoryBoardofthe NationalHousingandDevelop-
mentReporterandisamemberoftheEditorialBoardofTheLandUseandEnvironmental
LawReview.HehasworkedextensivelyonsustainabledevelopmentinSouthAmericaasa
Fulbrightscholar.
i

Land Use Law for Sustainable
Development
Edited by
NATHALIE J. CHALIFOUR
UniversityofOttawa
PATRICIA KAMERI-MBOTE
UniversityofNairobi
LIN HENG LYE
NationalUniversityofSingapore
JOHN R. NOLON
PaceUniversity
withaMessagefromKofiA.Annan,
Secretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations
cambridge university press
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521862165
© IUCN Academy of Environmental Law 2007
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format 2006
isbn-13 978-0-511-25753-7eBook (NetLibrary)
isbn-10 0-511-25753-8 eBook (NetLibrary)
isbn-13 978-0-521-86216-5hardback
isbn-10 0-521-86216-7 hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls
for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not
guaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
Contents
ListofContributors page ix
Message from Kofi A. Annan, Secretary-General, United Nations xiii
ForewordbyCharlesOdidiOkidiandNicholasAdamsRobinson xv
Acknowledgments xix
Introduction 1
NathalieJ.Chalifour,PatriciaKameri-Mbote,LinHengLye,JohnR.Nolon,
andCharlesOdidiOkidi
ChallengesofEnvironmentalLaw–EnvironmentalIssuesandTheir
ImplicationstoJurisprudence 6
AkioMorishima
one. internationalissuesandlegalresponsesto
sustainablelandmanagement
1 IsConservationaViableLandUsage?IssuesSurroundingtheSaleofIvory
bySouthernAfricanCountries 27
EdCouzens
2 ClimateChangeandLandUseinAfrica 45
DavidR.Hodas
3 ClimateChangeAdaptationandMitigation:ExploringtheRoleofLand
ReformsinAfrica 60
H.W.O.Okoth-Ogendo
4 TheIntegrationofLandscapeintoLandUsePlanningPolicyinRelationto
theNewEuropeanLandscapeConvention 71
MichelPrieur
5 EIALegislationandtheImportanceofTransboundary
Application 89
LanaRouxandWillemienduPlessis
two. nationalapproachestolanduseplanningfor
sustainabledevelopment
Africa
6 CommunityRightstoGeneticResourcesandTheirKnowledge:Africanand
EthiopianPerspectives 111
MeketeBekele
v
vi CONTENTS
7 EasementsandWildlifeConservationinKenya 120
NyokabiGitahi
8 LandTenure,LandUse,andSustainabilityinKenya:TowardInnovativeUse
ofPropertyRightsinWildlifeManagement 132
PatriciaKameri-Mbote
9 TheDevelopmentofEnvironmentalLawandItsImpactonSustainableUse
ofWetlandsinUganda 161
EmmanuelKasimbazi
10 EIAandtheFourPs:SomeObservationsfromSouthAfrica 181
MichaelKidd
11 FromBureaucracy-ControlledtoStakeholder-DrivenUrbanPlanningand
Management:ExperiencesandChallengesofEnvironmentalPlanningand
ManagementinTanzania 197
W.J.Kombe
12 StrategiesforIntegratedEnvironmentalGovernanceinSouthAfrica:
TowardaMoreSustainableEnvironmentalGovernanceandLandUse
Regime 219
LouisJ.Kotze´
13 EnvironmentalLawandSustainableLandUseinNigeria 240
MuhammedTawfiqLadan
14 TheRoleofAdministrativeDisputeResolutionInstitutionsandProcesses
inSustainableLandUseManagement:TheCaseoftheNational
EnvironmentTribunalandthePublicComplaintsCommitteeofKenya 253
AlbertMumma
15 ManagingtheEnvironmentalImpactofRefugeesinKenya:TheRoleof
NationalAccountabilityandEnvironmentalLaw 266
GeorgeOkoth-Obbo
16 EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentLawandLandUse:AComparative
AnalysisofRecentTrendsintheNigerianandU.S.OilandGasIndustry 281
BibobraBelloOrubebe
17 ManagingLandUseandEnvironmentalConflictsinCameroon 304
NchunuSama
Asia
18 EnvironmentalLawReformtoControlLandDegradationinthePeople’s
RepublicofChina:AViewoftheLegalFrameworkofthePRC–GEF
PartnershipProgram 315
IanHannamandDuQun
19 UrbanizationandEnvironmentalChallengesinPakistan 334
ParvezHassan
20 ASEANHeritageParksandTransboundaryBiodiversityConservation 352
Kheng-LianKoh
21 LandUsePlanning,EnvironmentalManagement,andtheGardenCityasan
UrbanDevelopmentApproachinSingapore 374
LinHengLye
22 TheLawandPreparationofEnvironmentalManagementPlansfor
SustainableDevelopmentinThailand 397
SuneeMallikamarlandNuntapolKarnchanawat
CONTENTS vii
23 Nepal’sLegalInitiativesonLandUseforSustainableDevelopment 417
AmberPrasadPant
Australia
24 EnvironmentalLawandIrrigatedLandinAustralia 433
KarenBubna-Litic
25 EnvironmentalImpactAssessment:AddressingtheMajorWeaknesses 451
MichaelI.Jeffery
LatinAmerica
26 ProtectionofNaturalSpacesinBrazilianEnvironmentalLaw 471
Jose´RubensMoratoLeite,HelineSiviniFerreira,andPatryckdeArau´joAyala
27 LandUsePlanninginMexico:AsFramedbySocialDevelopmentand
EnvironmentalPolicies 484
GabriellaPavonandJoseJuanGonzalez
28 Argentina’sConstitutionandGeneralEnvironmentLawastheFramework
forComprehensiveLandUseRegulation 503
JuanRodrigoWalsh
NorthAmerica
29 EcologicalEconomics,SustainableLandUse,andPolicyChoices 526
NathalieJ.Chalifour
30 The2004U.S.OceanReportandItsImplicationsforLandUseReformto
ImproveOceanWaterQuality 555
LindaA.Malone
31 HistoricalOverviewoftheAmericanLandUseSystem:ADiagnostic
ApproachtoEvaluatingGovernmentalLandUseControl 581
JohnR.Nolon
Index 611

Contributors
PatryckdeArau´joAyala AttorneyofMatoGrossoState;LawPhDstudent,Federal
UniversityofSantaCatarina,Brazil
MeketeBekele AssistantProfessor,FacultyofLaw,AddisAdabaUniversity,Ethiopia
KarenBubna-Litic SeniorLecturerinLawintheFacultyofLawatUTS,Australia
Nathalie J. Chalifour Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa,
Ontario,Canada
Ed Couzens Attorney, RSA, and Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, University of
KwaZulu-Natal,Durban,SouthAfrica
HelineSiviniFerreira LawPhDstudent,FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina,Brazil
NyokabiGitahi LegalAssociate,AfricanWildlifeAssociation,Kenya
Jose Juan Gonzalez President of the Mexican Institute for Environmental Law
ResearchandProfessorofEnvironmentalLawattheUniversidadAutonomaMetropoli-
tana,Mexico
IanHannam Member,IUCNCommissiononEnvironmentalLaw;Chair,IUCNCEL
SpecialistWorkingGouponSustainableSoil;EnvironmentalLawandPolicySpecialist,
AsianDevelopmentBank,Beijing,China
Parvez Hassan Senior Partner, Hassan & Hassan, Lahore, Pakistan, and President,
PakistanEnvironmentalLawAssociation
DavidR.Hodas Professor of Law, Widener University School of Law, Wilmington,
Delaware,USA
Michael I. Jeffery Professor of Law and Director, Centre for Environmental Law,
Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Deputy Chair of the IUCN Commission on
EnvironmentalLaw
PatriciaKameri-Mbote AssociateProfessorandChair,DepartmentofPrivateLaw,
FacultyofLaw,UniversityofNairobi,Kenya
NuntapolKarnchanawat Thailand
EmmanuelKasimbazi SeniorLecturer,FacultyofLaw,MakerereUniversityUganda,
andPartner,Kasimbazi&Co.Advocates,Uganda
ix