Land Degradation Neutrality: Achieving SDG 15 by Forest Management

455 Pages·2022·15.709 MB·English

by  Pankaj Panwar, Gopal Shukla, Jahangeer A. Bhat, Sumit Chakravarty

Pankaj Panwar
Gopal Shukla
Jahangeer A. Bhat
Sumit Chakravarty   Editors
Land Degradation
Neutrality:
Achieving SDG
15 by Forest
Management
Land Degradation Neutrality: Achieving SDG
15 by Forest Management
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Pankaj Panwar Gopal Shukla
(cid:129)
Jahangeer A. Bhat Sumit Chakravarty
Editors
Land Degradation
Neutrality: Achieving SDG
15 by Forest Management
Editors
PankajPanwar GopalShukla
ResearchCenterChandigarh DepartmentofForestry
ICAR-IndianInstituteofSoilandWater UttarBangaKrishiViswavidyalaya
Conservation CoochBehar,WestBengal,India
UnionTerritory,Chandigarh,India
JahangeerA.Bhat SumitChakravarty
ForestProductandUtilization DepartmentofForestry
RaniLakshmiBaiCentralAgricultural UttarBangaKrishiViswavidyalaya
University CoochBehar,WestBengal,India
Jhansi,UttarPradesh,India
ISBN978-981-19-5477-1 ISBN978-981-19-5478-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5478-8
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Preface
Worldwidedepletionofforestresources,forestfragmentation,forestencroachment,
overgrazing,unscientificandover-exploitationofbiodiversityandunscientificagri-
culturalpracticesaresomeofthecausesoflanddegradation.Globally,about25%of
thetotallandareahasbeendegraded.Landdegradationhasbeenestimatedin25%
of the total land area, globally that affected more than 3.2 billion people. Land
degradationcanbeexplainedasaconsequenceoftheviolationoftheprinciplesof
thecirculareconomy.Itisaworldwidephenomenonandishappeninginallkindsof
climates.Exceptforactivitieslikeminingandclear-fellingofforests,landdegrada-
tion is not apparent visually as it continues slowly and hence can be termed as a
“slowkiller.”
Localisedandsmall-scaleeffortsthroughminespoilrehabilitationandafforesta-
tionindegradedlandshavebeengoingonineverycountry;however,thescaleand
pace of such activities have not been able to match the pace of degradation world-
wide.Landdegradation,thoughaglobalphenomenon,hassimilarprecursorsworld-
wide.Ithadnowbeenrealisedthatlanddegradationinonepartoftheworldhasthe
potentialofaffectingotherpartsoftheworldthroughsoilerosion,globalwarming
andbiodiversitydepletion(foodweb).Acollectiveeffortisrequiredtobedone.This
ispossiblebysharingexperiences,poolingfunds(sopoornationscanbesupported),
knowledgesharing,bringinginternationalconsensus,etc.
LandDegradationNeutrality(LDN)hasamanifestationindifferentinternational
programmes such as REDD+ (Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation),SDG13(climateaction)andSDG15(lifeonland),UNCCD(United
Nations Convention to Combat Desertification) and IUCN Global Drylands Initia-
tive (GDI). LDN promises ‘triple-win’ benefits that include mitigating climate
change, conserving biodiversity and uplifting local communities. Multiple ways
andstrategiesneedtobeadoptedtoachieveLDN.Throughthisbook,effortshave
beenmadetocompilethechallengesandstrategiestoachieveLDN.
The book compiles topics which are directly and indirectly related to achieving
LDN.Globalforestresources,forestfragmentationanditsconsequences,driversof
forest land degradation, deforestation and biodiversity depletion, assessing land
degradationusingSDGindicators,ecologicalrestorationofdegradedforests,forest
asameansoflivelihood,climatechangeanditsimpactontheforest,importanceof
mangroves forest and their protection, mine spoil rehabilitation, tree plantation for
v
vi Preface
carbon sequestration and carbon neutrality, protected area and their role in conser-
vation, role of REDD+ in achieving LDN, case studies on forest degradation,
reducingpressureongrasslandsandurbanforestasameansofachievingLDN.
Editors feel that the contributing authors have done justice in compiling the
information on LDN. We appreciate the commitment of the contributing authors
and take the responsibility for those important issues still missing in the book, as
LDNisalargecanvasandcannotbecoveredinasinglemanuscript.Editorswishto
thankallthecontributorsforcomplyingwiththescheduleandbearingwithpersis-
tentrequestsandqueriesmadebyEditors.
Chandigarh,India PankajPanwar
CoochBehar,WestBengal,India GopalShukla
Jhansi,UttarPradesh,India JahangeerA.Bhat
CoochBehar,WestBengal,India SumitChakravarty
Contents
1 ForestResourcesoftheWorld:PresentStatusandFuture
Prospects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ManendraSingh,N.N.Shahina,SubrataDas,A.Arshad,
SajithaSiril,DebidattaBarman,UmrasongMog,PankajPanwar,
GopalShukla,andSumitChakravarty
2 EffectofDeforestationandForestFragmentation
onEcosystemServices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
AbhishekRaj,ManojKumarJhariya,NahidKhan,SharadNema,
AnnpurnaDevi,andGhanshyam
3 ImpactofDeforestationonFaunalDiversityandIts
ManagementStrategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
AbhishekRaj,ManojKumarJhariya,NahidKhan,
SurendraSinghBargali,Ghanshyam,andAnnpurnaDevi
4 DriversofDeforestation,ForestDegradation,
andManagementResponsesinGhana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
KennethPeprah
5 ForestDegradationinNigeria:CaseStudyofRugu
ForestReserve,KatsinaState. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
SuleimanIgudaLadanandJummaiYusufSaulawa
6 DeforestationandDegradationintheMangroveEcosystem:
ImplicationonEnvironmentandLivelihoods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
SuchindraR.Dayal,KaliovaRavuiwasa,andJahangeerA.Bhat
7 AssessingLandDegradationUsingSDG15.3.1Indicators:
CaseStudyfromClimate-VulnerableAssamStateofIndia. . . . . . . 117
AmitabhaNathandArunJyotiNath
8 BenefitandRiskAnalysisofaNovelNomadicPractice
inNortheastChina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
YanboYang,ChentaoLiang,XitingZhang,andWenjieWang
vviiii
viii Contents
9 SoilDegradation:Causes,Consequences,andAnalyticalTools. . . . 155
U.A.D.PrasanthiGunawardena
10 AccountabilityofWoodyPlantsforRestoringDegradedForest
LandscapesandProvisionforEcosystemServices:
AnOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
SheenuSharma,SabirHussain,PardeepKumar,
andAnandNarainSingh
11 EcologicalRestorationofDegradedForestsforAchievingLand
DegradationNeutrality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
AjaySharma,JohnTracy,andPankajPanwar
12 TreePlantation:ASilverBullettoAchieveCarbonNeutrality?. . . 205
SubashreeKothandaraman,JavidAhmadDar,NajeebAhmadBhat,
SomaiahSundarapandian,andMohammedLatifKhan
13 RoleofProtectedAreainConservationandSustainable
ManagementofBiodiversity:AnIndianPerspective. . . . . . . . . . . . 229
PawanEkka,KavitaParmar,VineetaParmar,AmitKumar,
andPurabiSaikia
14 Structure,Pattern,andCompositionofRiparianVegetationin
North-westernHimalayas,India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
AnuSharmaandNeerajSharma
15 LandDegradationNeutralityinCoastalIndia:CaseofMobius’
StripLinkingPedodiversityandBiodiversity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
TapasBhattacharyyaandVinayakPatil
16 RoleofREDD+inReducingLandDegradationand
AchievingSDGs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
SajithaSiril,ManendraSingh,N.N.Shahina,JahangeerA.Bhat,
GopalShukla,PankajPanwar,andSumitChakravarty
17 CarbonSequestrationActsasaModeratorforSoilRestoration
ofDegradedCoalMinedLands:AnOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
PardeepKumar,SheenuSharma,SabirHussain,
andAnandNarainSingh
18 NatureConservationEffectsonForestCarbonSequestration,
BiodiversityofPlants,andMacrofungi:ACaseStudyinCentral
LesserKhinganMountains,NEChina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
YuanyuanWang,BinbinWang,KaiWang,HuimeiWang,
andWenjieWang
Contents ix
19 UrbanForestResources:AStrategyforAchievingLand
DegradationNeutrality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
NahidKhan,ManojKumarJhariya,AbhishekRaj,KiranBargali,
AnnpurnaDevi,andGhanshyam
20 SoilNitrogenDynamicsandManagementinAgroforestry
SystemsforEcologicalSustainability. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. 381
DeepaRawat,DebaadityaMukhopadhyay,GauravMishra,
andArvindBijalwan
21 LandDegradationNeutralityforAchievingClimateResilience
inAgriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
AvijitGhosh,SukanyaMisra,KhurshidAlam,SouravChoudhury,
RanjitPal,JahangeerA.Bhat,andAmitK.Singh
22 NTFPandHomegardenvis-à-visLandDegradation
Neutrality:SustainableLivelihoodandDevelopment. . . . . . . . . . . 419
TrishalaGurung,MendupTamang,GopalShukla,PankajPanwar,
andSumitChakravarty
23 IndianForests:SustainableUsesanditsRoleinLivelihood
Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
NiloferSheikh,SubhashreePatra,AmitKumar,andPurabiSaikia
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
PankajPanwar hasresearchexperienceof20yearsinsubtemperate,drysubtropi-
cal and humid subtropical climates. He started his carrier as Assistant Professor
(Forestry) in Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal. Later, he joined
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Ranchi Centre as Senior Scientist
(Forestry). Presently, he is working as Principal Scientist (Agroforestry) at
ICAR—Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre—
Chandigarh since 2014. He has to his credit more than 90 research publications
alongwithsevenbooks.Hehasalsopublishedeighttechnicalbulletin/brochuresand
onepolicypaper.Atpresent,Dr.PanwarisworkingonNaturalResourceManage-
ment, watershed development and sustainable land management, tree-crop
interactions in agroforestry and developing land-use technologies for resource
poorfarmers.
Gopal Shukla is Assistant Professor of Forestry in Uttar Banga Krishi
Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. He has worked under NAIP,
NICRA and SERB Projects funded by Government of India. He has more than
75 peer-reviewed national and international publications, four books and 20 book
chapters.He hadguided fivemaster’sandtwodoctoralstudents andhandledthree
externally funded projects. Dr. Shukla received SERB Young Scientist Award in
2011 from Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and
Technology, Government of India, New Delhi and Scientist of the Year Award in
2018. The focus of his research and development work is on forest ecology and
conservationandsustainablelandmanagement.
Jahangeer A. Bhat is currently a faculty member at Rani Lakshmi Bai Central
AgriculturalUniversity,India.HeservedasHead,DepartmentofForestryatCollege
of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Republic of Fiji
Islands.HehasbeeninstrumentalinthedevelopmentofHigherEducation(HE)and
Technicaland VocationalEducationandTraining(TVET)programmes offorestry
andalliedprogrammesatFijiNationalUniversity.Dr.Jahangeerworkedcloselyin
theareaofaccreditationwiththeFijiHigherEducationCommissionandwithother
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