land and agrarian reform

134 Pages·1999·0.86 MB·English

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L A R
AND AND GRARIAN EFORMIN THE
K R
YRGYZ EPUBLIC
edited by
Peter C. Bloch,
James M. Delehanty,
and Michael J. Roth
L A R
DNA DNA NAIRARG MROFE
K R
EHT NI ZYGRY CILBUPE
yb detide
,hcolB .C reteP
,ytnaheleD .M semaJ
dna htoR .J leahciM
llA ,swe i,vsno i,tsantoeirtpardentenmimocer dna snoisulcnoc desserpxe nisiht
repap era esoht fo eht srohtua dna ton ylirassecen esoht fo eht gnitroppus ro
.snoitutits nginitarepooc
821 repaP hcraeseR CTL retneC eruneT dnaL
nosidaM–nisnocsiW fo ytisrevinU
6991 yluJ
thgirypoC © 6991 yb reteP .C ,hcolBsemaJ
M. Delehanty, and Michael J. Roth. All
rights reserved.
sredaeR yam ekam mitabrev seipoc fosiht
tnemucod rof laicremmocnon sesoprupyb
yna ,snaem dedivorp taht siht thgirypoc
ecito nsraeppa no lla hcus.seipoc
iii
STNETNOC FO ELBAT
egaP
stnemgdelwonkcA v
Preface vii
RE1TPAHC OVERVIEW, by ytnahe lsee Dmdhanc JaorleBteP 1
I. e seacbruo slearrutluci r:gdAnuorgk ccaibhpargoeG 1
II. Macroeconomic context for land and agrarian reform 3
III. hcraes ed rntacejorP 5
RE2TPAHC GNIRU TS CGMU NRRFDDMIOTONNRNFSAAANEELFIRRP RLEADGNEUL
NI EHT ZYGR Y:KCI LTBNUEPMESRSESS,AS NDONIATADNEMMOCER
hcr uyhrC r dahnL taloeRah cyibM 9
I. noitcudortnI
II. 3 9h9g1uo r 1 hg9,entn9Rhii1Ktrutcurt smerraF 9
III. tne s 4 eo9,rt9gp1nirutcurt smerraF 41
IV. tnemsses slaageL 42
V. tnemsses scaimonocE 03
VI. noC snoisulc 63
RE3TPAHC nessum seaiR t daynKtanahe lseeD m,yaEbJRUTCU RNTASIRARGA 34
I. noitcudortnI 34
II. 1 9e9r1o feerbutcu rntasirargA 34
III. 5991–1 9,9g1nirutcurt sm serfsraoefcorP 84
IV. 5 9y 9l,1ueJrutcu rntasirargA 45
V. do igrneiprutcur tgsne irtru u prdd tonmubaroaalF 95
RE4TPAHC LAND ADMINISTRATION AND IMMOVABLE PROPERTY REGISTRATION,
by Peter Bloch, Eric Gilbert, and David Stanfield 36
I. noitar tdsnianLimda 36
II. Immovable property titling and registration 47
RE5TPAHC DIMENSIONS OF FA GNIR UNT ICM:U RC REIZTHLYSTBGEURRPYEKR
TNEMSSESSA FO LEVEL-M RSAEFSSECORP DNA,STNIARTSNOC
a k,inreEssu mes ia,t RhaltKeoaR hycbiM ytnahe lsee Dmd,anmJaortsyN 18
I. noitcudortnI 18
II. ygolodoht ehMcraeseR 18
III. Profile of sample state and collective farms 78
IV. Organization of rural committees 98
V. Land privatization 39
VI. sesirpr edte nmsye rclfoiwoftesniretcarahC 201
VII. snoitacram eydradnu odb npaihsrenwodnaL 901
VIII. Property privatization 611
.XI Severity of agricultural problems 321
.X g neoittraudtc utr ntmfesromeasrfsessA 421
v
A
STNEMGDELWONKC
sihT tnemssessa fo dnal dna nairarga mrofer si dednetni ot dia eht tnemnrevog foeht
zygryK cilbupeR )RK( ni gn ilzairnuatglruoceirr gdanal erunet dna dnal tnemeganamni
redro e toatt in loeiihcttaifs noatrt a t.e ykgmrnoainmdonc uerFof eht yduts sdaewdivorp
e r. d u)d netFdokyahlAl or rTuMuh Foyt c(o gfwb sdeiceuokilhrhonnrtgtraioAhBMWt
ton evah neeb detelpmoc tuohtiw eht noitaroballoc fo slaiciffo dna stsitneics ni eht,RK
yllaicepse esoht ni eht .FAM rehtehW ro ton ruo srotaroballoc eerga htiw eht
snoitaterpretni dna snoitadnemmocer detneserp ,ereh rieht snoitubirtnoc ot eht krowera
.detaicerp pyalpe ee drd aneag aypre vnteonedive
eW dluow ylralucitrap ekil ot knaht eht gnitcA retsiniM fo erutlucirgA dna,dooF
tolobkeB ,vokebraglaT dna eht lareneG rotceriD fo eht nacilbupeR retneC rof dnaLdna
,mr onfaeiRrargA luknesE detubi rltennon coysrrt esgpin ni, iw n.moeovlhi elttnioiIlfdAda
yllaitnatsbus ot eht :krow dihsarudbA ,vonamsI ialociN Dorosh, niktieS ,vonagutiAdna
kebiaB veilabusU ni ,kekhsiB dna dihkavudbA vomalasudbA ni Osh. In the State
etarotcepsnI no dnaL secruoseR dna ,gnireenignE eht ,rotceriD kebranyhC ,vomdynsaaK
eht etaicossA ,rotceriD kebnatsrA ,vokydyS erew suoreneg htiw rieht emit dna
gni mhot cishwaterdoif oetvo r hpecmh ritt a e,edresn ple ra.rireisehhettwthlnntuiaseeMr
eugaelloc iegreS vokintolP saw a ydaets dna demrofni-llew dneirf fo eht tcejorpmorf
gninnigeb ot .dne nI eht niba ilracrSutluc i,rygmAedacA ew knaht aralC avoliamsIdna
sanaM ,votamaS sa llew sa eht ,rotceriD iabzygryK ,vehsualA yllaicepse rof rieht
y n.ahMcrae sdelr eginfitatili cenacifnatsissa noyar seettim ml oa scrfd uoadsrenlhaaici ffo
tuohguorht eht RK erew suoreneg htiw rieht emit dna erew gnitadommocca otdnaL
e ht tueolgn ie;swsrehcraes edrle i)fCT Lr(etn eeCruneT mika fo eht noyar fo ,iahzmadaK
rihsmaraK .ssendn idk ntahgis nrialucitr asp irh o,fvonumomudbA
ehT CTL eroc maet saw desopmoc fo semaJ ,ytnaheleD eitaK ,nessumsaRahciM le
,htoR dna reteP .hcolB rehtO CTL ffats dna setaicossa gnikam elbaul asvnoitubirtnocot
eht ngised dna tcudnoc fo eht hcraeser dedulcni divaD ,dleifnatS ennairaM ,hcolBsseJ
,deeR yrraL ,hcruhC dna mailli W.nesuhneseihT ehT snoitubirtnoc fo larevesCTL-non
stsilaiceps dezilibom ot dnel ecnatsissa ni yek saera fo tnemssessa dluohs eb
:degdelwonkca cirE trebliG dna divaD sirraH fo eht ecnandrO yevruS )KU( dnaiskaM
ocaR fo s’CTL ainablA dnaL tekraM noitcA .tcejorP akirE ,mortsyN a tneduts taekuD
.thgis ndietapicitna ndu neacnatsis shacraes etrrep xdeedivo r,pytisrevinU
gnomA etairtapx esrehcraeser dna sresivda ni ,kekhsiB ew etaicerppa ylralucitrapeht
ytilaigelloc dna saedi dereffo yb eht SICAT-UE ,maet ylbaton nhoJ ,gniraehSwerdnA
,senoJ luaP-ornuM ,eruaF dna ynoT .renraW nhoJ elttihW fo eht naisAtnempoleveD
drdeen rl abFl,rikeMnHaB notsuH fo ,DIASU sabanraB eg gdenZa allohdA-t omgeihMS
iv
fo eht dlroW ,knaB enauD draeB fo eht lanoitanretnI ytnuoC-ytiC tnemeganaM
,noitai cdon sansaAhta ndorJaeB er eswuoren ehgtiw rieht emit d n.as t,hygluloahntiFew
knaht aylataN ,avonilmohkuS ahsiM Pruss, iegreS ,hkinbergoP rumiT ,kagdabaraK leenaJ
,av odnnaa te shfatfya at tBsfzpoye gcr rnoryofi KCed ho dtok egreyolo wilyhpbwmeeht
.ytic a tpt racnocei pjapoursp
ret e.PhCcolB
Project Director
r5e9b9m1 e2t1peS
iiv
P
ECAFER
m e drt mnfo sloaoteyarmchsrfmetuostc lgu ncsiitmr i rgc)oaiRfl Ksbsz(n uiyaepgrhertTRyK
eht teivoS are ot detneiro-tekram noitcudorp dna .edart latnemadnuF ot siht troffe simraf
noitazitav i:drgnp naginriulttcnuarmtssie dreht 24 4elacs-eg reatlats dna evitcell oscmraftaht
g tnl muia yepchrddlhta t uenltu llinttaa orplwilnu 0oeauut s9frcorf’9icioy1 rcvregathantuoc
elacs- rsemlrlaa fmdseganam ,ysb l,asuediilv iismdpanufiorg fo ,seilima fdn aetaropromcraf
.sesirpretne mraF gnirutcurtser nageb ni ,1991 tub ssergorp saw luftif litnu ,4991 nehweht
yrtsiniM fo erutlucirgA dna dooF )FAM( deralced sti tnetni ot refsnart ylraen lla foeht
s’yrtnuoc 5.1 noillim seratceh fo elbara dnal ot sredlohllams yb .5991 gniwonK taht adnal
mrofer troffe fo siht edutingam sliatne ,lagel ,evitartsinimda dna cimonoce spihsdrahdna
snoitacilpmoc , eht noituloser fo hcihw lliw ekat ,sraey FAM detcartnoc eht dnaLeruneT
retneC )CTL( ot :eraperp )a( na tnemssessa fo eht shtgnerts dna sgnimoctrohs fo stidnal
mrofer krow ot ,etad dna )b( a noitadilosnoc nalp ot pleh ediug sti stroffe ni gnimoc.sraey
gnidnuF rof tsn’eCmTeLvl osva nwdiedivorp yb eht dlroW ,knaB dna sCrTeLhcraeerseewr
h2guor hytraur b me6oF rRef K hnttinediser August 1995.
sihT troper stneserp s’CTL sgnidnif dna snoitadnemmocer no eht dnal erunetnoitisnart
dna setutitsnoc eht tnemssessa noitrop fo s’CTL detadnam .tuptuo ehT noitamrofndieniatnoc
ni siht troper sah neeb desu ot eraperp a dnoces ,tnemucod Land and Agrarian Reform in the
noit a n:dzaciylilgPlorbsyunKpoeCR , taht sesoporp a tes fo snoitca ot erusne taht ehtsmrofer
.rot cleasrutluci r,gdaetneiro-tek r,ae mleb caauid voddrnepatelp meorca
retpahC 1 sreffo enilesab cihpargoeg fni noitamro no eht ,RK na tnuocca fo eht
c itmnoenmoncoeroirvcn aenmi hcihw smrofer era gnikat ,ecalp a feirb tcej o,ryprotsih dnaa
stea ghyntraoh tc sa l ele adluhrgncgteeai etl n.rp2osardh hoChnchcot rief atmoeephsiterrcsed
n oriostftai l mss sri eniogn tahfeie aitelh en1d urrtR ce9nddlaKenv9annarvii1laavgasreahd
,sn o. riscdgetninntp omaipmd,io yauaytnylhsocaocrCsrncc3 ieabeielldtlaonspgpuimesilnoc
ls aysnoc olidiptntmsaae iln eotsbtaeitgrsncas hencdi e rneuah tittcrauahrr ttgdesaevtalhuser
morf eht lagel dna yrota lnuogietrulov egnir u,d5991 –g1n9i9d1ulcni eht rebmun dna ezisfo
,smraf dnal ,esu dna detaler srotacidni fo dnal erunet egnahc dna nairarga .mrofer retpahC4
sweiv e ,r,eenhrotuittcc undr untyfasc aecviif tfs aeefriotdso ibtnaihmtda tes dn aecrofndenal
dna dnal mrofer ,ycilop sdnemmocer evitartsinimda ,stnemtsujda dna seifitnedi dnal
noitartsinimda sksat eht etats nac dna—etanimile srehto ti lliw deen ot sa—retslob ehtRK
setelpmoc sti noitisnart morf dnam msoecrutcurts ot tekr asmelpicnirp ni .erutlu,cyilrlgaaniF
retpa h5 C s sddyde eee esanrvd tuti urn sc aantuaeeuydticssidbbuadn orcuoCttcTssL no a01
tn eeclrpempas fo rem reotfa tes vdi ntsacmerlalfo c oetbircs etda eht mra flevel seehstseccus
dna sgnimoctrohs fo mrofer serusaem ot ;etad eht retpahc osla sekam snoitadnemmocerrof
.serudeco rd pnsaeicil omprof edrn adleret lrwaoen
re1tpahC
O
WEIVREV
yb
ret ehPcolB dna ystenmaahJeleD
.I G DNUORGKCAB CIHPARGOE A : ESAB ECRUOSER LARUTLUCIRG
no iethuT bsliea rirfttuositivldiu tcnciiarga eht z ycgirlybKu p)eRRK( nac eb dnuof nierugif
.yrtn u enonhocititcud olraprutluci rnogotaitcudo r stsnenaavi r pesa sim.h1T.1 1
,etoN ,tsrif eht tnetxe fo .serutsap fO eht s’cilbuper latot ecafrus aera fo 02noillim
,seratceh 9 noillim seratceh 54( )tnecrep si .erutsap ylluF 58 tnecrep fo larutlucirga dnalsi
ey yl edlb .le nin eltnosoeraiisi huvmot , Ttipc hsRsluptuKadoio porwn srcihipa gtdinnhuaom
.saera roF siht ,nosaer tsom dnal rednu 005,1 sretem evoba aes level )LSAM( si.detavitluc
gniyl -swaoeLra ton rednu eht wolp era ts oymllearitne retniw erutsap yar gd-emduaihdse(m
ni erugif .)1.1 retniW erutsap si dezarg morf rebmevoN hguorht hcraM erehw wonsrevoc
.yrasse ceseranut sraept nsitwnem gruead d to.ufsCtimrep
remmuSerutsap dedahs( htiw a hcuot fo )yarg si erom .evisnetxe tI sesirpmoceht
s’yrt ntusoacv shdg ninahelesws ta0er0bg0,2 dna 000,3 LSAyMle ts aedmtniuaxtoirtpspnaoc
driht-eno fo eht .yrtn udoecrevoc-won Sgnirud hcum fo eht ,raey eht remmus erutsap enozsi
desu yb sredreh gnirud ,enuJ ,yluJ dna .tsu geutAaidemretn Isenoz neewteb( 005,1 dna000,2
1es.r a1u dgneiiiffitn ee)drLiaSAM elrluatfs-agpnirps n dl,i, ddneiyannnisragiaaupMaA
re.b rmdeenbtaoptecSO
nI ,0991 tsuj erofeb eht gninnigeb fo ,mrofer kcotsevil dna kcotsevil stcudorpdetnuocca
rof t0n6ec rfeop sker c he seol tb.srtaemso esruudr:weul nogsvtaso wilvagfoLuolc0li1orfga
r e edkrnceuowts eylvll ira.laseeN s0r0o0 h ,,d0en0la 3tntoai c l,2ls . itp1dm aennoeaoghisllim
s rkecbom tu .snesevmv iristaLe cfsdeinlral polrcaertuntel ueeclti aarlctg ossaer -htfetnogorcal
evah denilced tahwemos ecnis ,0991 sa sah eht noitubirtnoc fo eht kcotsevil rotces otlatot
lta urs puretteeultsoup( ca3ihrcg adna.)5
faoe rdan allat ost’noit ae n hfstoeratc enhoill i5 m.t1s usjetutitsn odcn adletavitluC
20 nia rsgwo h1s .e1rug i.Fnia r ogdtetna l spdinalpo rec h ftfol athuo b.Aseratc enhoill im

1 Glavnoye upravlenie geodezii I kartografii , Atlas ogoks’leS avtsjaizohK ,RSSS Ministerstva Geologii I
Okhrany Nedr SSSR , Moskva, 1960, p. 265. Translations of the map legend and captions are literal but
accurate. Elsewhere in this document Chuya is transliterated as Chui.
2