Lake Titicaca: A Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge

605 Pages·1992·16.91 MB·English

by  Alain Lavenu (auth.), C. Dejoux, A. Iltis (eds.)

30'
" ' SOTO
La go
• Chucuito
Paucarcolla
' I TAOUtlE
.0
0
-
CC)
81
LAKE
0 10 ·~
BRA IL
~
,.~...
\ .....
\
\
\
\
IIA COPAC....A BANA
..
LAKE TITICACA
MONOGRAPHIAE
BIOLOGICAE
VOLUME68
Series Editors
H.J. Dumont and M.J.A. Werger
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Lake Titicaca
A Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge
Edited by
C. DEJOUX and A. ILTIS
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lake Titlcaca a syntho.s1s of l 1mnolog1cal knowledge 1 edited by C.
DeJoux and A. Iltis.
p. cm. -- <Monograph1ae biolog1cae ; v. 68>
Includes indexes.
ISBN 978-94-010-5061-6 ISBN 978-94-011-2406-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2406-5
1. Limnology--Tlticaca Lake <Peru and Bollvia) 2. Aquatic
resources--Titicaca Lake <Peru and Bolivial I. Dejoux, Claude.
II. Iltis, A. III. Series.
OP1.P37 val. 68
[OH128]
574 s--dc20
[574.5"26322'098412] 92-7958
ISBN 978-94-010-5061-6
Printed on acid-free paper
Ali Rights Reserved
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally pub1ished by K1uwer Academic Publishers in 1992
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any
information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
Table of Contents
Editors' note xi
Preface Xlll
Introduction XV
List of contributors xxi
A. ABIOTIC ASPECTS
I. ORIGINS
1.1. Formation and geological evolution 3
A. Lavenu
References of chapter I 14
II. GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENTATION
Il.l. Morphology and bathymetry 16
D. Wirrmann
11.2. General aspects of present-day sedimentation 23
L.A. Rodrigo and D. Wirrmann
11.3. Temporal sedimentation patterns in the nearshore littoral of Lago
Huifiaimarca 29
M.W. Binford, M. Brenner and D.R. Engstrom
References of chapter II 38
VI Contents
III. PALEOHYDROLOGY
III.l. A 20,000 years paleohydrological record from Lake Titicaca 40
D. Wirrmann, J.-P. Ybert and P. Mourguiart
III.2. Ancient lake environments as deduced from pollen analysis 49
J.-P. Ybert
References of chapter III 61
IV. CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY
IV .1. Climatology and hydrology of the Lake Titicaca basin 63
M.A. Roche, J. Bourges, J. Cortes and R. Mattos
References of chapter III 84
V. PHYSICO-CHEMISTRY
V.l. Physico-chemical properties of the water 89
A. litis, J.-P. Carmouze and J. Lemoalle
V.2. Hydrochemical regulation of the lake and water chemistry of
its inflow rivers 98
J.-P. Carmouze, C. Arze and J. Quintanilla
V.3. Dissolved matter and suspended sediment loads in some inflow
rivers and in the Rio Desaguadero 113
J.L. Guyot, J.-G. Wasson, J. Quintanilla and H. Calle
V.4. The thermal stratification regime in Lake Titicaca 120
P .J. Richerson
V.S. The energy balance 131
J.-P. Carmouze
V.6. Nutrients and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton 147
W.A. Wurtsbaugh, W.F. Vincent, C.L. Vincent, H.J. Carney,
P.J. Richerson and R. Alfaro Tapia
References of chapter V 157
Contents vn
B. BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Vl.l. PHYTOPLANKTON
VI.1a. The diatoms 163
S. Servant-Vildary
VI.1b. Algae: General floristic study 176
A. litis
VI.1c. Phytoplankton: Quantitative aspects and populations 182
A. litis
Vl.1d. Patterns of planktonic primary production and algal biomass 196
P.J. Richerson, P.J. Neale, R. Alfaro Tapia, H.J. Carney,
X. Lazzaro, W. Vincent and W. Wurtsbaugh
References of chapter VI.1 218
VI.2. MACROPHYTES
VI.2a. The higher plants 223
A. Raynal-Roques
VI.2b. Charophytes 232
M. Guerlesquin
VI.2c. Higher plants: Distribution and biomass 241
A. litis and P. Mourguiart
References of chapter VI.2 253
VI.3. ZOOPLANKTON
Vl.3a. The Cladocera 254
J. Rey
Vl.3b. Zooplankton distribution in the Bolivian part of the lake 268
J. Pinto
VI.3c. Temporal and spatial variation of zooplankton in Lago 276
Grande
A.L. Pawley and P .J. Richerson
VI.3d. Note on the feeding behaviour of zooplankton 285
C. Dejoux and A. litis
References of chapter VI.3 286
VI.4. BENTHIC FAUNA
VI.4a. The Bryozoa and Coelenterata 289
C. Dejoux
vm Contents
VI.4b. The Porifera: Description of a new taxon Balliviaspongia 295
wirrmanni n.g. n.sp.
N. Boury-Esnault and C. Volkmer-Ribeiro
VI.4c. The benthic oligochaetes 302
M. Lafont and J. Juget
VI.4d. The Tricladida and Hirudinea 307
C. Dejoux
VI.4e. The Mollusca 311
C. Dejoux
VI.4f. The Ostracoda 337
P. Mourguiart
VI.4g. The Amphipoda 346
C. Dejoux
VI.4h. The Hydracarina 357
C. Dejoux
VI.4i. The insects 365
C. Dejoux
VI.4j. The benthic populations: Distribution and seasonal variations 383
C. Dejoux
References of chapter VI.4 401
VI.5. FISH FAUNA
VI.5a. Native species. The Orestias 405
L. Lauzanne
VI.5bl. Introduced species: 1. Salmo gairdneri (rainbow trout) 420
G. Loubens
VI.5b2. Introduced species: 2. Basilichthys bonariensis
(the "Pejerrey") 427
G. Loubens and F. Osorio
References of chapter VI.5 445
VI.6. ASSOCIATED ANIMAL COMMUNITIES
VI.6a. The Amphibia 449
J. Vellard
VI.6b. The Ophidians 458
J. Vellard
VI.6c. The avifauna 460
C. Dejoux
References of chapter VI.6 468