laelias of mexico - Herbario AMO

166 Pages·2010·45.28 MB·English

LAELIAS OF MEXICO
Federico Halbinger and Miguel Soto
Illustrations by Rolando Jiménez,
Ricardo Peláez and Roberto González Tamayo
Orquídea (Méx.)
Herbario AMO
Mexico City
1997
ORQUIDEA (MEX.) VOLUMEN 15.
NUMERO UNICO
OCTUBRE 1997
REVISTA DEL HERBARIO AMO
Publicación dedicada primordialmente a la orquideoflora N eotropical.
A publication devoted primarily to the Neotropical orchid flora.
COMITE EDITORIAL
Eric Hágsater, AMO (Editor)
Miguel Soto, AMO (Editor Ejecutivo)
Ed Greenwocxi, AMO (Coeditor)
Robert L. Dressler, FLAS
Phillip 1. Cribb, K
Jerzy Rzedowski, IEB
Paul M. Catling, DAO
Charles 1. Sheviak, NYS
Fernando Chiang, MEXU
Registrada en la Dirección del Derecho de Autor
de la Secretaría de Educación Pública bajo el número 608/71.
ISSN 0300-3701
ISBN -968-7889-03-9
MEXICO, D.F.
1997
To my wife Olly, my son Gerardo, and
my daughter Brigitte
Federico Halbinger
To my sister Velia Soto
Miguel Soto
Halbinger & Soto: Laelias of Mexico
CONTENTS
List of photographs 5
List of figures 8
Presentation 9
Abstract - Resumen 11
Foreword 12
Introduction 13
The genus Laelia and its classification 15
Cladistic analysis of Mexican Laelia and related groups 21
Climate, Habitat, and Cultivation 29
Ecology 31
Conservation 35
Taxonomic treatment
Generic description 38
Key for identification of Mexican Laelias 40
The Laelia species:
Laelia albida 43
Laelia anceps subsp. anceps 51
Laelia anceps subsp. dawsonii 63
Laelia aurea 77
Laelia autumnalis 83
Laelia crawshayana 97
Laelia eyermaniana 103
Laelia Jurfuracea 111
Laelia gouldiana 119
Laelia rubescens 125
Laelia speciosa 135
Laelia superbiens 145
Natural hybrids in Laelia 151
Excluded Taxa 155
References 155
Index 156
Appendix 1 159
Appendix 2 160
4 ORQUIDEA (MEX.) 15. OCTOBER 1997
Halbinger & Soto: Laelias of Mexico
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LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS 54: Photo 13. Laelia anceps subsp. anceps wilh
a darker axialline on petaIs. Photo E. Aguirre.
Pictures by F. Halbinger, except when noted. Photo 14. Laelia anceps subsp. anceps from Chiapas.
Photo 15. A Laelia anceps subsp. anceps wilh narrow
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.!Q: Photos 1 and 2. Lateral and front view of segments. Photo P. Monney.
lhe gullet formed by lhe lip and column in Laelia Photo 16. Laelia anceps subsp. anceps from
eyermaniana. Photos E. Greenwood. Chavarrillo, Veracruz.
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18: Photo 3. The pollinarium of Laelia 55: Photo 17. Laelia anceps subsp. anceps; a
eyermaniana, back. Photo E. Greenwood. ., semialba carnea" .
Photo 18. Laelia anceps subsp. anceps, a pale-colored
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19: Photos 4,5,6. Three different types of specimen from Veracruz. Photo J. Lamas.
columns found in lhe Mexican Laelias. Lef!, Laelia
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superbiens, note lhe bilobed, saddle-shaped anlher. 57: Photo 19. Laelia anceps subsp. anceps cv.
Center, L. rubescens wilh a long triangular stigma "Cielito Lindo", MO/AMO. A semialba wilh
and a prominent viscarium. Right, L. eyermaniana, amelhyst tip, apparently from Veraeruz, a type known
showing lhe structure found in most species. Photos in horticulture as "veitchiana ". Photo J. Lamas.
by E. Hágsater and E. Greenwood. Photo 20. A Laelia anceps subsp. anceps wilh white
flowers and reddish stripes in lhe throat.
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46: Photo 7. A clump of Laelia albida grown on
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a mesquite tree in Teposcolula, Oaxaca. 58: Photo 21. A very rounded form of Laelia
Photo 8. AL. albida from Oaxaca showing lhe most anceps subsp. anceps from Guatemala.
common color of!bis species. Photo 22. Laelia anceps subsp. anceps cv.
"Mendenhall", AM/AOS, a polyploid plant.
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47: Photo 9. Laelia albida "Achim", MP/AMO.
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Photo E. Hágsater. 59: Photos 23 and 24. Two different plants ()f L.
Photo 10. Laelia albida "Kalherine", MP/AMO. anceps subsp. anceps from central Veracruz.
Photo E. Hágsater.
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60: Photo 25. Laelia anceps subsp. anceps,
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49: Photo 11. Laelia albida "Bella de Moore" , growing wild in Chiapas. Photo J. Lamas.
MP/AMO. Photo 26. Laelia anceps subsp. anceps, a speeimen
Photo 12. Laelia albida fading to salmon pink, from from Veracruz wilh striped petaIs, like lhe old cv.
soulhem Oaxaca. "Lineata". Photo J. Lamas.
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61: Photo 27. Laelia anceps subsp .. anceps ev.
"Doña Marina", MOl AMO. Photo J. Lamas.
* Foot note: Infraspecific taxonomic categories used
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in this work are, in hierarchical order, subspecies 65: Photo 28. Laelia anceps subsp. dawsonii f.
(subsp.), form (f.) and cultivar (cv.); lhe subspecies dawsonii cv. "Pacífico", MPI AMO, one of lhe few
indicating large geographical variation; form is specimens wilh semialba flowers, similar to lhe
applied for color and shape minor variations usually original Tucker's specimen. Photo J. Lamas.
restricted to a single or few populations; and cultivar
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for outstanding single clones of horticultural interest. 68: Photo 29. Laelia anceps subsp. dawsonii f.
VarietaI names have been avoided since its use and dawsonii cv. "Jalisco", MBI AMO
biological signifieance is not as clear as lhe categories Photo 30. Laelia anceps subsp. dawsonii f. dawsonii,
above mentioned. a pale semialba. Photo M. Soto.
ORQUIDEA (MEX.) 15. OCTOBER 1997 5
Halbillger & Soto: Laelias of Mexico
~ 69: Photo 31. Laelia anceps subsp. dawsonii f. ~ 92: Photo 49. Laelia autumnalis f. atrorubens
dawsonii cv. "Helen". Photo J. Lamas. "San Lucas", MP/AMO. Photo E. Hágsater.
Photo 32. Laelia anceps subsp. dawsonii f. dawsonii.
An uncommon pale-colored specimen. Photo J. ~ 93: Photo 50. The artificial hybrid between
Lamas. Laelia autumnalis and L. furfuracea. Photo R.
Jiménez.
~ 72: Photo 33. Laelia anceps subs. dawsonii f. Photo 51. Laelia autumnalis f. xanthotrophis from
chilapensis, the original type specimell. Photo P. Nayarit'. Note the more yellow callus and tbroat
Monney. heavily marked with purple lines.
Photo 34. Laelia anceps subs. dawsonii f. chilapensis
cv. "Estrella del Sur" MO/AMO. Photo J. Lamas. ~ 100: Photo 52. A common color in Laelia
crawshayana.
~ 74: Photo 35. Raceme of Laelia anceps subsp. Photo 53. Another common form of Laelia
dawsonii f. chilapensis crawshayana. E. Hágsater 3244. Photo E. Hágsater.
Photo 36. A seller of "calaveritas", Chilapa,
Guerrero. Photo M. Soto. ~ 1QL Photo 54. Laelia crawshayana, a pale
colored flower.
~ 75: Photo 37. Laelia anceps subsp. dawsonii f. Photo 55. A raceme of Laelia crawshayana.
chilapensis, the most common type seen in
cultivation. ~ 107: Photo 56. A raceme of Laelia
Photo 38. Laelia anceps subsp. dawsonii. M. Soto eyermaniana; note the characteristic thickenings at the
7449. An intermediate between forms dawsonii and apex of the sepals in the floral buds.
chilapensis. Photo F. Halbinger. Photo 57. A darker form of L. eyermaniana from SW
Chihuahua.
~ 78: Photo 39. Laelia aurea cv. "Nayar",
MP/AMO, type specimen of this species. ~ 108: Photo 58. Laelia eyermaniana from
Jalisco, E. Hágsater 4151. Photo E. Hágsater.
~ 81: Photo 40. Laelia aurea from Nayarit. Photo 59. Laelia eyermaniana with a dark midlobe of
Photo 41. Laelia aurea from Sinaloa. Note the the !ip and pale tepals. Photo E. Hágsater.
narrow segments.
~ 109: Photo 60. Typical color in L. furfuracea.
~ 82: Photo 42. Laelia autumnalis f. autumnalis, M. Soto 6269. Photo R. Jiménez.
typical color, from More!ia, Michoacán. Photo 61. Laelia furfuracea and L. autumnalis
Photo 43. Laelia autumnalis f. autumnalis, cv. "Ana growing on a plum tree in Federico Halbinger' s
Lilia", MB/ AMO. garden in Mexico City.
~ 86: Photos 44-45. Two different clones of ~ ll±;, Photo 62. Laelia furfuracea, a very dark
Laelia autumnalis f. autumnalis showing the color formo
variation in this formo
~ ~ Photo 63. Laelia furfuracea cv. "Stella",
~ 88: Photo 46. Laelia autumnalis f. autumnalis MO/AMO.
from Tangancícuaro, Michoacán. Photo 64. A pale-colored flower of Laelia furfuracea.
Photo 47. A cultivated clump of Laelia autumnalis.
~ 116: Photo 65. A very pale-colored flower of
~ 89: Photo 48. Laelia autumnalis f. atrorubens Laelia furfuracea.
"Magna", MO/AMO. Photo 66. Laeliafurfuracea with darker !ip.
6 ORQUIDEA (MEX.) 15. OCTOBER 1997
HaJbinger & Soto: Laelias of Mexico
~ llL Photo 67. Raceme of LaeLia goulitiana. somewhat darker than usual.
Photo 87. Laelia speciosa "Jupiter", MOl AMO,
~ 122: Photo 68. Laelia goulitiana. anoutstanding dark, full flower; note the heavily
Photo 69. Laelia goulitiana. rnarked tip.
~ 123: Photo 70. Laelia Autoceps, the artificiaJ ~ 143: Photo 88. Raceme of Laelia superbiens
hybrid between Laelia anceps and L. autlimJlfllis. E. from Chiapas.
Hágsater 6009. Photo E. Hágsater.
Photo 71. A cultivated specimen of Laelia goulitiana. ~ 147: Photo 89. Close-up of the callus of Laelia
superbiens. Photo E. Greenwood.
~ 128: Photo 72. Laelia rubescens from Photo 90. A raceme with paJer flowers Laelia
Campeche. Photo G. Pollard. superbiens from Chiapas.
Photo 73. A raceme of Laelia rubescens from coastal
Jalisco. Note the bright yellow disc, typicaJ of the ~ 153: Photos 91-92. Two members of a hybrid
plants from this area. swarm between Laelia anceps subsp. anceps and L.
superbiens. Both plants from northem Oaxaca. Left, a
~ 129: Photo 74. The alba form of Laelia specimen cultivated by A. Jones; right a plant
rubescens; this clone from Guatemala has very large collected by A. Lau (sub E. Hágsater 9539). Photos
flowers. by P.M. Catling and R. Jiménez, respectively.
Photo 75. Laelia rubescens, a common formo
Photo 76. Laelia rubescens with white flowers and ~ 154: Photo 93. A plant presumed to be a naturaJ
blotched throat. hybrid between Laelia albicla and L. eyermaniana. N.
Bashor 680-A. Photo N. Bashor.
~ l32: Photo 77. Laelia rubescens f. peduncularis Photo 94. Laelia rubescens cv. "Ocuilan" MP/AMO.
from Guerrero. Photo E. Greenwood. E. Pérez 302. A specimen thought to have some
Photo 78. Laelia rubescens f. peduncularis from genetic influence of L. anceps subsp. clawsonii. Photo
southem Oaxaca, G. Salazar 4873. Photo R. Jiménez. R. Jiménez.
~ l33: Photo 79. The habitat of Laelia speciosa in
the dry season, near Lake Pátzcuaro, Michoacán.
Photo M. Soto.
Photo 80. A rather common color and shape in Laelia
speciosa
~ 136: Photo 81. Laelia speciosa growing wild in
Hidalgo, with Jorge Lamas.
~ 138: Photo 82. A very paJe-colored specimen of
Laelia speciosa.
Photo 83. Laelia speciosa aJba.
~ l39: Photo 84. A unique pastel pink-flowered
plan! of Laelia speciosa.
Photo 85. A paje colored Laelia speciosa.
~ 142: Photo 86. Laelia speciosa with flowers
ORQUIDEA (MEX.) 15. OCTOBER 1997 7