Table Of ContentLABOUR'S WRONGS AND LABOUR'S REMEDY
This page intentionally left blank
LABOUR'S 'tVRONGS
AND LABOUR'S REMEDY
OR
THE AGE OF MIGHT
AND THE AGE OF RIGHT
BY
JOHN F. BRAY
[1839]
1
FRANK CASS & CO LTD
LONDON 1968
First Edition 1839
LEEDS: PUBLISHED BY DAVID GREEN, BRIGGATE
J. GUEST, STEELHOUSE-LANE, BIRMINGHAM
A. HEYWOOD, OLDHAM-STREET, MANCHESTER
AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS
Reprinted 1968 by
AUGUSTUS M. KE.LLEY· PUBLISHERS
New York New York 10010
Transferred to Digital Printing 2005
Published in the United Kingdom by
FRANK CASS & CO LTD
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
LABOUR'S WRONGS
AND LABOUWS REMEDY;
OB,
THE AGE OF MIGHT
AND THE AGE OF RIGHT.
BY J. F. BRAY.
"We Are a numerous people, and we want 8trength! We have an
excellent soU, and W6 1IJ'6 destitute of provision! We lIJ'e active and
laoorious, and W6 live in indigence! We pay enormous tributes, and
we Are told that they 1IJ'6 not sufficient ! We are at peace without, and
ciur peraons .nd property are not safe wlthin! What, then, ie the secrct
enemy that devoura uB?"-Ruins 0/ Empire• .
LEEDS:
PUBLISHED BY DAVID GREEN, BRIGGATE;
J. GUEST. STEELHOUSE·LANE. BIRMINGHAM
A. HEYWOOD. 60. OLDHAM·STREET. MANCHESTER;
AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.
1839.
This page intentionally left blank
PREFACE.
Whenever any crisis in the affail's of men is about to
take place, there is ever to be found a number of people
ready to preach up things as they are. These champions
fight stoutly and cunningly against the innovation of
existing institutions and modes of acting; and they
endeavour to reason the sensible and alarm the timid
into remaining quiet, and enduring meekly whatever evils
they may be afRicted with. Belonging to one class, and
having in view a common object, these alarmists attempt
to convince the people that everything is almost as weIl as
it can be-that few evils are endured by them which are
not necessary consequences of existence-that their
governmental burthens may be alleviated by gradual and
imperceptible reforms-that the present gradatiolls of
society, which cause so much discontelltmellt among the
poor and the oppressed, have always existed, and therefore
ever mllst exist-and that any attempts of the productive
classes to better themselves by interfering with this
"natural arrangement of society," will be attended with
the most disastrous results to themselves.
Notwithstanding the sage advice and the gloomy fore_
bodings of these friellds of the people, the latter are
perpetually endeavouring to the utmost of their power, by
means of political and trades' unions, to alter the present
state of things, and keep to themselves that vast amount
of weaIth which is annually taken from them by existing
usages. But, conscious of having justice on their side, the
productive classes have hitherto regal'ded the end more
IV
than the means; and the first has been unattainable only
because the latter were inadequate. The equality of social
and political rights which the masses have so long con
tended for, is consonant with reason and justice, or it is
not. If it be not, then should their ignorance and injus
tice be exposed by those whose rights alld privileges the
people are trespassing upon by their assumption of
equality. But if such equality of rights be in accordance
with the immutable principles of truth and justice, then
are the peop!e bound to contend for it wholly and immedi_
ately; and to cease praying, piecemeal, for that wh ich
ought to be conceded to them unhesitatingly, and at ouce.
The diversity of opinion which exists on political mat_
ters, and the anomaJies seen in connection with a merely
political equality, caU for more evidence than has yet been
given of the peculiar efficacy of any particular govern
mental remedy to accomplish the end desired. To acquire
such evidence by reasoning from first principles, and by a
rigid comparison of theory with fact, should be the first
great object of the productive classes, and the prelude to
aU demands for change. Had they not been thus deficiE'nt
in the knowledge of principles, they would not now have
had to mOUl'n over the fate of the many powerful poIitical
and trades' combinations which have been wrecked in the
vain eßdeavours to obtain redress for their wrongs·
Unless men discover and remove causes, they can nevel'
escape from consequences. Whatever may be the con_
c1usions arrived at by such an examination, in regard to
the excellence of particulal' governmental reforms, or the
fitness or unfitness of the present socia! system, the in_
quiry cannot but serve the cause of truth. Ignorance itself,
in its blind gl'opings for the unknown and undefined,
often accidentally stumbles upon truths which years of
laborious and systematic apillication have failed to bring
to light.
v
From theirpresent condition and future prospects, there
is no class of the community which political 01' socia!
changes can concern more nearly than they do the pro_
ductive classes; and none are more imperatively called
upon to search for the truth, and look into the future.
Hanging, as the economists say they are, "on the skirts
of existence,"-living, as so many thousands of tllem do,
from hand to mouth-the producers are at the mercy,
and bear almost the entire brunt, of every storm which
interferes with 01' disturbs the existing arrangements of
society, pol i tical 01' commerciaI. No unfavourable ci 1'
cumstance acts upon one class, which does not instantly
re-act with double force upon the productive class-no
loss is suffered by any portion of the community, which
tue latter class have not eventually to make good. Thus
situated-thus placed, by their position, at the mercy of men
and classes who can have no fellow_feeling with them-it
behoves the producers to determine wh ether their present
condition may not be improved, and to discover what are
the particular means whereby such improvement may be
eifected. The experience of every year and every day
teaches them, that, however circumscribed may be their
knowledge of the eauses whieh have led to the existing
state of things, they cannot know less than those who
have hitherto professed to govern and direct them. The
time for blind submisson to established authorities and
usages is passing away; for no important event transpires
which does not proclaim the utter inability of rulers in
general to conceive of, and their complete ineapacity to
cope with 01' direct, the great trutllS and principles which
are every day coming into view.
If the productive classes would be successful in their
search for a remedy, they must proceed in the path of
discovery unfettered by those notions which are so sedu
lously instilIed into them, respecting their own inferiority
