Labour Relations and Industrial Performance in Brazil: Greater Sao Paulo, 1945-1960 (St. Antony's)

253 Pages·2001·1.42 MB·English

by  Renato Colistete

Labour Relations and
Industrial Performance
in Brazil
Greater São Paulo, 1945-60
Renato Colistete
colistete/95619/crc 25/4/01 1:52 pm Page 1
St Antony’s Series
General Editor: Richard Clogg(1999– ), Fellow of St Antony’s College,
Oxford
Recent titles include:
Louise Haagh
CITIZENSHIP, LABOUR MARKETS AND DEMOCRATIZATION
Chile and the Modern Sequence
Renato Colistete
LABOUR RELATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE IN BRAZIL
Greater São Paulo, 1945–1960
Peter Lienhardt (edited by Ahmed Al-Shahi)
SHAIKHDOMS OF EASTERN ARABIA
John Crabtree and Laurence Whitehead (editors)
TOWARDS DEMOCRATIC VIABILITY
The Bolivian Experience
Steve Tsang (editor)
JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE AND THE RULE OF LAW IN HONG KONG
Karen Jochelson
THE COLOUR OF DISEASE
Syphilis and Racism in South Africa, 1880–1950
Julio Crespo MacLennan
SPAIN AND THE PROCESS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION, 1957–85
Enrique Cárdenas, José Antonio Ocampo and Rosemary Thorp (editors)
AN ECONOMIC HISTORY OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY LATIN AMERICA
Volume 1: The Export Age
Volume 2: Latin America in the 1930s
Volume 3: Industrialization and the State in Latin America
Jennifer G. Mathers
THE RUSSIAN NUCLEAR SHIELD FROM STALIN TO YELTSIN
Marta Dyczok
THE GRAND ALLIANCE AND UKRAINIAN REFUGEES
Mark Brzezinski
THE STRUGGLE FOR CONSTITUTIONALISM IN POLAND
Suke Wolton
LORD HAILEY, THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND THE POLITICS OF RACE AND
EMPIRE IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR
The Loss of White Prestige
Junko Tomaru
THE POSTWAR RAPPROCHEMENT OF MALAYA AND JAPAN, 1945–61
The Roles of Britain and Japan in South-East Asia
colistete/95619/crc 25/4/01 1:52 pm Page 2
Eiichi Motono
CONFLICT AND COOPERATION IN SINO-BRITISH BUSINESS, 1860–1911
The Impact of the Pro-British Commercial Network in Shanghai
Nikolas K. Gvosdev
IMPERIAL POLICIES AND PERSPECTIVES TOWARDS GEORGIA, 1760–1819
Bernardo Kosacoff
CORPORATE STRATEGIES UNDER STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT IN ARGENTINA
Responses by Industrial Firms to a New Set of Uncertainties
Ray Takeyh
THE ORIGINS OF THE EISENHOWER DOCTRINE
The US, Britain and Nasser’s Egypt, 1953–57
Derek Hopwood (editor)
ARAB NATION, ARAB NATIONALISM
Judith Clifton
THE POLITICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN MEXICO
Privatization and State–Labour Relations, 1928–95
Cécile Laborde
PLURALIST THOUGHT AND THE STATE IN BRITAIN AND FRANCE, 1900–25
Craig Brandist and Galin Tihanov (editors)
MATERIALIZING BAKHTIN
C. S. Nicholls
THE HISTORY OF ST ANTONY’S COLLEGE, OXFORD, 1950–2000
Anthony Kirk-Greene
BRITAIN’S IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATORS, 1858–1966
Laila Parsons
THE DRUZE BETWEEN PALESTINE AND ISRAEL, 1947–49
St Antony’s Series
Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71109–2
(outside North America only)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with
your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above.
Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
colistete/95619/crc 25/4/01 1:52 pm Page 3
Labour Relations and
Industrial Performance
in Brazil
Greater São Paulo, 1945–60
Renato Colistete
Assistant Professor
Department of Economics
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Brazil
in association with
St Antony’s College, Oxford
colistete/95619/crc 25/4/01 1:52 pm Page 4
© Renato Colistete 2001
All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of
this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or
transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court
Road,London W1P 0LP.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this
publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil
claims for damages.
The author has asserted his right to be identified
as the author of this work in accordance with the
Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2001 by
PALGRAVE
Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and
175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010
Companies and representatives throughout the world
PALGRAVEis the new global academic imprint of
St.Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and
Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd).
ISBN 0–333–94924–2
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and
made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Colistete,Renato.
Labour relations and industrial performance in Brazil :greater
Sao Paulo,1945–1960
p.cm.— (St.Antony’s series)
Originally presented as the author’s thesis.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0–333–94924–2
1.Industrial productivity—Brazil—São Paulo Metropolitan
Area—History.2.Industrial efficiency—Brazil—São Paulo
Metropolitan Area—History.3.Industrial relations—Brazil–
–São Paulo Metropolitan Area—History.4.Metalworking
industries—Brazil—São Paulo Metropolitan Area—History.
5.Textile industry—Brazil—São Paulo Metropolitan Area–
–History.I.Title:Labour relations and industrial performance
in Brazil.II.Title.III.Series.
HC189.S33 C64 2001
331’.0981—dc21
00–069601
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01
Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd,Chippenham,Wiltshire
To my parents

Contents
List of Figures xi
List of Tables xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
Acknowledgements xix
Preface xxi
PART I THE INDUSTRIAL WORKFORCE AND
THE LABOUR MARKETS
1 The Structure of the Labour Markets 3
Industrial employment 3
Workforce growth 4
Industries, cities and employment 5
Employment in selected cases 9
Composition of the workforce 11
Skills 12
Women workers 15
The young workforce 19
Skills in selected cases 20
Wages 22
Wage structure 22
Wage systems and determination 25
Wages and internal division of the workforce 26
2 Shaping the Labour Markets 33
Industrialists and the National Service for Industrial
Training (SENAI) 34
The industrial training system – SENAI 35
Programmes and problems of industrial training 37
Scarcity, migration and quality of workforce 41
The politics of wage bargaining 45
Workplace and wage bargaining 46
Institutions, political groups and wage bargaining 54
vii
viii Contents
PART II WORKING CONDITIONS
3 The Factory Environment 65
Medical and hygiene facilities 66
Sector conditions 66
Medical and hygiene facilities in individual cases 69
Occupational health hazards 71
Environmental conditions in the textile sector 71
Environmental conditions in the metalworking sector 74
Industrial safety and accidents 80
Sector conditions 80
Accidents and injuries in individual cases 81
Welfare facilities 84
Sector comparisons 84
Welfare facilities in individual cases 86
Hours of work 87
4 Shaping the Factory Environment 93
Legislation and labour rights 93
Origins and enforcement of the labour laws 94
Perspectives on labour rights 96
Industrialists and the Social Service of
Industry (SESI) 99
Post-Second World War conflicts and the
creation of SESI 99
Welfare and industrial hygiene programmes 103
Workers and the struggle over factory conditions 108
Workers’ shop floor organisation and factory conditions 108
Trade unions, political groups and the struggle over
labour rights 113
PART III INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE
5 Industrial Capabilities 121
Technical capability 122
The machine-tool industry 122
The vehicle parts industry 125
The motor vehicle industry 128
The textile industry 132
The organisation of work 134
The mechanical industry 135
The electrical equipment industry 136
Contents ix
The transport equipment industry 137
The textile industry 139
Productivity 141
Productivity performance 141
Sources of productivity growth 150
6 The Political Economy of Productivity Performance 153
Interpreting productivity 154
Interpreting the causes of low productivity 154
Productivity in the context of the Cold War 160
The politics of productivity 164
Productivity bargaining in the workplace 164
Political economy, productivity and protectionism 174
7 Conclusions 183
Appendix A: Basic Economic and Labour Statistics 186
Appendix B: Factory Conditions in São Paulo 193
Notes 194
Bibliography 210
Index 222