Table Of ContentLabour Relations
Also l!y Frank BurchiU
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
The NHS: A Case Study (with Alice Casey)
Labour Relations
Second Edition
Frank Burchill
* C) Frank Burchill 1992, 1997
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First edition 1992
Reprinted twice
Second edition 1997
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ISBN 978-0-333-69521-0 ISBN 978-1-349-14497-6 (eBook)
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To Jan, Stephen, John,
Kath and Liz
Contents
List of Tables and Figures x
List of Abbreviations xu
Introduction to the Second Edition xv
1 Harmony and Conflict 1
Perspectives 2
Conclusion and Further Reading 9
2 The Market for Labour 11
The Neoclassical Model 12
'In the long run we are all dead' 20
Conflict 22
The UK Labour Market 24
Conclusion and Further Reading 33
3 Trade Unions 35
The Origins and Growth of Trade 35
The Early Unions 37
British Unions Today 39
The Condition of the Unions 42
Trade Union Recognition 54
The Closed Shop 55
Union Responses 55
Multiunionism 58
Size of Unions 60
Conclusion and Further Reading 60
4 The Government of Unions 61
From 'Primitive' to 'Representative' Democracies 61
Shop Stewards 70
The Trades Union Congress 72
Conclusion and Further Reading 74
vii
viii Contents
5 The Employers 75
Management 76
Employers' Associations 76
The Enterprise 80
Management Strategies 85
Conclusion and Further Reading 90
6 Collective Bargaining 91
Coverage at Collective Bargaining 93
Bargaining Levels 94
Bargaining Units 97
The Content of Bargaining 98
Joint Consultation 99
Conclusion and Further Reading 101
7 Procedures 103
Discipline 103
'Doing the Right Thing' 108
Grievances III
Conclusion and Further Reading ll8
8 Settling Disputes 119
Procedural Forms ll9
Conciliation 120
Mediation 121
Arbitration 123
The Extent at the Third Party Intervention 124
Related Issues 125
Pendulum Arbitration 128
ACAS 130
Conclusion and Further Reading 132
9 Negotiating 133
The Walton and McKersie Model 134
The Stages of Negotiation 138
The Negotiations 145
The Agreement 147
Conclusion and Further Reading 148
Contents ix
10 Industrial Action 149
'Strikes' 150
'The Right to Strike' 151
Stoppage Patterns in the UK 153
Causes of Strikes 157
The Cost of Strikes 162
Conclusion and Further Reading 163
II Pay 165
Productivity 166
Added Value 168
Time Payments and Performance Payments 171
Performance-Related Pay 173
Job Evaluation 176
Arguments Used in Pay Bargaining 181
Incomes Policies 183
Conclusion and Further Reading 184
12 The New Industrial Relations 185
The Japanese Model 186
Human Rescurce Management 194
Employee Participation 195
International Labour Relations 198
Bibliography 207
Index 211
List of Tables
1.1 Summary of perspectives of labour relations 7
2.1 Estimates and projections of activity rates in Great
Britain 26
2.2 Forecast employment change by
industry group, UK 30
2.3 Forecast employment change by occupation, UK 30
2.4 Unemployment, 1960-90, UK 32
2.5 Regional unemployment, UK 32
3.1 Union membership and density 43
3.1 (a) Union membership in Great Britain, 1989-95 44
3.2 Labour market characteristics in the European
Union and the United States 45
3.3 Union density by workplace characteristics, 1995 46
3.4 Union density by job-related characteristics, 1995 47
3.5 Union density by individual characteristics, 1995 48
3.6 Union membership by sex, by size of union 49
3.7 Membership of top ten unions in 1993 compared with
membership of top ten unions in 1988 51
3.8 Membership of the twenty largest TUC unions 52
3.9 International comparisons of union density
change in the 1980s 53
3.10 Unions with 100000 members or more 59
3.11 Union numbers and membership at the end
of 1993 59
5.1 Main employers' associations: number of
members for selected years, 1979, 1983, 1987
and 1994 78
10.1 Stoppages in progress, 1975-95 155
10.2 Labour disputes: working days not worked
per thousand employees in all industries and
services, 1985-94 159
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