Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

270 Pages·2016·4.73 MB·English

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
1994
Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing
batch reactor
Shihwu Sung
Iowa State University
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Sung, Shihwu, "Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor " (1994).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 11324.
http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/11324
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Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor
Sung, Shihwu, Ph.D.
Iowa State University, 1994
Copyright ©1994 by Sung, Shihwu. All rights reserved.
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Laboratory studies on the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor
by
Shihwu Sung
A Dissertation Submitted to the
Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Department: Civil and Construction Engineering
Major: Civil Engineering (Environmental Engineering)
Approved:
Members of the Committee:
Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy.
iff Cnai^e of Major Worl
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Fbr the M!ajor Department Signature was redacted for privacy.
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Signature was redacted for privacy.
For the Graduate College
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
1994
Copyright ® Shihwu Sung, 1994. All rights reserved.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION 1
Scope and Objectives of Study 3
n. LITERATURE REVIEW 5
Fundamentals of Anaerobic Digestion 5
Anaerobic Bacteria 7
Hdrolytical/fermentation bacteria 7
Hydrogen-producing, acetogenic bacteria 8
Hydrogen-consuming, acetogenic bacteria 9
Methanogens 10
Anaerobic Biosolids 14
Anaerobic Sludge Sedimentation 14
Anaerobic Granulation Process 15
Acetate thresholds in acetoclastic methanogens 18
Anaerobic Biosorption 21
Kinetics of Anaerobic Digestion 22
Biomass Growth Rate 23
Growth Yield and Substrate Utilization Rate 24
Kinetic Relationships Applied in Process Design 25
Rate-Limiting Step 26
High Rate Anaerobic Process 28
Anaerobic Contact Process 28
Anaerobic Filter 33
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket 37
Anaerobic Fluidized Bed 39
Two-phase Anaerobic Process 43
m. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE ASBR 46
Operating Principles 48
Process Description 49
iii
Anaerobic Bioflocculation and Granulation 49
Mixing 51
Temperature Compensation 52
IV. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 53
ASBR Design, Mechanics, and Equipment S3
Main Reactor Body 55
Feed Pump and Decant Pump 57
Ring Diffuser, Biogas Recirculation Pump, and Foam Separation Bottle ... 63
Biogas Collection System 64
Intercomponents Connection 66
Substrate and Nutrients 67
ASBR Operating Procedures 69
Leakage Check 69
Mixing Intensity Adjustment 71
Start-up Acclimation 77
Experimental Operation 77
Other Studies 80
Mixing pattern study 80
Study of biosolids characteristics 80
Metliods of Analysis 81
Biogas Analysis 82
Solids Analysis 85
Settling Velocity 85
Particle Size Analysis 88
pH 90
Alkalinity, Total Volatile Acids, and COD 91
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 93
Start-up Operation 93
Phase 1 Study at HRT of 48 Hour 94
ASBR Responses of Organic Loading Increase 95
Phase 1 Biosolids Study 97
Biosolids Settling Within a 6-hour Cycle 101
iv
Phase 1 Performance 101
Fbase 2 Study at HRT of 24 Hour 107
Biosolids Selection Pressure 107
Phase 2 Biosolids Study Ill
Reactor Geometry Effects 113
Phase 2 Performance 116
Phase 3 Study at HRT ofl2 Hour 116
Phase 3 Biosolids Study 118
Phase 3 Performance 121
Granulation Study in ASBR 125
Study on Mixing Patterns 138
Biosorption 143
VI. ASBR DESIGN MODEL AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 151
Mathematical Model of the ASBR 151
Model Verification 156
Design Considerations 165
Overall Design Concepts 165
Treatability Study 166
Flow Equ^ization 167
pH Buffer Capacity 167
High Solids Waste Applications 169
Seed Granular Biomass 170
Vacuum Enhancement in Solids Separation 171
Biogas Storage 171
System Automation 172
Ensign Example 173
vn. CONCLUSIONS 177
BIBLIOGRAPHY 180
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 192
APPENDIX A - VELOCITY GRADIENT CALIBRATION DATA 193
V
APPENDIX B - ASBR SOLIDS PROFILE AND DAILY METHANE
PRODUCTION 196
APPENDIX C - SIX-HOUR SETTLING TEST RESULTS 231
APPENDIX D - AIA DATA SUMMARY 234
APPENDIX E - MIXING STUDY DATA SUMMARY 246
APPENDIX F-ASBR MODELING PROGRAM 249