Table Of Contentfo r it
Senrte# i w i # in iot&llttrgr
:ir Will ism F# Boor©
IILRARY
§§LORa.oq school of mihs#
0©U>£H> COLORAaa
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& *&£*&£ §nhmiM04 to ttn «*«i ttit looM 0?
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$ # * * ft # m ft t ■# * ft ft- ft ft ft
ITS* B lITfM .&* # # # •# * f * ft $ m ft
M J M ff % ffflflE H S .O f 33$S& * .* .ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft #■
♦ ft: ft ft ft ft ft- ft ft ft
CPBEUfaSf f , m«DBH&B'af®f , , * * « * * * * * *■
# ft
BxpgiiiMwr &f sorpacb m m m m t * ft # ft ft »
m rP tsim m M , v tm a
Hi# witor oiohoo to- timA Horton £U Smlfti.*
o f %%m te ta ite r s f M pm M m m t* m A ¥m €m m m M m m ^ d* F iohor#
of th© ingiinh doj^irtEBontf fo r tho ir laioro&t* imtp mmi m w *
#mttom in fr#fa#to§ tblo jmp«*
ftm Motors of aiotaXa teal Jo Wtm sloyjr of aax&liHl*-&
•pro^o#©* Aroboofegiat# hw® acknowledged tfoo impact of
metals on tho oharactor of o iviliaatio n through oao of the
! ® « "Brass 4g#fft *'Brtm»o. Ageft» and 11 tern &$$% Out of
ttsfials wan toi fashioned Ms sword# and Ms plowsharesi and#
th ro u g h tha sie% pow sr and- p m p p a rity hare t^Xengeii to
these aha pos,e#sa#d im fe ria n t w ia ls and' s u p e rio r snotaX*
working tewXadga#
ffe arts of metallurgy, oonaiating of attract log
w-taXf from tfooXr ores# bXsnding ana or m m notaXa to pro*-
te<i &XXo$$£ working of .wiala into .uaofuX objects, and
treating of wtftXa and alloys thermally, itrt » n | man* a
earliest skills* the first- uh of natal tey man eamo-t tea
fetal, tmetly temte, in soma pmrtt of tho f0?Mt it ooourrod
at l#smt Xd#0OO yeari ago* Bine# geM and oop^er are -the
only natlro motaXa iiaiete are wifely Maipitenbed, thoro ©an.
tee little doubt that those m m the first- motala uood# Gold,
of eoerse, it too soft for moo-as a tool, m weapon |. but
copper, i&loh is capable of hsrdtelag under the blows of a
hmaar# will sore# both a# a tool and a weapon m m ® £im tiw m
Xy than a tana# dint# it it almost a certainty that detection
of fc@ of foot of limm&vtng -or working metal was coincident
'With# or followod closely, its first use,. it is logical to
m m m i- th a t »teaX w orkteg i t the o M o a t o f the- .m o tm lln rg lo a l
arti, StMXarly, the beginnings of thermal troatfflssnt of
notala- and alloys are obscure; tent wry likely soon after
mm found th&fc he ceuM tordte a metal by hams#rto$ i% he
Ibwd he- ##uM it by to atin g .it to a Mgh to^trm ton
and. slowly cooling it*- tM mm mmm %0§0 to 4,000 years
la b o r to to re nan f i r s t a ffe c te d 'product ion.- o f a m e ta l tte o u g h
toe reduction of an #»*■ to ter yet, tot a till .many joara to*
for# tii# Mrto of Otoiit, mm disco?crsd tost tot addition
of ta a ll immxitai of tin to copper produced a no# itsetoX tmm
which to couM mato harder and atro-ngor tool#' and /we&pona
man Stay to tod. previously pootoatedf ton# alloying mm
to®*
1hough-mtali ted tto ir alloy# offered #0£&in&*
bloat of proptftita ototrwiat mohtaiuabX# , and though man
aaaiteoualy applied -Mmm If to tot equation and d#?#Xop»at
of to# metallurgical art#, a# recently us .1050 only eight
metal#- sad a few of ■ toair m &f potalbX# alloy coabtoatiosi#
wort in mat on a oeiSi®§#ii#X ical#*- 1®. fact, at this iiasa
mo a#%al0 wort in important tit#, except for o»b iron, m at
tod not toon meed by'to# Boms#*
Shortly after to# Middle o f the 19to contory- Sir
Htary to###t®#r designed and produced M # courortor Aito
optnoi, to# d o o r ■ to a### p® dM O tiofi # f # to # i a t $& te g tu to r**
tog Matorial, Sine# tost *tm to# motsltorgiit ha# toafuod.
to# method of production m& manner of ttorm&l and ta&oha&to&X
tM&tntfmt for many tummn tmt&lm and, #?aa mof# striking, for
many now alloy#* from & Mtoltor&totto /standpoint it ®m. to
triitoftillf Mid tost tol# it to# Alloy Ago*
Burning parallel to to# rapid expansion of to#
stotoXXtegtoal daring- the last m» ta rre d year# ogrnt
to# M rto sud growth of the- sciatic# of wteallurgy* Sophy,
&& English scientist, too first #xamte#d metal structure#
wade* a m loroaeope to, 1864,. to ffite r a ily e w d ite d w ith to *
tog tot f& to tr of itotoltorgioal oetonot# iiaot toon ■*♦..
m$mg tool# 'such mt the Mores cope* toe electron H&opeeoopt,
and to# ttormo*otootrto pyre-metor, X*i!»ayw, ttomlo&X analysis
tad tpttlMtWMhy, tod eoiapXto. atotractito^ #f w d t ® solid*
-ot&t# physic# such at jtpiimtog ttoetroni* «ptotaa ttotof,
ttobiatidal meetonloa, and » on ** M toXlw glttX tetone#
tot tffifergout twoMnfeM growth* ISteougjh yet m toftut com*
pared to too pr&otie&X mpts of - metallurgy, ?«etoXtoi*gieal.
seienee teas played an increasingly important role in con*
tritotlmg to dwatepmontt in the MtaX^produtins toi metal*
working Industrie#* especially during the tost BO years*
Qm need go took no m m than thirty year# really
to .notie# to# to#«toomt adfastt in to t types, toe ip a llty ,
and toe- mootanieal properties o f alloy# which ha?# toon pro*
duoed by toe m etallurgist* A suggestion in 1990 that alloy#
to n M to developed to- withstand m m o f today*'# eowfe ##p*
vied oondi-tioiio would- ta rt toon. amlliid ftot&Atio# fte# toesil*
OOl engineer o f that day would to ' confounded by the wowroaioa*
rtefettob properties o f etatolees steel# and o th e r wpaolal
alleys# fto eleotrtoal engineer would,«#?#! at to# dosipt
weoaoadew of footed- in trmmfmmm torou^s nee- of specially
processed tiiio o n otoeli At too s-im roduotion ebtatoabit
to pm m im m * n a g n e tt w ith o u t any .ta e M fto t to ca p a city, to^ragh-
Hi# of 'mm alloy# pad ptatocMom 'm&
mt to # o to ta m to t a#M #v#4 to p o w y b r te te ite tte by us# o f
ta w # ta better a lto p i# f t wouM. -tax to # o ta ia iitf* o f to #
tegitate eonoarate with ttomm power to -tow M m 1 epor&tlote
tetauotod at tosiperatotas rama* 106# Fatetetait and at pace#-*
■ter## elos* to lit# $#&* fta tamtoia# te#f foresaw itiM hat#
to change M i sch e d u lin g to allow fo r to# tw#My*fold to *
« # » # to ta b b in g .ip iid # ttk&b late to te a tta in # # . th ro u g h €#*■
v#lop»at of tool a to el alloy# and cemented carMfea*. to#
mmhm&mml engincor would ### M # » # # « #otetai^»i opw&fc*
, tog a turbto at a itiam prateur# of lit# pal ata a tomporm*
bur# tottate AS# ani 110# Ftetoteait a$ againot to# 10# psi
mud. 400 Fatoontoit to ut#4 to. X&OD* lltotote or m% to# Mtey
. ferttoptaato - tfpifiad by those tow ilto itratioa# wmm- to#
eerie; o f to# w t a lt o r it . it # r to# te g lta te . to “p rto m M ly &
matter of portofe1. irXMpolttbp ted. 1m ta t to# importtet mt*
poet of to# subject* that to toportimt is to# concept tout \
\
toot# difeowriii tomtote a ooatritotite to $mast mototao or j
to# practical itaus tria l dwolepM&t of a mm or' it®roved |
..Alloy, #$$&**# almost tetiwly oa toamork- tatwooa.tot »talW
/
.
to rg to t « ta to # # a g .ita te to develop a p p lic a tio n # - w h ite p e r* \
i
Mb- to# Fcmltoatloa of itoir ultimate nmin%n®m la to# »r*j
v ia # o f » a k la if. a # #agia##.r te d ,to # - s 5 # ta llw g is i mx&t to /
partner#! Forhspi to# folio wing Illustration will mow# to
illtatomto.' «hl* p#lab,
§#pp#r Ms mlmy# toon a d iffic u lt m cta l.t© mtehite*
If $$$#&# mm act kept low, toe- copper tom® mb to# oat mar*
£&&& and tortM# m otoar iw^rfcant eoatoWs m €
pm M M to nm mmm mmtmm finish is -fli#. iit»-
P^mMmX mngXnmm tm kX M this p^PbMm Wmm0k dlf format
rake m 0 ,m ^ wm im t.im m to. ooitoltotitoii of 4pmdm m d tato%
wtfLtu&& of'dtffwajst %wm of out ting ollft «nd fluMft* ftilt
atttoM aeMftvtd sons# At to# saaft time to#
jattollurgtoto »if toty tod# thty found tost tot addition
of ft gs&XX of tftitontea wotiM alterm 06 pttoitii.% .la**
oromao to suiting &p$$d with no daoresto. to vulu# of too
\
Pift&uet* Xii# mtctoMo&l angiisiato toon tmpklm& too now «&**
loy# M.|ua;feiiig toftir mmoMuoft for inoroaaod #p##d tod grind*
.tog iktir tools ton o f& m v flMtou this was not tot #Mf
full po t ©titiall tie s of toft lap £w ad alloy ftouM not to ft to
talntd on too p.nowiouol7 uftod muftMn#*1 mmm toon it mm ox»
tftndftd to o u t tin g mo to o t m its ' go ana and s p in d le hearings
would permit and as doap mo too power of tom motor could
t
£®m® -toft tool#' tot% on a h&.m%»v t§fttoln%. too ^totnioal
anglnaor Imrn .again reatosd to# limit- Imposed by tot Btotftl
Itoolf#. .patompft tot m%mXXu^giB%: man of foot -ft m w Mvanft#
'tonon.#i -ftlto fln g o r to s t tftftto a n t * B&eh In to to to p rw o if
Mm work u n til bo joftoo ft ftariout proMtm fo r to# otoar*
and toia cycle marks; the path of progftftft*
$&e numfcw of alloys and tot oompltMtifti of toftir
rtftp o o tlv o aioohft.nieul to d to t to ft 1 to ifttm tn to hum g & ltX p lltd
ftlaoat" bayard toll of* til# continuing dovetopmonb of now
otttalft and mlloy# it gtrlng tot engirter w tools wito
wtitoti to wnrte and ham m&t It completely i^r&fttloml, .for
