Labor Migration, EU Enlargement, and the Great Recession

476 Pages·2016·9.123 MB·English

by  Martin Kahanec, Klaus F. Zimmermann (eds.)

Martin Kahanec
Klaus F. Zimmermann
Editors
Labor Migration,
EU Enlargement,
and the
Great Recession
Labor Migration, EU Enlargement, and the Great
Recession
ThiSisaFMBlankPage
Martin Kahanec (cid:129) Klaus F. Zimmermann
Editors
Labor Migration,
EU Enlargement,
and the Great Recession
Editors
MartinKahanec KlausF.Zimmermann
DepartmentofPublicPolicy IZA-InstitutefortheStudyofLabor
CentralEuropeanUniversity Bonn,Germany
Budapest,Hungary
ISBN978-3-662-45319-3 ISBN978-3-662-45320-9 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-662-45320-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015957968
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2016
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Preface
Six years after the publication of our last book EU Labor Markets after Post-
Enlargement Migration, the evidence on the challenges and benefits of free labor
mobilityisstillincompleteandstronglydebated.TheGreatRecessionaround2009
has significantly complicated evaluating the enlargement process outcomes thus
far.Ithasatthesametimeofferedanultimatetestregardinglabormobility’sroleas
avehicleofadjustmentduringeconomicturbulences.Reliableacademicevidence
points out that a more open world has brought large advantages to both migrants
andtherespectivehostandreceivingcountries.However,wehavealsoseenrising
political resistance in member states against mobility of both workers and non-
workersoriginatingfromotherEUmemberstates.
To meet the challenge and to extend the body of reliable knowledge, IZA has
continued to operate the subarea “EU Enlargement and the Labor Markets” in its
larger migration research program. A series of workshops and events in Bonn,
Berlin, Bratislava, Bucharest, Budapest, Riga, Krakow, and Warsaw has continu-
ously brought together a devoted team of experts to discuss fresh data, new
analytical evidence, and policy implications. Results have been presented at aca-
demicconferencesandasIZADiscussionPapers.TheIZAWorldofLaborproject
hastakenuptheissueandreportedontheproject’soutcomes.
Thefinaloutcomeofthisprocessisthisbook’sproduction,whichcontainsaset
offinearticlesaddressingabroaderquestionofwhetherandhowpost-enlargement
mobilityhashelpedtheEUandtheEuroAreaduringtheGreatRecessiontoabsorb
asymmetricshocksaffectingthevariousmemberstates.Thevolumeexploresthis
underlyingquestionfromavarietyofperspectives,includingEU-wideanalysesof
post-enlargementmobility’scausesandimpacts,studiesofreceivinglabormarkets’
adjustments, as well as insights into sending countries’ experiences. The final
chapter synthesizes this evidence, outlining a policy agenda for European policy
makersinviewofadynamic,prosperousEuropethatfullyexplorestheEUsingle
labormarket’spotential.
These contributions to the debate have been quality-controlled through our
internal debates over the years. The final manuscripts have been peer-reviewed
by anonymous referees. We suggest that the evidence provided here should be
v
vi Preface
takenseriouslywhilefurtherdiscussingthefutureofEuropeanintegration.Internal
labormobilityisakeyelementofeconomicandsocialintegration,andthenatural
experimentofEUenlargementshouldguideourunderstanding.
Wewishtoexpressourmostsincerethankstothecontributorsofthisvolumefor
their persevering commitment, continuous debates over the years, and the many
insightful chapters.We are very gratefulto Amelie F. Constant,the IZA program
directorof“Migration”,forher encouragement andprofoundinspiration through-
outthisproject, aswell asher dedicatedleadership within the MigrationProgram
Area. We also thank Holger Hinte,Victoria Finn, BenediktKliche, Mario Munta,
ZuzanaSˇmehy´lova´,DerekStemple,NickWallace,anonymousreferees,andallthe
others who have provided invaluable support at various stages of this volume’s
production. We are particularly grateful to Uwe Puetter and CEU’s Center for
EuropeanUnionResearchandofcourseIZA,for theirgeneroussupportofwork-
shopswheredraftchaptersofthisbookvolumehavebeenextensivelydebated.We
alsogratefullyacknowledgethecontinuoussupportandclosecooperationfromthe
helpfulstaffofourpublisherSpringer.
Budapest,Hungary MartinKahanec
Bonn,Germany KlausF.Zimmermann
July2015
Contents
TheFreeMovementofWorkersinanEnlargedEuropeanUnion:
InstitutionalUnderpinningsofEconomicAdjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
MartinKahanec,MariolaPytlikova´,andKlausF.Zimmermann
TheRedistributiveImpactsofMigrationAftertheEU’sEastern
Enlargement.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . 35
TatianaFic,DawnHolland,PawełPaluchowski,andJonathanPortes
MigrationinItalyIsBackingtheOldAgeWelfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
DanielaDelBocaandAlessandraVenturini
Migration10YearsAfter:EUEnlargement,ClosedBorders,and
MigrationtoGermany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
BenjaminElsnerandKlausF.Zimmermann
Ireland’sRecessionandtheImmigrant-NativeEarningsGap. . . . . . . . 103
AlanBarrett,AdeleBergin,ElishKelly,andSeamusMcGuinness
Post-enlargementMigrationandAdjustmentinaReceivingCountry:
TheCaseofSweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
ChristerGerdesandEskilWadensj€o
LaborMobilityasanAdjustmentMechanismintheUKDuringthe
GreatRecession. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
KenClark,StephenDrinkwater,andCatherineRobinson
Migration,CrisisandAdjustmentinanEnlargedEU:TheSpanish
Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Nu´riaRodr´ıguez-PlanasandL´ıdiaFarre´
DidPost-enlargementLaborMobilityHelptheEUtoAdjustDuring
theGreatRecession?TheCaseofSlovakia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
MartinKahanecandLuciaMy´tnaKurekova´
vii
viii Contents
MigrationasanAsset?PolishReturneesattheTimeoftheCrisis. . . . 219
PawelKaczmarczyk,MartaAnacka,andAgnieszkaFihel
ShouldIStayorShouldIGo?RomanianMigrantsDuringTransition
andEnlargements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
DanielaAndre´nandMonicaRoman
TheExperiencesofaNewEmigrantCountry:EmergingMigration
fromHungary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
A´gnesHa´rs
MigrationExperienceoftheBalticCountriesintheContext
ofEconomicCrisis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
MihailsHazans
LaborMarketTransitionsDuringtheGreatRecessioninEstonia. . . .. 345
JaanikaMeriku¨ll
LaborMarketPoliciesandLaborMarketFlexibilityDuringthe
GreatRecession:TheCaseofEstonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
RaulEamets
ReturningHomeatTimesofTrouble?ReturnMigrationofEU
EnlargementMigrantsDuringtheCrisis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
AnzelikaZaicevaandKlausF.Zimmermann
EUPost-enlargementMigrationandtheGreatRecession:
LessonsandPolicyImplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
MartinKahanecandKlausF.Zimmermann
DataAppendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
AbouttheEditorsandAuthors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
The Free Movement of Workers
in an Enlarged European Union: Institutional
Underpinnings of Economic Adjustment
MartinKahanec,MariolaPytlikova´,andKlausF.Zimmermann
1 Introduction
The eastern enlargements of the European Union (EU) in 2004, 2007 and 2013
createdalabormarketwithmorethanhalfabillionpeople,thirdonlytoIndiaand
China in terms of population size and matched only by the United States in
economic size. Along with the free movement of capital, goods and services, the
acquiscommunautaire,basiclegislationoftheEU,alsolegallyguaranteethefree
movementofpeoplewithintheEU’svastinternalmarket.Owingtotheseliberali-
zations, and despite temporary transitional arrangements applied by some old
memberstatestowardscitizensfromnewmemberstates(NMSs),theEUwitnessed
M.Kahanec(*)
CentralEuropeanUniversity(CEU),Budapest,Hungary
InstitutefortheStudyofLabor(IZA),Bonn,Germany
CELSIandNHFEU,Bratislava,Slovakia
e-mail:[email protected]
M.Pytlikova´
CERGE-EI,Prague,CzechRepublic
TechnicalUniversity,Ostrava,CzechRepublic
IZA,Bonn,Germany
CELSI,Bratislava,Slovakia
e-mail:[email protected]
K.F.Zimmermann
InstitutefortheStudyofLabor(IZA),UniversityofBonn,Bonn,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2016 1
M.Kahanec,K.F.Zimmermann(eds.),LaborMigration,EUEnlargement,
andtheGreatRecession,DOI10.1007/978-3-662-45320-9_1