La cultura ellenistico-romana nei suoi rapporti con giudaismo e cristianesimo

418 Pages·1986·9.577 MB·Italian

by  Paul Wendland

PauWl e ndland
LA CULTURA
ELLENSITICO­
ROMANA
NEIS UOIR APPORTI
CON GIUDAISMO
E CRISTIANESIMO
Edizionedi
a cura
Heinrich Dorrie
Ediziitoancleoia nap npae bnidbilcieo grafica
ac udrGiai uFliirop o
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Pa die iEad itrice
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Titoolroi gidneallle' opera:
PauWle ndland
Dibee llenistiKsuclht-urro mische
ini hrBeenz iehzuunmJg uedne nutnuCdmb ristentum
4·A uflageer weiutmee ritnB ei bliographie
voHne inrDii:icrhr ie
TraduziondeiG iiutlFaiilori paon a
© ].CM.oBh.(r P aSuile b,eT ciikb)in1g9e7n2
© PaidEediiat rBircees1,c9i 8a6
Preemsaslaql uaa retdai zione
Laf ondammeonontgarladeifiP a.W endlDainhede ,l ilsetnisch­
romischei niK hurlBetenuz ri ehzuumn gJeund enutnudCm h ri­
setntu(«m H andbzuucmNh e ueTne stam!e,n22ta;e»3 ae di­
zione rI i92v )ehI dacu otnas eirnvaalttfioen raoda o tgoig sliu o
alltiov qeulalaloti itevsors:ea s ptear ucnicl òa ssein coosn,ri i e­
scaedi ndivaidlutcarorime p ednipd aivr ail oIrlle i.bs ruos citò
scpaolreae m miiroasnziefa rg als ip ecisaiilanmi oslttaiil atmr­i
biernitsic,u otenadppor ouzvniaao(nnaietm teed satlvaletena t i
recencsehif oencise ergou ailtslouap a r iemdai znieo)Q.u anto
venpnree ddeatnitu om erroescie nssièn o erflir attaevmvpeo­
ratlo':o pheacr oas tiltgauu iiptdroae ,z eia offisdaa bdilime o,l te
generadzisi toundiPe untrit.rd ooppplooam , o rdteell 'autore,
chsec ompaalrlvd'ei5e taIà n naGz o itntgdao,vi en segfin­ava
lolocgliaasi slli icbavr,eo n pnree coceamcceanntteeo dèn ato,
dam olttoe mepsoa tu.oPr eilr' epioncc ufaiu c once(pli'tion i­
zidoe sle coelsosc)oo, s tituì ruins'cihnmiepoldrsleeaecs: aa d i
chnee p recedleapt utbebrzloii ocgnarea,ns dcio paevretvea no
infdaitstcih uinnu osvtooe lvee ntadgipl rioos peintetdieiv tee
din uocvrii dtiev rail utaszpieocenineatp,lee m r qautatnetnoe ­
vaa ll'EtgoiltectmoPoa.a i ul Wecnodmlpdaeintnòdu titnlou o­
vo( peqru etle mpmoa)t erciopanil geal ridoei c toosn t upefa­
cenatmep iedzivz ead umtotele:i potcehaseli l pootrear eosn­o
sefro rmuilnva itpaeu ramceonntgee tstounroa lcseotn afteer ­
matdea lle psocsoitpoeemrrreitn,et l rave i sigolnoebd aealllue'­
toenr osno nlooèn m asit actoan f,um tasa èitv aenusteam mai
coorbraonrdeoda rreincd.co h
Sep elru ndgehicn einn osniè p itùe tnadtioc moporurnea
sinptaersaig oanq aubeiscltièeaòd , ov utdoau, nl atapolr ,e vale­
ren,ge lsit ufidlio lcolgaiscdsioi pcoii m,gp loir ctoatnnrtidibe u­ti
glsit uddieolgsleian eradziWi eonndel( aHnU.ds e,nR e.Rr eit-
8 PREMESSAAL LAQ UARTEAD IZIONE
zenstAe.iDn i,e terFiB.co hl,ela ltarnic ordae)l,f intveerre­sse
sol al ettergarteupcriaaù a ntiec1ia n,s econdo allulsoaeg mo­,
prep iùa ccentcuoamtpal es(stiatdlàaer ichierdiecreers cphee­
cialisdteilclhoe ) stupdriobol pedomesiidt ail clual tduerlal 'età
ellenirsatffiincaaetr) ai cchidsiss ifmuam ateur ries vpoelctuil ia­
riI.r isuldtita atsliti u ndoin s onsot aitnis enreiltnliua o vead i­
ziodneel fopaelfir naed) i n onp regiudiiclta argnlmeia on ualisti­
co-didasecl aacl hiicaor eeszpzoas ittuitvtaa;lv 'iaam,pa ipap en­
dicbei bliogrrealfiactaail vla' abbolnedtatnetrepa itrùue rcae nte,
purs enzaav erper etdeisc eo mpletseipz rzoap,o dnide a ruen 'i­
dedae lcloas piceud ietlàl 'amdpiio erzizzazd oengtsliti u idnim a­
tereid ais, t imoilllae rtet aodur enl avoaruot onoemdoo r iginale.
È
stactoom unqnueec essparroicoe daedur nea promfoodnid­a
ficazidoenlesl tar utdteullri ab rsoo)p primleanp daord teed icata
all«ef ormlee tteprraortioec ris(«t Hiaanndeb»u zcuhmN euen
Testame!n,t3»)i ,n serdiatlal 'acuotmoesr eez ioan seés tante
2°-f
nella ediziionqn uea)n tfoe1r mrae stalnasd uoqa u alietsàs)a
nonèp iaùl l'aldteelszltzoaa at tot udaellerl iec erQcuhees.st eot ­
tordee)rl e steor)ca o lleignam tood oa ssdaiis orgaanlilpcaao r te
princidpeallla ev oro.
Speriadmuon quceh ceo nl ar istadmepllai berc oo nl 'appen­
dicbei bliogardae fiscsaaog giuvnetnagc ao lmautnaal acudnaa
lungtoe mpaov verteic theaa )il ettcohresi ' interessano all'am­
bieene tlleniisnct uifiico or iìlc ristiadneelsoliremi og viennig a
messnau ovameand ties posiuzniago unieda affi dabeis liec ura.
H.Dorrie
H.GS.i ebecGk.B ornkamm
Prefazione
Lap rimead izidoenleml iaaC ultuerlal enisticèoa -nrdoamtaan a
esauraintcaop rr imdaiq uanpteon saasdseis;is nos,i eamlleas e­
condead izivoendele,al ucleap arrteel atailvlfaeo rmlee ttera­
riper otocriSsutlislacono epe.so u lii midtiqi u essteac onpdaar ­
tec,h ep emre teàr gai pàr onsteat atnen fia m,a c hep oèis tata
257,
interamreinftaemt its ao,n eos preasp s.o er invaidoi ,n te­
2 7 2
graziaolnlece,o nsiderdaizf ioonndfioo rmulaaltlpeep . e
375s sr.
Lat rattadzeiloslntaeo rdiealc lual tèus rtaa ctoam pletamen­
ter ielaboardoa gtnapi:a gisnoan sot aatpip ortcaamtbii amenti
eda ggiunet,de iq, u·a ndionq uandhooa, n chper ovvedaudot ­o
perare alcQuunain tatola lg'laig. giorbniabmleinotg,orh aofi co
tenutpor eseinc toin trisbcuitein teil fiesc cio pepritùre e centi,
e,f errmeis tainr diof eriamlleegn rtain odpie rdeic aratgteenree­
ralheo,p rovvedaus toop primtearleui nned icabziibolniio grafi­
cheI.lp rimcoa pitèos ltoa ctoom posptroe ssoecxnh oév eoa ­
dattaatlolp er oporzdieollni ib rmoe,n tirp ea rag3r daeficl a p.
5
terez od ecla pq.u arstoon sot aitnit eramente rliaf usi. Tutta
parrtieg uardlaasn ttoerd iealr leel igèis otnaist ias teminab taa­
I4 7
sea c ritpeirù1i · igoropspi. (sc).f;rt .e nuctoon tdoe lelsei ­
206
genzdee clo nteasp tpo., s.è s taatffor ontlaost tou ddieol le
religmiiosntie rdieclhlleoa,r foo rezd ae llloer toe ndenezdie l,
capitootltoa «vSoi,n creetg insomsot ic,iè ss mtoar»tioc ollegato
alltar attadzeiloslntaeo rdieal rleel igmieonntiir,ne u np rimo
momentsoit rovaavlalfi an ec,o maep pendciicmòei :h ac onsen­
titod io ffriurnep anorapmiaùc ompledteol l'atmeod seflelrea
tendernezlei gpiroosperd ieelt ramondteol l'aenvtoi ec,no e l
contemdpito r,a rlrede o vuctoen segudeenlzmleia ac oncezione
1.[ Srii nqvuiaial sleaz idoendei caaltflaoer mlee tteprraortioec r,si osptpiraensesa
nelqluaa retdai zciuornadeat DOlar rive. s;o ppr.a8 ],.
IO PREFAZNIEO
I
delglnoo sticNieslpm aor.a gradfecola pd.e cihmooi llustrato,
servenddoinm uio veis empiti r,a ctotmiu dnei lflead peo polare,
em is onaol troecscìu pdaetlocl rai stodleosiga icar,a mednetli ,
concedtilt oog eod siq ueldlimo i st.eC rioòc hien u np rimtoe m­
5
poc ostitiulpi avraa gradfeloc apn.o no«,A pologcertiisctai a­
na»h,a t rovaatdoe slsaso u ac ollocapziiùoo pnpeo rtiunan pa­
pendiaclleap aritnec usiid iscduetlefl oer mlee tterarie.
Grazaiq eu esrtiof acimcernetddooia vesro ddisaflactutnoi
desiddeermiii ecir itaici còim :i h annion dotstoop rattluet to
I90787,7
penetroasnsteir vadziiR o.Rn eii tzen(sGtGeAin
I,I
ss.e)d iW .Bouss(eTth Rdscha3u2 3ss.A)n.c hlea ddove
nonh op otuatcoc ogliis eurgngee rimeesnsmtiiih ,a nnsop into
ap rocedaedur nea v erifiecdaa r icermcoatriev azpiioùrn iig o­
rosoef ormulapziiiùon ncii sIinvoel.ht orp eo tumteot teapr reo ­
fitttoa lusnuig geriempeinsttio ilnap rair:t icoulnaasr eer,di ie
osservaczriiotnieicd ih net egrdaitU i.vv oen W ilamowitz-Mol­
lendorff.
Dietmriood esidelr'iiol,le udsittroeir ne -considerazione del­
lam oldee lla voerdoi to-rmiiah laem essionc ondizdiiou nseu ­
fruipreeri, lr ifacimdeiun ntt oe,m paos ssauip ereia oq ruello
preventiDveabtbioon. fi nrei ngraizm iiaeraiem icLii etzmann
e Radermacpheerlr ' assaisdsuias tpernezsat antealmclioa r re­
ziondee lbloez ze.
Gottinmgaernz1,o9 1.2
PauWeln dland
Avvertaelnlz'ae diiztiaolnie ana
L'deiziiotnael èi caonnad ostutlqalu aa rta etdeidzeicsoucnraea, t a da
H.D orr(iiiTeb ingen) L.1a' 9g7g2iornabimbelnitoog (rfianafiol'c loot to­
br1e9 71)q ucehsrete ac aivnaa p penèd sitcaeut lot erioarmmpielan,tt oe
secoinc droi etesrpioa sp t.3i5 7.
Nell'edtiezdieolsnecie an ,d icabziibolniio girnna ofitcnaho enr isulta­
nos,p esasgoe,v olomi emnmteed iatcaommepnrteen pseimrbo itlidivi,i­
ver:ss ièi a llporroav ve-dauvtpeoo ssi-bair leendemrelgell ieog gibili
ea di nteglreca irtea zdieoganlriit idciro ilvii asgtgai ungire enldaot ivi
titeo/lioivl o lueml ea' nndoe lrliav iisnot geagt .tS oiè invepcree ferito
noni ntervseunlcilirete a zdiifo onniat nit iscehbeb,ue nnaes tefsosnat e
ventgaal vionldtiaic na tmado idvie rsi.
Indidceel volume
7 Preemssallaqa u aretdai zione
9 Prefazione
I 3 Bibliografia generale
I5 r.L 'ellenneilsslmtaoo urniiav ersale
28 2.S taets oo cietà
28 I.I lm ondeoll eneil c'oee tllàe nistica
43 2.L ac resdceiltplaoa t ednizR ao ma
59 3.C osmopoleii tnidsimvoi dualismo
59 r.C aratctoesrmeo pdoellinltuaao veat à
65 2.L aS toa
7I 3·L 'indailviisdmuo
77 4·I rle alismo
82 4·S todreigail die eadluic ativi
82 I.L af ormazeilloennei stica
86 2.R etorefii lcoas ionlfi oat ptealr ac onqudiiRs otmaa
90 3·L 'egemonia romana
9 5 4.L as ecosnodfias tica
Io 5 5.L 'organiszczoalzaisotniec a
I0 9 5.L ap ropagfialnodsaoe lfi acdi aa triba
I09 I.S todreiladl iaa triba
II 6 2.L 'impordteallpnarz oap agfilaonsdoafi ca
I2 9 3.L ap ropageatnidcao -fileoi sclor fiicsat ianesimo
I 3 56 .L as todreilarl eel igieotenàli l einni stica
I36 r.L af apsieaù n tica
I 4 7 2 Lafi loseolfilae nisti ca
.
I5 8 3·L 'elaborraazziioonnael istidceomi-i ptria gmatica
I67 4·D ivinizdzealzli'oeunc oeum lodt eosl o vrano
I73 5·D ivinsittràra e.nS iientcirse.Am osrtoloegm iaag. iM aistica
I8 4 7.L ar eligioindleo msiodntiiRt ooo m a
I84 r.L 'ellenidzezlralezali oingreio omnaen a
I2 INDICE VDOELLU ME
I9I 2.L 'eatuàg ustea
I98 3·L ar elignieolnlie'm epteàr iale
2 I 7 8.S increetg insomsot icismo
246 9·E llsemnoeig iudaismo
246 I.I lg iudapiaslmeos tinese
25 2 2.I gli udaeillsemnoi stico
276 IO.E lleniesc mroi stianesimo
27 7 I.C ristiadneeloslrieim goei s niin crerteilsimgoi oso
293 2.T ematipcrhoet ocreides ltliseamnn:oie
accosteac moennttria pposizioni
3II 3·P aolo
319 4·S ta,st oociece htiàe sa
333 Biblio(gfirnaaolfiI9 a7 1)a,c urdaiH .D orrie
355 Appendbiicbel iogarc uarfidaciG a .F,i rpo
40I Indidceneio mei declolsee
4 I 2 Indidceteie rmgirneic i
4I4 Indidcepeia scsiit ati
Biblioggreanfiear ale
]..GD roysGeens,c hidcehsHt eel lsemnuis3 ,v olGlo.t,h2 a18 77è, s tato
colcuhihe a d ischliavu isaaol cloam prendsei'loelnetelà l ecnai-.sB t.i
NiesGee,sc hidcehrgt rei echiusncdmh aekne doniSstcahaetnse enid te r
SchlabcehCith aoenre3a ,v o.lG,io th1a839 .1 8991.9 03.- J. Beloch,
GriechiGsecshceh iIcIhIt,e,1S /2trass19b04u,rr agp preismlei ngtlai ore
studiinot rovdo.u-Jt.t iKaGeersscth,idc ehsht eel lenistischen Zeitalters,
2 voll.L,ei p1z9i01g.1 909( c.fl ram isae gnalina:zT ihoLnZ1e9 095,8 1
ss..-U).v oWni lamtozwS,it auantd G eesllscdhearGf rti eecnhi,n K ul­
tudre rG egenwIaIrA,t b t.Il V,IB,e rlin-1L9e1i01p,- z2i07Ng.e lc onte­
stdoiu na descprairztiiocnoele adra epgpgrioaftodane dlsilttaoa r ia della
cultusrùaco o nmeeplsl sUo.v, o Wni lamowiKtuzl tdu(eriGr ne gewnarIt,
8,B erlin-2L1e9i07pr,-z 32i8)gt raclcasi tao dreilall eat tergarctea­u.ra
E. BePt.Wh een,d laenE d.N ordeEinn,l eiitnud nigAe l tertumswissen­
schaIf,L te ip1z9i1g0o, ff rounnoc ompenddeillole et tergarteeucl raae ­
ti.n aF-.S usemGiehslc,h idcehrgt rei echiLsictheernia ntd uerAr l exan­
drienrze2i vto,.l L,ie ip1z89i1g1- 892( opedrica o nsult)-a.zChiroinset­
SchmGieds,c hidcehrgt rei eLciht.e ra2t vuor.l,M,i ii nch'e1n095 .1 9II
(mancaan colrasa e copnadradt eevl o .Il In; elplrai pmaar Ot.eS tahlsiin
è occupdaetllole at terealtluernias tai.c)D oa-p gairsutudeEaa .,iR c ohde,
GriechiRsocmhae,nLr e ip2z1i9g00d ,i schaimupdipeer ospestttoirviec o­
cult.uS riad leivopnooit e nperre seE.nZ teil lDeireP, h ilosodpehri e
Grieecnhv,o .lI iII,e1I II,L2e,i p4z19i0g9e 4 1930.- J.MPa.h affTyh,e
SilvAegreo ft heGr eeWko rlCd,h ic1a9g06o. P eqru anctoon celran e
storia romcaonnas uvllaaRtn oanmtoiis cGhees chiecdhil t Reo misches
StasartecdhiTt h M.o mms.eR nestiannsou pepreiarmlt o id,io n c ucio m­
prendtountot mea nlief esdtealzvliiaotr naoi m anneall lao rdiom ensione
unitiac raipaid,te olRlloiam isGcehes chircihgtuea rldasa tnodtreiil acl u­al
tu.rP aeirt eolèoi gmip ortanitvlio .s5l ,sc ihmteor adtetlasl tao ria delle
proviinnec teià m per.i a-lHMea.r tmaDnenrU, n tergdaenrag n tiken
WeltW,i e1n9 10-.L.F riedlDaanrdsetre,l lauunsg eSdnie trt engeschich­
teR omsi nd erZ eivto nA ugustbuiszs u mA usgadnegrA ntonnei4,
vo.lL,ie ip8z1i9g1-0 .F.Le ,oD ier omisLcihtee rdaetAsul rt ertnuemls ,
volurmiec,o ridnpa rteoc eddeenlzla',Ko upletrduaer rG ege11rwta3,2 1-
400.- E.S chwaCrhtazr,a kterakuosdp efrae n tikLeint erIa-tIuLIre, ip­
zi3g1 910e;I demPr,o bledmeera ntikEetnh i(kJh arbd.e Hso chstifts
zuF rankafM.u.r,)1t 9 06C.f .ra ncihc eo mpednids it ogrrieaec r ao ma-