Knowledge Encyclopedia Space!: The Universe as You've Never Seen it Before

210 Pages·2021·74.466 MB·English

by  DK

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KNOWLEDGE E NCYCLOPEDIA
000011__IImmpprriinntt__HHaallff--TTiittllee..iinndddd 11 1199//0077//2211 22::2233 PPMM 000022--000033__TTiittllee..iinndddd 22 1199//0077//2211 22::2222 PPMM
SECOND EDITION
DK LONDON
Managing editor Rachel Fox
Managing art editor Owen Peyton Jones
Production editor Gillian Reid
Production controller Laura Andrews
Jacket design development manager Sophia MTT
Publisher Andrew Macintyre
Associate publishing director Liz Wheeler
Art director Karen Self
Publishing director Jonathan Metcalf
Consultants Jacqueline Mitton, Ian Ridpath, Giles Sparrow
CONTENTS
DK DELHI
Project art editor Mansi Agrawal
Project editor Vatsal Verma
Senior picture researcher Surya Sankash Sarangi
Managing editor Kingshuk Ghoshal
Managing art editor Govind Mittal
Senior DTP designer Shanker Prasad
DTP designer Vikram Singh
Senior jacket designer Suhita Dharamjit
FIRST EDITION THE SOLAR SYSTEM
DK LONDON
Senior editor Ben Morgan Senior art editor Smiljka Surla
Editor Steve Setford Designer Jacqui Swan
Contributors Robert Dinwiddie, John Farndon, Geraint Jones, The Sun’s family 8
Ian Ridpath, Giles Sparrow, Carole Stott
Scientific consultant Jacqueline Mitton
Around the Sun 10
Illustrators Peter Bull, Jason Harding, Arran Lewis
Jacket design development manager Sophia MTT
Birth of the Solar System 12
Jacket designer Laura Brim Jacket editor Claire Gell
Producer, pre-production Nikoleta Parasaki
KNOWLEDGE E NCYCLOPEDIA Producer Mary Slater The Sun 14
Managing editor Paula Regan
Managing art editor Owen Peyton Jones Mercury 16
Publisher Andrew Macintyre
Associate publishing director Liz Wheeler Venus 18
Art director Karen Self
Design director Stuart Jackman Earth 20
Publishing director Jonathan Metcalf
Inside Earth 22
DK DELHI
Senior editor Bharti Bedi Senior art editor Nishesh Batnagar The Moon 24
Project editor Priyanka Kharbanda
Art editors Heena Sharma, Supriya Mahajan
Exploring the Moon 26
Assistant editor Sheryl Sadana
DTP designer Nityanand Kumar
Senior DTP designers Shanker Prasad, Harish Aggarwal Impact craters 28
Picture researcher Deepak Negi
Jacket designer Dhirendra Singh Eclipses 30
Managing editor Kingshuk Ghoshal
Managing art editor Govind Mittal Mars 32
This edition published in 2021 Valles Marineris 34
First published in Great Britain in 2015 by
Dorling Kindersley Limited Exploring Mars 36
DK, One Embassy Gardens , 8 Viaduct Gardens,
London, SW11 7BW Red planet 38
The authorised representative in the EEA is
Asteroids 40
Dorling Kindersley Verlag GmbH. Arnulfstr. 124,
80636 Munich, Germany
Shooting stars and meteorites 42
Copyright © 2015, 2021 Dorling Kindersley Limited
A Penguin Random House Company Jupiter 44
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–319155–Dec/2021 Moons of Jupiter 46
All rights reserved. Io 48
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced
into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means Saturn 50
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without
the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Saturn’s rings 52
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Ring world 54
ISBN: 978–0–2414–4667–6
Moons of Saturn 56
Printed and bound in China
Titan 58
www.dk.com Uranus 60
Neptune 62
This book was made with Forest Stewardship
Council™ certified paper – one small step Beyond Neptune 64
in DK’s commitment to a sustainable future.
For more information go to
Comets 66
www.dk.com/our-green-pledge
000022--000033__TTiittllee..iinndddd 33 1199//0077//2211 22::2222 PPMM 000044--000055__IImmpprriinntt__CCoonntteennttss..iinndddd 44 2211//0077//2211 44::5511 PPMM
SECOND EDITION
DK LONDON
Managing editor Rachel Fox
Managing art editor Owen Peyton Jones
Production editor Gillian Reid
Production controller Laura Andrews
Jacket design development manager Sophia MTT
Publisher Andrew Macintyre
Associate publishing director Liz Wheeler
Art director Karen Self
Publishing director Jonathan Metcalf
Consultants Jacqueline Mitton, Ian Ridpath, Giles Sparrow
CONTENTS
DK DELHI
Project art editor Mansi Agrawal
Project editor Vatsal Verma
Senior picture researcher Surya Sankash Sarangi
Managing editor Kingshuk Ghoshal
Managing art editor Govind Mittal
Senior DTP designer Shanker Prasad
DTP designer Vikram Singh
Senior jacket designer Suhita Dharamjit
FIRST EDITION THE SOLAR SYSTEM
DK LONDON
Senior editor Ben Morgan Senior art editor Smiljka Surla
Editor Steve Setford Designer Jacqui Swan
Contributors Robert Dinwiddie, John Farndon, Geraint Jones, The Sun’s family 8
Ian Ridpath, Giles Sparrow, Carole Stott
Scientific consultant Jacqueline Mitton
Around the Sun 10
Illustrators Peter Bull, Jason Harding, Arran Lewis
Jacket design development manager Sophia MTT
Birth of the Solar System 12
Jacket designer Laura Brim Jacket editor Claire Gell
Producer, pre-production Nikoleta Parasaki
KNOWLEDGE E NCYCLOPEDIA Producer Mary Slater The Sun 14
Managing editor Paula Regan
Managing art editor Owen Peyton Jones Mercury 16
Publisher Andrew Macintyre
Associate publishing director Liz Wheeler Venus 18
Art director Karen Self
Design director Stuart Jackman Earth 20
Publishing director Jonathan Metcalf
Inside Earth 22
DK DELHI
Senior editor Bharti Bedi Senior art editor Nishesh Batnagar The Moon 24
Project editor Priyanka Kharbanda
Art editors Heena Sharma, Supriya Mahajan
Exploring the Moon 26
Assistant editor Sheryl Sadana
DTP designer Nityanand Kumar
Senior DTP designers Shanker Prasad, Harish Aggarwal Impact craters 28
Picture researcher Deepak Negi
Jacket designer Dhirendra Singh Eclipses 30
Managing editor Kingshuk Ghoshal
Managing art editor Govind Mittal Mars 32
This edition published in 2021 Valles Marineris 34
First published in Great Britain in 2015 by
Dorling Kindersley Limited Exploring Mars 36
DK, One Embassy Gardens , 8 Viaduct Gardens,
London, SW11 7BW Red planet 38
The authorised representative in the EEA is
Asteroids 40
Dorling Kindersley Verlag GmbH. Arnulfstr. 124,
80636 Munich, Germany
Shooting stars and meteorites 42
Copyright © 2015, 2021 Dorling Kindersley Limited
A Penguin Random House Company Jupiter 44
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–319155–Dec/2021 Moons of Jupiter 46
All rights reserved. Io 48
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced
into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means Saturn 50
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without
the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Saturn’s rings 52
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Ring world 54
ISBN: 978–0–2414–4667–6
Moons of Saturn 56
Printed and bound in China
Titan 58
www.dk.com Uranus 60
Neptune 62
This book was made with Forest Stewardship
Council™ certified paper – one small step Beyond Neptune 64
in DK’s commitment to a sustainable future.
For more information go to
Comets 66
www.dk.com/our-green-pledge
000022--000033__TTiittllee..iinndddd 33 1199//0077//2211 22::2222 PPMM 000044--000055__IImmpprriinntt__CCoonntteennttss..iinndddd 44 2211//0077//2211 44::5511 PPMM
STARS EXPLORING SPACE
How stars work 70 Space exploration 114
Types of star 72 Discovering space 116
Star birth 74 Telescopes 118
Exoplanets 76 Space telescopes 120
Hot Jupiters 78 Rockets 122
Lives and deaths of stars 80 First person in space 124
Butterfly Nebula 82 Space probes 126
Red supergiants 84 Rovers 128
Neutron stars 86 Crewed spacecraft 130
Black holes 88 Space shuttle 132
Multiple stars 90 Apollo programme 134
Star cloud 92 Lunar lander 136
Moon buggy 138
Spacesuit 140
Spacewalk 142
Space stations 144
Future exploration 146
The search for life 148
THE NIGHT SKY
The celestial sphere 152
Practical stargazing 154
Northern star hopping 156
Southern star hopping 158
Star maps 160
Constellations 162
REFERENCE
Solar System data 196
Exploring the planets 198
Stars and galaxies 200
GALAXIES
Glossary 202
Index and acknowledgments 204
The cosmos 96
Milky Way 98
Galaxies 100
Active galaxies 102
Colliding galaxies 104
Galaxy clusters 106
The Universe 108
The big bang 110
000044--000055__IImmpprriinntt__CCoonntteennttss..iinndddd 55 1199//0077//2211 22::2222 PPMM 000066--000077__SSoollaarrssyysstteemm__ooppeenneerr..iinndddd 66 1199//0077//2211 1122::1133 PPMM
STARS EXPLORING SPACE
How stars work 70 Space exploration 114
Types of star 72 Discovering space 116
Star birth 74 Telescopes 118
Exoplanets 76 Space telescopes 120
Hot Jupiters 78 Rockets 122
Lives and deaths of stars 80 First person in space 124
Butterfly Nebula 82 Space probes 126
Red supergiants 84 Rovers 128
Neutron stars 86 Crewed spacecraft 130
Black holes 88 Space shuttle 132
Multiple stars 90 Apollo programme 134
Star cloud 92 Lunar lander 136
Moon buggy 138
Spacesuit 140
Spacewalk 142
Space stations 144
Future exploration 146
The search for life 148
THE NIGHT SKY
The celestial sphere 152
Practical stargazing 154
Northern star hopping 156
Southern star hopping 158
Star maps 160
Constellations 162
REFERENCE
Solar System data 196
Exploring the planets 198
Stars and galaxies 200
GALAXIES
Glossary 202
Index and acknowledgments 204
The cosmos 96
Milky Way 98
Galaxies 100
Active galaxies 102
Colliding galaxies 104
Galaxy clusters 106
The Universe 108
The big bang 110
000044--000055__IImmpprriinntt__CCoonntteennttss..iinndddd 55 1199//0077//2211 22::2222 PPMM 000066--000077__SSoollaarrssyysstteemm__ooppeenneerr..iinndddd 66 1199//0077//2211 1122::1133 PPMM
8
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Our local neighbourhood in space is called the Solar System.
At its heart is the Sun, an ordinary star that is so close it
floods our planet with light. Trapped in its orbit by gravity
are Earth and seven other planets, their many moons, and
millions of comets and asteroids.
MERCURY VENUS EARTH MARS JUPITER SATURN URANUS
THE SUN AND PLANETS
The Sun is huge compared to even the biggest of the planets, Jupiter,
and it contains 99.8 per cent of the Solar System’s entire mass. At nearly
1.4 million km (870,000 miles) wide, the Sun is ten times wider than
Jupiter and over 1,000 times more massive. Yet even Jupiter is gigantic
compared to Earth. The Solar System’s eight planets form two distinct 1.3 million – the number of
groups. The inner planets – Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars – are times Earth’s volume
solid balls of rock and metal. In contrast, the outer planets are giants –
could fit inside the Sun.
enormous, swirling globes made mostly of liquid and gas.
000066--000077__SSoollaarrssyysstteemm__ooppeenneerr..iinndddd 77 1199//0077//2211 1122::1133 PPMM 000088--000099__TThhee__SSuunnss__ffaammiillyy..iinndddd 88 1199//0077//2211 1122::1133 PPMM
8
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Our local neighbourhood in space is called the Solar System.
At its heart is the Sun, an ordinary star that is so close it
floods our planet with light. Trapped in its orbit by gravity
are Earth and seven other planets, their many moons, and
millions of comets and asteroids.
MERCURY VENUS EARTH MARS JUPITER SATURN URANUS
THE SUN AND PLANETS
The Sun is huge compared to even the biggest of the planets, Jupiter,
and it contains 99.8 per cent of the Solar System’s entire mass. At nearly
1.4 million km (870,000 miles) wide, the Sun is ten times wider than
Jupiter and over 1,000 times more massive. Yet even Jupiter is gigantic
compared to Earth. The Solar System’s eight planets form two distinct 1.3 million – the number of
groups. The inner planets – Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars – are times Earth’s volume
solid balls of rock and metal. In contrast, the outer planets are giants –
could fit inside the Sun.
enormous, swirling globes made mostly of liquid and gas.
000066--000077__SSoollaarrssyysstteemm__ooppeenneerr..iinndddd 77 1199//0077//2211 1122::1133 PPMM 000088--000099__TThhee__SSuunnss__ffaammiillyy..iinndddd 88 1199//0077//2211 1122::1133 PPMM