Table Of ContentING D OMS
rHE SAVANN
Kingdoms
oft he
Saavnna
K
ngdoomsf t hSea avnna
JAN VANSINA
Publibsyh ed
TheU niveorfsW iitsyc onsin Press
Box1 37M9a,d isWoins,c o5n37s0in1
TheUn iveorfsW iitsyc oPnrseiLsnts d,.
27-2Wh9i tfiSetlrdeL eotn,d Wo.nl ,
Copyrig1h9t6b 6yt he
©
Regeonftt shU en iveorsfWi itsyc onsin
Allr igrhetsse rved
Publi1s9h6er6de; p ri1n9t6e18d9, 7 0
Printientd h e
UnitSetda otfeAm se rica
SBN2 99-036L6C64- 526-;31 67
Praecfe
This bookg rewo uto fa 'eotf t h,eKen aplulnedc tmme '
TropicHails togriyv eant t heU niversoifWt iys consiintn h ef all
of1 961.I w asa sketdo p ublitshhe ma nd promtiosd eods ob,u t
I feltth amto red etaainld a smalbli bliogrmaipghhybt e u seful.
Byt het imteh ep resevnetr siwoansc ompletIec da,m et ow onder
ifI s houlhda vkee ptth aptr omiastea llf,o trh eg apisn t hed ata
arel ittslheo rotfa ppallainndgb ecauosfet haatn ys yntheissi s
outo ft heq uestiTohisn .i ndicahtoewsl ittwloer kh asb eend e
votetdot heh istoorfCy e ntrAaflr icOan. t heo thehra ndr,e ports
keepc ominign a boufite ldwor(ke speciaamlolnyg t heL ozi,
Bembaa,n dL undaa)n da rchirveasle aris cahl sboe inpgu shed,
whicihs a sigtnh ahti storairaenb se comianwga roef t het ask
which awtahietmsth ere. Becoafut sheis si tuatai woonr,k l ike
thicsa nnobte m oret hana modesitn troducttoit ohnefi elda,
tooflo rth e convenieonfoc teh ehri storians.
Aparftr omp lacnea mesf,o rw hicht heo fficiaslp ellhiangs
beenr etainaenda ,t temptb eheanms a det ou niftyh es pelloifn g
alolt heBra ntwuo rdbsy t heu seo ft heA fricaanl phabIentth .i s
spellthien gl ettces rt andfso rt heE nglissohu ned hT.h eo ther
symboalrse c losteos tandaursda gien E ngliTshhe.c ombination
v
Preface
v i
ngs hould albweau ytst eraesdn g inE ngliastht hee ndo fa
wordf,o re xamplase ,i ns ing.
Withoutth ep ersisitnetnetr oefsD tr .P hilDi.pC urtiinnth e
fruitoifot nh isst udtyh,ew orkw ould neverb eheanwv rei ttIe n.
am alsgor atetfouM l. F.C rinMe,. leC hanoiLn.eJ adiann,d
FrauleDirn.E .S ulzmafnonr t heihre lip np rovidmiantge rials
fromt heiurn publisrheesde aracbho utth eL undat,h eK ongo,
andt heB oliMai.s Ls. M armohra sb eenm y research aosns istant
thipsr ojeacntd,I w isehs pecitaolt lhya nhke rf orhe ru nstinting
cooperatiFoinn.a lIl ayl,s woa ntt ot hantkh es taofff th e Me
moriLailb raorfyt heU niverswihtiyc,hh a sb eeno fg reahte lipn
locatisnogm ep ublishmaetde riianlf so reilginb raries.
TheR ockefeFloluenrd atitohneG, r aduaStceh ooaln,dt heI n
stitfuotreR esearinc ht heH umanitioefst heU niversoifWt iys
consihna vep rovidtehden ecessfaurnyd asn dc reatteidm foe r
researIca hm. g ratetfuola lolf t hemf ort heisru pport.
].V ansina
Goorein1d9,6 3
Madiso1n9,6 4
Contents
Listo fM aps,
ix
Introdu3 ction,
Thes ourc6e;sS ,o meb asicco ncep1t4s ,
one TheP eopal,ends C ulturoefts h e Sa1v9a nna,
Matericaull tuarned e conomliicf 1e9,;S ocioarlg aniza2t4i;o n,
Politisctrauclt ur2e8s;R, e ligi3o0n;L, a nguag3e3,;
Theo rigionfts h ep opulat3i3o n,
two ThKei ngdoofK.m o nguon ttihlJe a gIan vas3i7o n,
Theo rigionfKs o ngo3,8 ;T hep olitiicnaslti tutioofnK so ngo4,1 ;
AffonsIo,45 ; DiogIo, 5 8;T hei nvasoifot nh eJ aga64,
threeT he Boiftr htLehu baan dLu ndEam pir7e0 s,
Theb irtohfth e Lubak ingdo7m1,;T heb irtohft he
Lundae mpir7e8,;L und!!e xpansiinoA nn gol8a4,; L unda
expanstioowna rthde eas8t7,; L undae xpansiinot nh e
Kwangoa rea9,2
four TheS tatoens tFhrei nogfte h Sea van9n8 a,
TheB oligar oup9,9; G uthriez'osn eB group1,02
five The RoisfAe n go1l2a4,
Ndongaon dt heP ortuguuenstiel1 6231,2 5T; her ecoveirny
Kongou ndeArl varIe a ndI I1,3 0;A ngolHao,l lanadn,dN zinga,
v i i
i i i Contents
v
134;F roAm lvaIrIeIt oA lvaVrIe:b reakdino Kwonn g1o3,8 ;
TheD utcphe riaonddt hree storoafAt nigoonl1 4a2,;
Thei nternoargla nizaAtnigoonl ao fa1 r7o00u,n d1 46;
Konguon deGra rcIiIaa n dA ntonI,i1 o47 T; hetr ansformation
oft eh kingdoofKm o ng1o6,6 5-1711502,
TheS taotfeK sa tanagnda N orthRehordne sia
six
fro1m70 0t o18 5105,5
Them aiLnu bkai ngd1o5m6,T; heo thLeurb ach iefdaonmds
thSeo ngaynedt hLeu bKaa sa1i59,T; h eL undhao mela1n60d;,
Thes outhLeurnn d1a6,2 T; hef ormaotfit ohnke i ngdoofm
Kazemb16e5,K; azembkei'nsg daotim t hse ig(h1t76 0-1850), 170;
TheL ozkii ngd1o7m4,
seven Tradoenrt sh Cee ntArfarli can1 7C0o0a-s11t9800:0,
Thec oloonfAy n goilnat heei ghteceenntthu1 r81yT;, h e
coloonfAy n goilnat hnei neteenth1 8c5K;e onntguor,y ,
NgoyK,a konagnodL, o ang1o89,T; hem iddlemtheenO :v im
bund1u9,7 T;h em iddletmheKena: s aannjdte h Mea tamb20a1,;
Thep eopolnet sh Kew angaon do nt hmei ddKlwei l2u0,3
eight ThFea lolft hKei ng1s840:- 1920008,
Fugitifvreostm h seo utthh:Ne g onain dK olo2l0o9,T; he
CokwLew,e naan,d N demb2u1,6 T; heY ekkei ngdionKm a tanga
andi trsi vKaalz,e mb22e7,T; heA rab2s3,5T ; heL ubaan d
Bembkai ngdoamlsl,oi fet sh Aer ab2s4,2
Conclusion,
245
AppendAi Nxo:to en t hCeh ronoolfo gy
CentArfarli Hciasnt 2o5r1y ,
LisotfA bberviat2i5o8 ns,
Note26s1,
SleectBeidb liog3r05a phy,
GlossoafAr fyr iEcxapnr es3s3i3o ns,
Inde33x7,
Listo fM apasn dC harts
MAPS
IC ulturreagli oinnCs e ntrAaflr i2ca2
II Thek ingdoomfK ongino thes ixteecnetnht u3r9y
IIIS tatfeosu ndbeydt heJ aga6 5
IVT hep eoploefst h el ower Kasai arnedgi Boanorslo iuan1 d9 0100 1
v Angolaan dK ongino thes eventeceenntthu 1ry2 7
VIT heL ozkii ngdoamr oun1d8 3107 5
vn The peoploefsN ortheRrnh odesairao un1d8 9201 0-211
VIITI hep eoploefse asteArnn golaar oun1d8 5201 7
IXS ketocfhC okwee xpanstioo1 n9 0201 9
x TheA rabisn C ongo2 37
Betwepeang 1e76s- 618
A TheL uba-Lunsdtaa tbeys1 700
B StatienKs a tanagnad e asteRrnh odesairao un1d8 00
c WesternC entrAaflr iacrao un1d8 50
D Thep eoploefKs a saain dK atanagrao un1d8 90
CHARTS
1 Cultural irneC geinotnrAsaf lr iacnadt hpee oples griontu hpeem2d 0
IIT her uleorfst hes econLdu ba" empir7e6"
i
x
