Kingdom of Cambodia Final project design report Main report and appendices

189 Pages·2015·2.82 MB·English

by  Julian Abrams

Kingdom of Cambodia

Final project design report

Main report and appendices

Document Date: 12-Sep 2014
Project No. 1100001703
Report No: 3647-KH
Asia and the Pacific Division
Programme Management Department

Kingdom of Cambodia

Final project design report

Contents
Currency equivalents iii
Weights and measures iii
Abbreviations and acronyms iiv
Map of the programme area vii
Executive Summary viii
Logical Framework xiv
I. STRATEGIC CONTEXT AND RATIONALE 1
A. Country and rural development context 1
B. Rationale 5
II. Programme description 8
C. Programme area and target group 8
D. Programme Development Objective and Key Outcomes 10
E. Components 14
F. Lessons learned and adherence to IFAD policies 25
III. Programme implementation 26
A. Approach 26
B. Organizational framework 28
C. Planning, M&E, learning and knowledge management 31
D. Financial management and procurement 36
E. Supervision 40
F. Risk identification and mitigation 41
IV. Programme costs, financing, benefits and sustainability 42
A. Programme costs 42
B. Programme financing 43
C. Summary benefits and economic analysis 44
D. Sustainability 44

List of Figures
ASPIRE Accounts and Fund Flow 35
List of Tables
Table 1: Proposed Target Provinces 9
Table 2: Implementation Phases of ASPIRE and Key Intermediate Outcomes 12
Table 3: Components Programme Cost Summary 43
Table 4: Components Cost by Financiers (USD millions) 44

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Appendices
Appendix 1: Country and rural context background 1
Appendix 2: Poverty, targeting and gender 11
Appendix 3: Country performance and lessons learned 17
Appendix 4: Detailed Programme Description 21
Appendix 5: Institutional aspects and implementation arrangements 41
Appendix 6: Planning, M&E and learning and knowledge management 55
Appendix 6A: Communications Strategy 69
Appendix 7: Financial management and disbursement arrangements 75
Appendix 8: Procurement 89
Appendix 9: Programme cost and financing 93
Appendix 10: Economic and Financial Analysis 103
Appendix 11: Draft Programme Implementation Manual: Annotated Table of Contents 113
Appendix 12: Compliance with IFAD policies 117
Appendix 13: Contents of the Programme Life File 125

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Currency equivalents
Currency Unit =
US$1.0 =

Weights and measures
1 kilogram = 1000 g
1 000 kg = 2.204 lb.
1 kilometre (km) = 0.62 mile
1 metre = 1.09 yards
1 square metre = 10.76 square feet
1 acre = 0.405 hectare
1 hectare = 2.47 acres

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Abbreviations and acronyms

ACIAR Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research
ADB Asian Development Bank
AQIP Agricultural Quality Improvement Project
ASPIRE Agriculture Services Programme for Innovation, Resilience and Extension
AusAID Australian Agency for International Development (now Department of Foreign Affairs
and Trade)
C/S F Commune Sangkat Fund
CARDI Cambodia Agricultural Research and Development Institute
CAS Country Assistance Strategy
CAVAC Cambodia Agriculture Value Chain Program (Australian funding)
CBAPP Community-Based Agricultural Productivity Project
CBRDP Community Based Rural Development Project
CC (1) Commune Council
CC (2) Climate Change
CDB Commune Database
CDHS Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey
CDRI Cambodia Development Research Institute
CEW Commune Extension Worker
CIP Commune Investment Programme
CMDGs Cambodian Millennium Development Goals
COSOP Country Strategic Opportunities Programme
CSES Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey
D&D Decentralisation and De-concentration
DALRM Department of Agricultural Land Resource Management
DANIDA Danish International Development Agency
DAO District Agriculture Office
DfID Department for International Development (UK)
DRC Department of Rice Crop
DST District Support Team
ECCA Environment and Climate Change Assessment
ENRM Environment and Natural Resources Management
FBS Farm Business School
FMM Financial Management Manual
FSS Farmer Field School
FWUC Farmer Water User Community
GCCTS Group Conditional Capital Transfer Scheme
GDA General Directorate of Agriculture
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GESS Grants for Extension Services to Smallholders
GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German International
Cooperation Agency)
GPS Global Positioning System
GRF Group Revolving Fund
HARVEST Helping Address Rural Vulnerabilities and Ecosystem Sustainability
HPI-1 Human Poverty Index
HRD Human Resource Development
ICPM Integrated Crop and Pest Management
ID Poor Identification of Poor Household Programme, Ministry of Planning
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IDA International Development Association
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC International Finance Corporation
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute
IGRF Improved Group Revolving Fund
IPA International Procurement Agency
IPM Integrated Pest Management
IRR Internal Rate of Return
JFPR Japanese Fund for Poverty Reduction
LST Labour Saving Technology
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance
MFI Micro-finance Intermediary
MIS Management Information System
MOI Ministry of Interior
MOWA Ministry of Women’s Affairs
MOWRAM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology
MRD Ministry of Rural Development
MVF Most Vulnerable Family
NAL National Agricultural Laboratory
NCDD National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development
NCDDS NCDD Secretariat
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NIPMP National Integrated Pest Management Programme
NLU Nong Lam University (Ho Chi Minh City)
NPDD National Programme for Democratic Development
NPV Net Present Value
NSDP National Socio-economic Development Plan
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PASP Provincial Agriculture Strategic Plan
PBCRG Performance Based Climate Resilience Grant
PDA Provincial Department of Agriculture
PDOWA Provincial Department for Women’s Affairs
PDRD Provincial Department for Rural Development
PIM Project Implementation Manual
PM Procurement Management
PPF Project Preparation Facility
PRWRAM Provincial Department for Water Resources and Meteorology
RAU Royal Agricultural University
RIF Rural Infrastructure Fund
RIMS Results and Impact Management System
RPRP Rural Poverty Reduction Project in Prey Veng and Svay Rieng
RULIP Rural Livelihoods Improvement Programme in Kratie, Preah Vihear and Ratanakiri
SA Social Assessment
SAW Strategy for Agriculture and Water
SNEC Supreme National Economic Council
SOP Standard Operating Procedures
SICRG Specific Investment Climate Resilience Grant
TA Technical Assistance
TOR Terms of Reference
TOT Training of Trainers
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TSSD Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project
UNCT United Nations Country Team
UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework
US United States
USAID United States Agency for International Development
UXO Unexploded Ordinance
VAHW Village Animal Health Worker
VEW Village Extension Worker
WB World Bank
WFP World Food Programme

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Map of the programme area

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Executive Summary
Background and Rationale
1. Despite the rapid development of Cambodian economy and society in the past 15 years, the
agriculture sector still represents more than one third of GDP and over half of employment. The
poverty headcount has fallen from over 50% to around 20%. Most of the poor live in rural areas
and depend on agriculture for their livelihoods, while perhaps half the rural population
remaining vulnerable to falling into poverty due to shocks related to climate, market fluctuations
or household emergencies. Therefore the focus of the IFAD programme in Cambodia since
1998, of providing assistance to poor and vulnerable smallholder farmers, remains valid but the
context in which the assistance is provided has changed and will continue to change. Trade
liberalization and greatly improved transport and communications have linked Cambodian
farmers to regional product markets, while opportunities for non-farm employment, mainly
accessed by migration, have led to labour shortages and driven the adoption of less labour
intensive agriculture technologies. Gross yields of staple crops are no longer the key
determinants of food security or nutrition. Smallholder farmers need assistance to understand
and take advantage of their new opportunities. Global climate change is increasingly seen as a
factor in the frequent occurrence of damage to crops, property and infrastructure that reduce
production and introduce additional uncertainties into farmers’ investment decisions.
2. The transition of smallholders from a subsistence farming to business farming requires a major
change in support services. Key to this is the generation and articulation of “informed demand”
for extension services which requires not only an increased willingness to listen to and respond
to the voice of farmers themselves, but a capacity to manage and facilitate complex flows of
knowledge and information between farmers, market actors, technical specialists and
researchers.
3. IFAD’s focus on supporting smallholder remains valid but must adapt to the changed context.
The model based on asset transfers, mainly through group revolving funds, is less relevant due
to expanded availability of microcredit and cash incomes from employment and remittances.
The public extension service remains focused on teaching a limited set of production
technologies and lacks budget and human resources. There is a lack of coordination and
knowledge sharing vertically, for example between public research institutes and the extension
service, and horizontally, between public, private sector and civil society actors.
4. ASPIRE is designed on the assumption that the public sector, represented by MAFF and other
State and local government agencies, will continue to have an important role in the extension
sub-sector, but that role must adapt to the changed context and to the increasing importance of
non-State extension providers. The concept of a Cambodian Model of Extension Services
envisages a policy, institutions, human resources and an implementation approach
emphasizing efficient sharing of knowledge, responsiveness to farmer demand, assisting
smallholders to access market opportunities and developing resilience to climate change at
farm and community levels. Public funding for extension should be targeted to achieve results
linked to public policy goals including support to farmer who are underserved by the market.
5. RGC policies including the Rectangular Strategy, the NSDP and the flagship Policy for Paddy
Production and Rice Export emphasize the need for improved extension services, while the
policy context of ASPIRE also includes the Cambodia Climate Change Strategy and the
ongoing Public Financial Management and decentralization reforms. ASPIRE is designed to
assist RGC to develop policy and capacity to delivery improved extension services and to
coordinate the extension sector activities of development partners as well as the private sector
and civil society. This is conceived as the basis for an enhanced Cambodian Model of
Extension Services and a Programme-Based Approach in the extension sub-sector. This will be
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