Table Of ContentKINETICSO F
lIIGII·TEMPERATUPRHEO CESSES
TECHNOLOGY PRESS nOOKS IN SCIENCEA ND ENGINEERING
KinetiocfIs I igh-TemperPartoucrees ses
EDITED BY w. D. KINGERY
�lolecuSlcaire nacned :\ IolccuElnagri neering
BY ARTHUR R. VO:. HIPPEL
Noisien E lectrDoenv ices
EDITED BY LO{;IS D. SlIULLI:-lA ND UER�IAN:-l A. HAUS
TheP hysicCahle mistorfyS teelmaking
EDITED BY JOU:ol F, ELLIOTT
LecturoensO rdinaDriyff erential Equations
BY WITOLD U{;REWICZ
Noteosn A nalog-DiCgointvaelr sTieocnh niques
EDITED BY ALFRED K. St'SSKI:olD
AtmospheErxipcl orations
BY HENRY G. IiOUGHTO:ol
CeramiFca bricatPiroonc esses
BY W. D. KINGERY
CurrenFtise,l dasn,dP articles
BY FRANCIS BITTER
TheT heorayn dT echniqoufSe h iDpe sign
BY GEORGE C. MANNING
SpheroiWdaavle F unctions
BY J. A. STRATTO!ll,P . lIl.1I I0RSE,L . J. CHC, J. D. C. LITTLE, AND F. J. CORBA16
PrincipolfEe lse ctUrtiicl iEtnyg ineering
BY C. A. POWEL
Dielec:\tIraitce rainadlA sp plications
BY ARTHUR R. VON HIPPEL
Physic�alle teorology
BY JOHN c. JOHNSON
TheM athematoifcCs i rcuAinta lysis
BY E. A. GUILLE�IIN
MagnetCiicr cuaintdsT ransformers
BY l\IE�IBERSO F THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING STAFF, M.I.T.
AppliEelde ctronics
SECOND EDITION BY TRUllAN S. GRAY
ElectCriircc uits
BY 1IIE�IBERSO F THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGS TAFF, lIl.I.T.
MethoodsfO peratiRoensesa rch
BY PHILIP 1\I. l\IORSE AND GEORGE E. KIlBlA LL
An Indeoxf X omograms
COllPILEDA ND EDITED BY DOUGLAS P. ADA�IS
TheE xtrapolaItnitoenr,p olaatnidoS nm,o othionfSg t ationTairmyeS eries
BY NORBERT WIENER
IndeFxo ssiolfNs o rtAhm erica
BY II. w. SUIlIERA ND R. R. SHROCK
WavelengTtahb les
MEASURED AND COliPILEDU NDER THE DIRECTION OF G. RH.A RRISON
TableosfE lectDriipco lMeo ments
CO�IPILEDB Y L. G. WESSON
Analysoifts h eF our-BLairn kage
BY JOHN A. lIRONES AND GEORGE L. NELSON
w. D. KINGERY,E ditor
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF CERAMICS
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHXOLOGY
I{INETIOCFS
HIGH-TEMPERATURE PROCESSES
Publishjeodi ntblyy
TheT echnoloPgrye sosf
:l\IassachusIentsttsi tuotfTe e chnology
and
JohnW ile&y SonsI,n c,.N ew York
Chapman& IIalLli,m iteLdo,n don
Copyrigh®t 1 95b9y T he MassachusetIntsst itute ofT echnology
Allr ightrse serveTdh.i sb ooko ra nyp art
thercmoufs tn otb e reproducienda nyf orm
withoutth ew rittpecnr missoifot nh ep ublisher.
Lirbayr ofC ongressC ataolgC ardN umber5:9 -11802
Pritned int heU nitedS tateosf A merica
ENDICOTT HOUSE CONFERENCE
Thisv olumoer iginaitnae dC onfereonnct eh eK inetiocfHs i gh-Temperature
Proceshseelsad t l\ 1.I.ETn.d'icso Htotu sJeu ne2 3-2179,5 8T.he c onferewnacse
comprisoefad b oufto rtpya rticipcaonmtisnf gr oEmn glanFdr,a ncGee,r manayn,d
theX e therlaansdw se lals t heU niteSdt ateAsl.l w erea ctiivner esearicnth h e
fielodf h igh-temperkaitnuertebi ucts a pproachietfd r oms everal didffiesrceint
plines-maicnhleym istcreyr,a m,im cestalluragnydp, h ysicTsh.i si nterdiscipli
naryap proapcrho vetdob es timulaatnidnp gr oductaitvt eh em eeting.
Thec onferewnacses upportienpd a rbty t heU niteSdt utAeisr F orcuen dear
contrawcitt ht heA eronautRiecsaela rLcahb oratoWrryi,g hAti rD evelopment
CenterT.h eyh ave, vritatsef no llows:
Ith asb eena privilfeogrte h eA irF orcteo p rovipdaer tisaulp pofrotrt hiCso nference
whicbhr oughtto gethsecri entfirsotmst hroughotuhtew orltdo d iscufsusn damental
aspecotfhs i gthe mperatkuirnee tiincn so nmetsayls temsT.h issu bjescotb ,a sitcos tudies
involvmiantge rihaaldsr ,e achaep do inwth erietw asf ruitffourrle presentaotfdi ivveesr se
scientcoegs a thetro gethaenrdfi nda commong rounfdo ru nderstandTihnrgo.u gthh e
foresiogfPh rto fesKsionrg erayn,dw itthh es uppoorftt heA irF orcteh,e C onferewnacse
brougihntt boe intgo s ervteh ipsu rposIef.t heh igdhe greoefe nthusiaansdms cientific
stimulatthiaoptne rsisttherdo ughtohuetC onferecnacneb ed iffusiendt o tbhoioskt ,h en
itpsu blica,t,"iiowlnil t,h oduotu btb,eo fg reavta luteo o urs cientciofimcm unity.
:MURRAA.Y S CHWARTZ
AeronautRiecsaela rLcahb oratory
WrighAti rD evelopmCeenntt er
AirR esearacnhdD evelopmCeonmtm and
UniteSdt atAeisr F orce
v
ENDICOTT HOUSE CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS
Firsrto w( frolme ftL).;E yrinPg.,W . GilleGs.,C .K uczynskLi.H, i mmelR,. A .S walin,
K.H auffeW,. D.K ingery, R.L .C obleS;e conrdo w�:1 .A .K anterR,.R .K ash,W . R.
SinclairA,.S:\ c1h.w artJz.B, e llWe., B .H illiGg.R, . � lcahlan;T hirrdo wC:. E .B irchenall,
A.L .R obertMs.,H uberF,. H .K ortoAn., RC.o opeJrr,. G,.W .B rindlWe.y R,. B uessem,
R.G .B reckenriFdogeu;rr towh: AJ.P. a sk�,1 .H umenikJ,r .S,.B .A usetrman, Y.O ishi,
I.B .C utle\r',. Dre.ch eFtte, R.F . aWlker;F ifrtohwP: . G ibbsF,.R .C harvaGt.,D erge,
J.E .B urkeE,. W . GorteLr.,S eiglRe.,H . CondiSti; xtrho wG:. J .D ieneHs.,J .O el,
J.' ''hiTt.eR ,. ClevengJerr.,J, . E .M ayS;e vernotwh:M . PL.e pieJ,. SIl.a ughter,
S.M rozowskJi.D, . K leinD,.C .H ilSl., I. Warshaw,
(J. PDl.u nkett)
vi
(MoloPThoo togrSaeprvhiicc e
MoloTE.n'dsi c"oH totu sDee,d hamM,as sachusetts
CONFERENCE COMMITIEE
Wo D.K INGERYM,o l.TCoh,a irman
C.E .B IRCHENALPLr,i ncetUonni versity
R. BGR.E CKENRIDNGaEt,i onCaalr boCno mpany
G.W .B RINDLEPYe,n nsylvaSntiaatU en iversity
JoE oB URKEG,e nerEalle ctrCiocm pany
P.W . GILLEUSn,i versoiftK ya nsas
J.A .P ASK,U niversoiftC ya lifornia
M. AoS CHWARTWZri,g htA irD evelopmeCnetn ter
vii
PARTICIPANTaSn dC ONTRIBUTORS
L.A bernethy F.R .C harvat
ARGO:s'XE NATIONAL LABORATORY, LE�IONT, ELECTRO lIIETALLt:"RGICAL CO�IPANY, METALS
ILLINOIS RESEARCH LABORATORIES, NIAGARA FALLS,
NEW YORK
J.Allan
ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY, LE�IO:s'T, R.L .C oble
ILLINOIS GENERAL ELECTRIC CO�IPANYS,C HENECTADY,
NEW YORK
A.B .A uskern
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION,B ETTIS R.I IC.o ndit
FIELD,P ITTSBURGH,P E:lfNSYLVANIA AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFICR ESEARCH,
s.B .A usterman WASHIXGTON, D. C.
ATO�IICS INTERNATIONAL DIVISION, CANOGA A.R .C ooper, Jr.
PARK, CALIFORNIA lIIASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTEO F TECHNOLOGY
J.B elle
I.B .C utler
WESTIXGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION,B ETTIS
UNIVERSITYO F UTAH
FIELD,P ITTSBURGH,P E:-<NSYLVANIA
G.D erge
C.E .B irchenaH
CARNEGIE INSTITUTOEF TECHNOLOGY
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
G.J .D ienes
R.G .B recl{enridge
BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY
NATIOXAL CARBON CO�IPANY,P AR�IA,O HIO
G.E conomos
G.W .B rindyl e
MASSSACHUSETTS INSTITUTEO F TECHNOLOGY
PENNSYLVANIA STATE t:"NIVERSITY
'''R.. B uessem J.L .E vans
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITYO F SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND
J.E .B urke L.E yring
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO�IPANY, SCHENECTADY, UNIVERSITYO F IOWA
NEW YORK
v.D .F rechette
S.R .B utler STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, COLLEGE OF
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY CERAmcs, ALFRED t:"NIVERSITY
ix
ParticipaanndCt osn tributors
x
P.G ibbs J.E .M ay
UNIVERSITYO F UTAH GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, SCHENECTADY,
NEW YORK
E.A .G iess
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES RESEARCH S.M rozowski
LABORATORIES,P OUGHKEEPSIE,N EW YORK UNIVERSITY OF BUFFALO
P.W . Gilles R.R .N ash
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS u.s .A TOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION,W ASHINGTON,
D. C.
E.W . Gorter
PHILIPSR ESEARCH LABORATORIES, EINDHOVEN, F.H .N orton
THE NETHERLANDS MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
T.J .G ray H.J .O el
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, COLLEGE OF UNIVERSITY OF GOTTINGEN, GERMANY
CERAMICS,A LFRED UNIVERSITY
Y.O ishi
K.H auft'e MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
FARBWERKE HOECHST AG, FRANKFUR'JI-HOECHST,
J.A .P ask
GERMANY
UNIVERSITYO F CALIFORNIA,B ERKELEY
W. B.H illig
A.L .R oberts
GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, SCHENECTADY,
LEEDS UNIVERSITY, ENGLAND
NEW YORK
P.R obinson
L.H iDlDlel
SPRAGUE ELECTRIC COMPANY, NORTH ADAMS,
OFFICEO F NAVAL RESEARCH,W ASHINGTON, D. C.
MASSACHUSETTS
J.M . Honig
M.A .S chwartz
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
WRIGHT AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER, DAYTON,
M. Huber OHIO
UNIVERSITY OF PARIS
L.S eigle
M. HUDlenik, Jr. SYLVANIA ELECTRIC COMPANY, BAYSIDE, LONG
FORD MOTOR COMPANY, DEARBORN, MICHIGAN ISLAND, NEW YORK
S.K ado W. R.S inclair
CARNEGIE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES, MURRAY HILL,
NEW JERSEY
M. A.K anter
ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY, LEMONT, L.S kolnick
ILLINOIS MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
T.B .K ing J.I .S laughter
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CORNING GLASS WORKS, CORNING, NEW YORK
W. D.Ki ngery R.A .S walin
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
P.J .K oros L.K .T empleton
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
G.C .K uczynski R.F .W alker
UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, WASHINGTON,
D. C.
U.E .K untz
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA A.W exler
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION,
T.C .Lo omis CHURCHILL BOROUGH, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA
BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES, MURRAY HILL,
NEW JERSEY J.Whi te
UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND
G.R .M achlan
OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION, NEW L.Y ang
ARK, OHIO CARNEGIE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
PREFACE
Thefi elodf s tudoyf t hek inetiocfsc ondensed-pprhoacsees astee sl evatteedm
peratuirsea s c ompleoxn e.I th asr eachae dp oinhto,w evewrh,e rae sub
stantbioadlyo fb ackgroudnadth aa sb ecomaev ailawbhliec hha sn otb eeanp plied
asf ruitfausli ltmy i ghbte .R esearaccht ivihtaiveets e ndetdob ecomceo mpart
mentaliaznedds, i nckei netsitcu dicerso stsh eb ordeorfsm anye stablidsihsecdi
plinetsh,e rhea ven otb eenf requeenxtc hangoefis n formatainodin d eabse tween
differewnotr kersI.n o rdetro b rintgo gethaecrt irvees earcfhoerrd si scussions
regardtihnegc urreanntd p otentsitaalt oufst hes ubjetchte,J une1 95E8n dicott
HouseC onferewnacsea rrangeFdr.o mt hev eryb eginnithnagt c onferewnacse
arrangweidt ah ni nterdisciapplpirnoaarcyh .
Thep rograamn da ttendaantct eh ec onferewnecreea rrangbeyda conference
committceoem poseodf :C .E .B irchenRa.lG l.,B reckenriGd.gW e., B rindley,
J.E .B urkeP,.W .G illWes.,D .K ingerJy.A, . P aska,n dM .A .S chwartTzh.o se
attendainndgp articipaattt ihnecg o nfere,nvceera el alc tiivner esearcThh.e y
represented dpioffienrtoesfn v ti ewf romi ndustarcya,d emaincd g overnment
laboratoarnidet sh,es epardaitsec iploifcn heesm istcreyr,a mipchsy,s imcest,a llurgy,
ande ngineeriOnngeo. f t hem ainr esulotfst h ec onferewnacset hef ocusionfg
thesdei verisnet ereasntdsp ointosfv iewo np robleimnst hek inetoifch si gh
temperatpurroec esses.
Thep resebnoto ki si ntendteomd a ket hesdei scussaivoanisl atbolt eh ossec ien
tisttse,c hnologainsdte sn,g ineceornsc ernweidt hh igh-temperpartoucrees isne s
generaanld,n onmetal syisntp eamrst iculIandr o.i ntgh inso,a ttemhpta sb een
madet om aket hefi nalv olumceo mprehenosria vlel -incluRsaitvhee.ir t,i sa
xi
