Kinetics and Chemical Technology

305 Pages·1985·15.42 MB·English

by  C.H. Bamford, The late C.F.H. Tipper and R.G. Compton (Eds.)

COMPREHENSIVE CHEMICAL KINETICS
COMPREHENSIVE
Section 1. THE PRACTICE AND THEORY OF KINETICS
(3 volumes)
Section 2. HOMOGENEOUS DECOMPOSITION AND
ISOMERISATION REACTIONS (2 volumes)
Section 3. INORGANIC REACTIONS (2 volumes)
Section 4. ORGANIC REACTIONS (6 volumes)
Section 5. POLYMERISATION REACTIONS ( 3 volumes)
Section 6. OXIDATION AND COMBUSTION REACTIONS
(2 volumes)
Section 7. SELECTED ELEMENTARY REACTIONS (1 volume)
Section 8. HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS (4 volumes)
Section 9. KINETICS AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (1 volume)
Section 10. MODERN METHODS, THEORY, AND DATA
CHEMICAL KINETICS
EDITED BY
C.H. BAMFORD
M.A.,Ph.D., Sc.D. (Cantab.), F.R.I.C., F.R.S.
Formerly Campbell-Brown Professor o f I ndustrial Chemistry,
University o fL iverpool
The late C.F.H. TIPPER
Ph.D. (Bristol), D.Sc. (Edinburgh)
Senior Lecturer in Physical Chemistry,
University of Liverpool
AND
R.G. COMPTON
M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon.)
Lecturer in Physical Chemistry,
University o fL iverpool
VOLUME 23
KINETICS AND CHEMICAL
TECHNOLOGY
ELSEVIER
AMSTERDAM-OXFORD-NEWYORK-TOKYO
1985
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V.
Molenwerf 1,
P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Distributors for the United States and Canada
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING COMPANY INC.
52 Vanderbilt Avenue
New York, N.Y. 10017
L’brary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
(Revised for volume 23)
Bamford, C. E.
Comprehensive chemical kinetics.
1. Chemical reacticn, Rate of--Collected works.
I. Tipper, C. F. H., (Charles Frank Howlett) 11. Compton,
R. G.
QD501.B242 541l.39 70-420111
ISBN 0-444-40673-5 (v. 1)
ISBN 0-444-41631-5 (Series)
ISBN 0-444-42441-5 (Vol. 23)
with 87 illustrations and 28 tables
@ Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1985
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form o r by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-
copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher,
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V./ Science & Technology Division, P.O. Box 330, 1000 AH
Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Special regulations for readers in the USA - This publication has been registered with the
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outside of the USA, should be referred to the publishers.
Printed in The Netherlands
COMPREHENSIVE CHEMICAL KINETICS
ADVISORY BOARD
Professor S.W. BENSON
Professor SIR FREDERICK DAINTON
Professor G. GEE
Professor G.S. HAMMOND
Professor W. JOST
the late Professor G.B. KISTIAKOWSKY
Professor K.J. LAIDLER
the late Professor M. MAGAT
Professor SIR HARRY MELVILLE
Professor S. OKAMURA
Professor N.N. SEMENOV
Professor Z.G. SZABO
Professor 0. WICHTERLE
Volumes in the Series
Section 1. THE PRACTICE AND THEORY OF KINETICS
(3 volumes)
Volume 1 The Practice of Kinetics
Volume 2 The Theory of Kinetics
Volume 3 The Formation and Decay of Excited Species
Section 2. HOMOGENEOUS DECOMPOSITION AND
ISOMERISATION REACTIONS (2 volumes)
Volume 4 Decomposition of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds
Volume 5 Decomposition and Isomerisation of Organic Compounds
Section 3. INORGANIC REACTIONS ( 2 volumes)
Volume 6 Reactions of Non-metallic Inorganic Compounds
Volume 7 Reactions of Metallic Salts and Complexes, and Organometallic
Compounds
Section 4. ORGANIC REACTIONS (6 volumes)
Volume 8 Proton Transfer
Volume 9 Addition and Elimination Reactions of Aliphatic Compounds
Volume 10 Ester Formation and Hydrolysis and Related Reactions
Volume 12 Electrophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom
Volume 13 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
Section 5. POLYMERISATION REACTIONS (3 volumes)
Volume 14 Degradation of Polymers
Volume 14A Free-radical Polymerisation
Volume 15 Non-radical Polymerisation
Section 6. OXIDATION AND COMBUSTION REACTIONS
(2 volumes)
Volume 16 Liquid-phase Oxidation
Volume 17 Gas-phase Combustion
Section 7. SELECTED ELEMENTARY REACTIONS (1 volume)
Volume 18 Selected Elementary Reactions
Section 8. HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS (4 volumes)
Volume 19 Simple Processes at the Gas-Solid Interface
Volume 20 Complex Catalytic Processes
Volume 21 Reactions of Solids with Gases
Volume 22 Reactions in the Solid State
Section 9. KINETICS AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (1 volume)
Volume 23 Kinetics and Chemical Technology
Section 10. MODERN METHODS, THEORY, AND DATA
Volume 24 Modern Methods in Kinetics
Volume 25 Diffusion-limited Reactions
Contributors to Volume 23
S. P.S . ANDREW Agricultural Division,
Imperial Chemical Industries,
Billingham TS23 lLB, Gt. Britain
J.A. BARNARD Eversley,
Netherhay,
Beaminster DT8 3RH, Gt. Britain
B.W. BROOKS Department of Chemical Engineering,
University of Technology,
Loughborough L E l l 3TU, Gt. Britain
W.J. THOMAS School of Chemical Engineering,
University of Bath,
Claverton Down,
Bath BA2 7AY, Gt. Britain
S.P. WALDRAM Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering,
University College,
London WClE 7JE, Gt. Britain
Preface
Chemical reactions carried out on an industrial scale are subject to
control by processes such as mass transfer and heat transfer, which, in
small-scale work, may often be reduced to negligible proportions by
judicious choice of conditions. Volume 23 deals with these aspects of
reaction kinetics, which must always be considered when significant
scale-up is contemplated and which may be expected to be of paramount
importance in industrial operations. The principles of chemical reactor
design are treated in a form digestible by chemists and there is some
emphasis on the way in which available kinetic data may be utilised by
the chemical engineer.
Chapter 1 reviews the concepts necessary for treating the problems
associated with the design of industrial reactions. These include the
essentials of kinetics, thermodynamics, and basic mass, heat and momentum
transfer. Ideal reactor types are treated in Chapter 2 and the most
important of these are the batch reactor, the tubular reactor and the
continuous stirred tank. Reactor stability is considered. Chapter 3
describes the effect of complex homogeneous kinetics on reactor
performance. The special case of gassolid reactions is discussed in
Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 deals with other heterogeneous systems namely
those involving gas-liquid, liquid-solid and liquid-liquid interfaces.
Finally, Chapter 6 considers how real reactors may differ from the “ideal”
reactors considered in earlier chapters.
The editors thank Mr. Andrew Waller for his assistance in compiling
the index.
Liverpool C.H. Bamford
October 1984 The late C.F.H. Tipper
R.G. Compton