Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD Measurement Application ...

207 Pages·2015·4.7 MB·English

Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers
This manual provides documentation for the following models:
PXA Signal Analyzer N9030A
MXA Signal Analyzer N9020A
EXA Signal Analyzer N9010A
CXA Signal Analyzer N9000A
N9080B & W9080B
LTE FDD & LTE-A
FDD Measurement
Application
Measurement Guide
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3
4
Contents
Table of Contents
1. About the LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD Measurement Application
What Does the Keysight LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD Measurement Application Do?. . . . . . . . . . 10
2. Making LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD Measurements
Setting Up and Making a Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Making the Initial Signal Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Using Analyzer Mode and Measurement Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The 3 Steps to Set Up and Make Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Power Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Making an LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD Power Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Modulation Analysis Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Making LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD Downlink Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Making LTE Uplink Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Troubleshooting Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Conformance EVM Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Making LTE & LTE-A Downlink Conformance EVM Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Making LTE & LTE-A Uplink Conformance EVM Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Preset to Standard Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
3. Interpreting Error Codes
4. Concepts
LTE Technical Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
LTE Specification Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
LTE Network Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Multiple Access Technology in the Downlink: OFDM and OFDMA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
LTE Frame Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Transmission Bandwidths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
LTE Time units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Duplexing Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Modulation and Coding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Uplink and Downlink Physical Resource Elements and Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Physical Layer Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Modulation Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Downlink Physical Layer Channels and Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Uplink Physical Layer Channels and Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Physical Signals and Channels Mapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Cyclic Prefix (CP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Multiple Access Technology in the Uplink: SC-FDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
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Contents
Examining the SC-FDMA Signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Overview of Multiple Antenna Techniques (MIMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
LTE-Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
LTE-Advanced Specification Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
IMT-Advanced and LTE-Advanced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
LTE-Advanced Key Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
Center Frequency and Carrier Ref Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
Carrier Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
RF Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
Channel Spacing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152
Channel Raster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
Component Carrier Power Measurement Bandwidth and Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
Carrier Config Presets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
Capturing Signals for Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
Finding Frames and Triggering Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
Finding the Trigger Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
Introducing a Trigger Delay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
Time Gating Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
Introduction: Using Time Gating on a Simplified Digital Radio Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
How Time Gating Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
Measuring a Complex/Unknown Signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
“Quick Rules” for Making Time-Gated Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
Using the Edge Mode or Level Mode for Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
Noise Measurements Using Time Gating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Measuring the Frequency Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
Measuring the Wideband Spectrum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
Measuring the Narrowband Spectrum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
LTE & LTE-A Measurement Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
Channel Power Measurement Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
Occupied Bandwidth Measurement Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Measurement Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
Power Statistics CCDF Measurement Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
Spurious Emissions Measurement Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Spectrum Emission Mask Measurement Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
Transmit On/Off Measurement Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
LTE & LTE-A Modulation Analysis Measurement Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
IQ Waveform Measurement Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Monitor Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
LTE & LTE-A Conformance EVM Measurement Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
Other Sources of Measurement Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201
Instrument Updates at www.keysight.com. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201
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Contents
List of Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
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Contents
8 Keysight NxxxxX Installation Guide
Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers
N9080B & W9080B
LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD Measurement Application Measurement Guide
1 About the LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD Measurement
Application
This chapter provides overall information on the Keysight LTE FDD &
LTE-Advanced FDD Measurement Application and describes the
measurements made by the analyzer.
9
About the LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD Measurement Application
What Does the Keysight LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD Measurement Application Do?
What Does the Keysight LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD Measurement
Application Do?
The LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD measurement application is a full-featured LTE FDD
& LTE-A FDD signal analyzer that can help determine if an modulated source or
transmitter is working correctly. There are standard and optional settings to
enable complete analysis of LTE FDD & LTE-A FDD communications signals.
The license N9080B/W9080B-1FP (License Type: Fixed/Perpetual. Windows 7
platform. N for PXA/MXA/EXA and W for CXA) is for LTE-Advanced TDD with
one carrier measurement. And the license N9080B/W9080B-2FP is for
LTE-Advanced TDD with multi-carrier measurement, it also requires to have
N9080B/W9080B-1FP installed.
The measurement application supports the following standards.
— TS36.211 v.10.7.0 (2013-03) 3GPP TSG-RAN; Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical Channels and Modulation (Release 10)
— TS36.141 v.11.12.0 (2013-09) 3GPP TSG-RAN; Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station (BS) conformance testing (Release
11)
— TS36.521 v.10.6.0 (2013-06) 3GPP TSG-RAN; Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and
reception conformance testing (Release 10)
— TS36.212 v.10.8.0 (2013-06) 3GPP TSG-RAN; Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) Physical Channels and
Modulation (Release 10)
— TS36.213 v.10.12.0 (2014-07) 3GPP TSG-RAN; Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) Physical layer procedures
(Release 10)
— TS36.214 v.10.1.0 (2011-03) 3GPP TSG-RAN; Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) Physical layer; Measurements
(Release 10)
— TS36.101 v.11.4.0 (2013-03) 3GPP TSG-RAN; Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and
reception (Release 11)
— TS36.104 v.11.4.0 (2013-03) 3GPP TSG-RAN; Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception
(Release 11)
— TS36.201 v.10.0.0 (2010-12) 3GPP TSG-RAN; Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA); LTE physical layer; General description (Release
10)
This analyzer makes the following measurements providing power
measurements and modulation analysis for the LTE & LTE-A FDD signals:
10 Keysight N9080B & W9080B Measurement Guide