Kelley’s Textbook of Rheumatology

2341 Pages·2012·34.87 MB·English

by  Gary S. Firestein

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KELLEY’S
Textbook of
Rheumatology
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VOLUME
I KELLEY’S
Textbook of
Rheumatology
NINTH EDITION
Gary S. Firestein, MD
Professor of Medicine
Dean and Associate Vice Chancellor of Translational
Medicine
UC San Diego Health Sciences
La Jolla, California
Ralph C. Budd, MD
Professor of Medicine
Director, Vermont Center for Immunology and Infectious
Diseases
The University of Vermont College of Medicine
Burlington, Vermont
Sherine E. Gabriel, MD, MSc William J. and Charles H. Mayo Professor
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota
Iain B. McInnes, PhD, FRCP, FRSE
Muirhead Professor of Medicine
Director, Institute of Infection, Immunity and
Inflammation
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences
University of Glasgow
Glasgow, United Kingdom
James R. O’Dell, MD
Bruce Professor of Medicine
Vice Chairman, Department of Internal Medicine
University of Nebraska College of Medicine;
Chief, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology
University of Nebraska Medical Center;
Omaha VA
Omaha, Nebraska
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
KELLEY’S TEXTBOOK OF RHEUMATOLOGY, NINTH EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4377-1738-9
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1989, 1985, 1981 by Saunders, an imprint of
Elsevier Inc.
Mayo drawings © Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
Cover image: Courtesy Thomas Deerinck and Mark Ellisman, the National Center for Microscopy and
Imaging Research, UCSD.
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
(other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment
may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating
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contained in the material herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kelley’s textbook of rheumatology / Gary S. Firestein … [et al.].—9th ed.
p. ; cm.
Textbook of rheumatology
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4377-1738-9 (hardcover : alk. paper)
I. Firestein, Gary S. II. Kelley, William N., 1939- III. Title: Textbook of rheumatology.
[DNLM: 1. Rheumatic Diseases. 2. Collagen Diseases. 3. Joint Diseases. 4. Lupus Erythematosus,
Systemic. WE 544]
616.7′23—dc23
2011036500
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Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Sincerest thanks to my wonderful wife, Linda, and our children,
David and Cathy, for their patience and support.
Also, the editorial help of our three Cavalier King Charles puppies,
Winston, Humphrey, and Punkin, was invaluable.
Gary S. Firestein
Sincere thanks for the kind mentoring
from Edward D. Harris, Jr.,
as well as for the support of my wife, Lenore,
and my children, Graham and Laura.
Ralph C. Budd
To my three boys:
my dear husband, Frank Cockerill, and our two wonderful sons, Richard and Matthew,
for being my constant source of inspiration, love, and pride.
And to my parents, Huda and Ezzat, for their love and tireless support.
Sherine E. Gabriel
To my wife, Karin, for her patience,
understanding, and love and to our wonderful girls,
Megan and Rebecca, who continue to enlighten me.
Iain B. McInnes
Sincere thanks to my wife, Deb, for her patience and love
and to our wonderful children, Kim and Andy, Jennie and Dan, and Scott and Melissa.
I also want to thank the members of my division
who continue to support me in all my efforts.
James R. O’Dell
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DEDICATION
Rutgers Medical School recruited Ted to become Chair of
Medicine, and four years later he assumed the Chair of
Medicine position at Stanford, a position he held until
1995. During Ted’s career he authored well over 100 peer-
reviewed publications and 70 reviews, chapters, editorials,
and books.
Ted served as President of the American College of
Rheumatology (ACR) and, during his tenure, skillfully
helped arrange an amicable separation of the ACR and the
Arthritis Foundation so that each organization could better
pursue its mission. He was named a fellow of the British
Royal College of Physicians in 2002 and received the Presi-
dential Gold Medal from ACR in 2007.
Ted had a remarkably perceptive intellect and a razor wit.
A former English major, his writing was crisp and vigorous.
His love of language elevated and animated text. Colleagues
knew that an “EDH note” could be mellifluous, mirthful,
Edward D. Harris, Jr., MD and merciless all at once. As academic secretary to Stanford,
1937-2010 Ted’s amusing touches to the minutes of the Stanford Senate
were legendary. He might squeeze in a quote from Dr. Seuss’s
Horton Hatches the Egg, add footnotes on faculty members’
Edward D. “Ted” Harris, Jr., was one of the four founding attire, or slip in sly editorial comments such as “wisely inter-
editors of the Textbook of Rheumatology. In the late 1970s, rupted” or “introduced with appreciated brevity.” As a
Bill Kelley sensed the need for a text that reflected the result, Ted’s words resonated and got results.
growth of rheumatology into a mature discipline. He met The English degree came in handy when, in 1997, Ted
with Ted, who quickly agreed, and they identified Shaun was named executive secretary of Alpha Omega Alpha
Ruddy and Clem Sledge as co-editors. A prime concern was (AOA) and editor of The Pharos, the society’s nontechnical
that the new book should be grounded in the abundant compendium of essays, poetry, art, and articles on medical
information in basic science that supported our subspecialty. history, ethics, and health policy. Ted breathed new life and
The standards they set were responsible for the high style into the journal during his 13-year tenure as editor.
quality of the finished Textbook. Ted’s choice of the iconic Ted also created a 532-page anthology called Creative
profile of Renoir, who suffered from rheumatoid arthritis, Healers: A Collection of Essays, Reviews, and Poems from The
has graced the cover of nine editions of the book and Pharos, 1938-1998, published by AOA in 2004. Reviewers
served to connect us to the humanitarian aspect of our on Amazon.com have mentioned the editor’s keen eye for
discipline. engaging writing, calling the volume’s contents “moving”
Ted was a graduate of Dartmouth College and its medical and “a tribute to the range of interests percolating around
school and of Harvard Medical School. Following his resi- in active intellects.”
dency at Massachusetts General Hospital he moved to the Ted Harris mentored a generation of rheumatologists and
National Institutes of Health (NIH), where he engaged in taught us all by his example of dynamic creative thought
research on collagen. In his spare moments he also formed and a deep humanitarian spirit. All of us involved with
a jazz ensemble, with himself playing bass. Upon Ted’s Kelley’s Textbook of Rheumatology feel a profound sadness
return to Mass General he entered a rheumatology fellow- with the loss of Ted, but even here Ted would provide the
ship and joined the laboratory of Dr. Stephen Krane, where appropriate perspective, with a passage he wrote in a Pharos
Ted applied his knowledge of collagen to the inflammatory editorial: “Melancholy, that gray veil that takes color out of
synovium of rheumatoid arthritis. life, can, at the same time, add to the brilliance and value
In 1970 Ted was recruited back to Dartmouth, where he of life, if we feel what it is asking of us. Melancholy and
built a robust connective tissue disease unit and received sadness, similar to love, can make those compartment walls
one of the NIH’s first arthritis center awards. Along with in our minds permeable, enabling us to express empathy
long-time colleague Dr. Constance Brinckerhoff, Ted’s that is truly felt within.’’
group defined the role of collagenase and metalloproteinases Ted Harris was a consummate scholar and a great human-
in the rheumatoid synovium. In 1979 Ted was sole author itarian, with a facile mind that spanned a wide array of
of the seminal monograph Rheumatoid Arthritis, which interests from science to the arts. He was in essence a civi-
detailed the complex interactions of the immune system lized man, something that has always been distinguished by
with connective tissue in rheumatoid arthritis. In 1983 its rarity.
vii
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