Keeping Cool in Southeast Asia: Energy Consumption and Urban Air-Conditioning

257 Pages·2014·2.022 MB·English

by  Marlyne Sahakian (auth.)

Keeping Cool in
Southeast Asia
Energy Consumption and Urban
Air-Conditioning
Marlyne Sahakian
Energy,ClimateandtheEnvironmentSeries
SeriesEditor:DavidElliott,EmeritusProfessorofTechnologyPolicy,
OpenUniversity,UK
Titlesinclude:
ManuelaAchillesandDanaElzey(editors)
ENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITYINTRANSATLANTICPERSPECTIVE
AMultidisciplinaryApproach
LucaAnceschiandJonathanSymons(editors)
ENERGYSECURITYINTHEERAOFCLIMATECHANGE
TheAsia-PacificExperience
PhilipAndrews-Speed
THEGOVERNANCEOFENERGYINCHINA
ImplicationsforFutureSustainability
IanBaileyandHughCompston(editors)
FEELINGTHEHEAT
ThePoliticsofClimatePolicyinRapidlyIndustrializingCountries
GawdatBahgat
ALTERNATIVEENERGYINTHEMIDDLEEAST
MehmetEfeBiresselioglu
EUROPEANENERGYSECURITY
Turkey’sFutureRoleandImpact
BethEdmondsonandStuartLevy
CLIMATECHANGEANDORDER
TheEndofProsperityandDemocracy
DavidElliott(editor)
NUCLEARORNOT?
DoesNuclearPowerHaveaPlaceinaSustainableFuture?
DavidElliott(editor)
SUSTAINABLEENERGY
OpportunitiesandLimitations
HuongHaandTekNathDhakal(editors)
GOVERNANCEAPPROACHESTOMITIGATIONOFANDADAPTATIONTO
CLIMATECHANGEINASIA
HoraceHerring(editor)
LIVINGINALOW-CARBONSOCIETYIN2050
MattiKojoandTapioLitmanen(editors)
THERENEWALOFNUCLEARPOWERINFINLAND
AntonioMarquina(editor)
GLOBALWARMINGANDCLIMATECHANGE
ProspectsandPoliciesinAsiaandEurope
CatherineMitchell,JimWatsonandJessicaWhiting(editors)
NEWCHALLENGESINENERGYSECURITY
TheUKinaMultipolarWorld
CatherineMitchell
THEPOLITICALECONOMYOFSUSTAINABLEENERGY
EspenMoeandPaulMidford(editors)
THEPOLITICALECONOMYOFRENEWABLEENERGYANDENERGY
SECURITY
CommonChallengesandNationalResponsesinJapan,Chinaand
NorthernEurope
MarlyneSahakian
KEEPINGCOOLINSOUTHEASTASIA
EnergyConsumptionandUrbanAir-Conditioning
IvanScraseandGordonMacKerron(editors)
ENERGYFORTHEFUTURE
ANewAgenda
BenjaminK.Sovacool
ENERGY&ETHICS
JusticeandtheGlobalEnergyChallenge
JosephSzarka,RichardCowell,GeraintEllis,PeterA.Strachan
andCharlesWarren(editors)
LEARNINGFROMWINDPOWER
Governance,SocietalandPolicyPerspectivesonSustainableEnergy
DavidToke
ECOLOGICALMODERNISATIONANDRENEWABLEENERGY
ThijsVandeGraaf
THEPOLITICSANDINSTITUTIONSOFGLOBALENERGYGOVERNANCE
XuYi-chong(editor)
NUCLEARENERGYDEVELOPMENTINASIA
ProblemsandProspects
XuYi-chong
THEPOLITICSOFNUCLEARENERGYINCHINA
Energy,ClimateandtheEnvironment
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Keeping Cool in
Southeast Asia
Energy Consumption and Urban
Air-Conditioning
Marlyne Sahakian
ResearchAssociate,UniversityofLausanne,Switzerland
©MarlyneSahakian2014
Softcoverreprintofthehardcover1stedition2014978-1-137-30882-5
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Contents
ListofIllustrations x
GlossaryofTagalog xii
SeriesEditor’sPreface xiv
Acknowledgments xvi
Maps xviii
Prologue 1
1 Introduction 4
1.1 Consumptionpatterns,practicesandpolicies 4
1.2 Researchstudyandsites 9
1.3 Apprehending‘consumption’ 15
1.4 ‘Sustainableconsumption’researchandpolicyspace 22
1.5 Organizationofthebook 24
2 EnergyConsumptionandCoolinginSoutheastAsia 27
2.1 EnergyconsumptioninSoutheastAsia 27
2.2 Growth,energyandemissionsinSoutheastAsia:Four
casestudies 31
2.3 Coolingthecity:Coolingdegreedaysand
air-conditioning 41
2.4 Historyandorganizationoftheelectricitysector:
ExampleofthePhilippines 49
2.5 Renewableenergy:ComparingthePhilippines,
IndonesiaandThailand 51
2.6 Summary 59
3 CoolingHistories,HabitsandVariations 61
3.1 Thehistoryofair-conditioning:Coolingfrom
westtoeast 61
3.2 Indooraircomfort:Bodilydispositions,
standardsandnorms 65
3.3 Air-conditioningartifactsandhowtheyareused 68
vii
viii Contents
3.4 Air-conditioningusagebydifferent
socio-economicgroups 73
3.5 Thechallengeofpromotingmore‘efficient’machines 77
3.6 Energypovertyand‘locking-in’theneedforcooling 81
3.7 Summary 88
4 CoolingOurCollidingPractices 90
4.1 Air-conditioningforsleepingbetteratnight 90
4.2 Air-conditioningforhealthandsafety 94
4.3 Air-conditioningandpreparingandcaringforachild 97
4.4 Air-conditioningforpersonalcleanliness 100
4.5 Air-conditioningasastatussymbol 103
4.6 Air-conditioningandfashion 106
4.7 Air-conditioningandtheworldofwork 109
4.8 Air-conditioningfrompublictoprivatespaces 113
4.9 Summary 116
5 When‘WestIsBest’forHousing 119
5.1 AhistoryofhousinginSoutheastAsia:Exampleofthe
Philippines 119
5.2 Currenthousingtrends:When‘Westisbest’
inMetroManila 125
5.3 Policiesandpracticestowardsbuildingefficiencyin
SoutheastAsia 135
5.4 Effortstowards‘green’buildingsinthePhilippines 138
5.5 Beyond‘green’:Towards‘sustainable’housing
inthePhilippines 146
5.6 Competinginterestsforbuilding‘sustainably’inthe
Philippines 152
5.7 Summary 156
6 OpportunitiesforChangethroughSocialLearning 158
6.1 Being‘framed’:Theindividualasresponsible
forchange 158
6.2 Thelearningproposition:Environmentalism
inMetroManila 163
6.3 Perceptionsofprivatesectorinvolvement
in‘green’initiatives 169
6.4 TrustrelationshipsandFilipinoelectedofficials 176
6.5 InsightsintosocialcapitalinMetroManila 179
6.6 Summary 187
Contents ix
7 Conclusion:‘TheFutureIsAlreadyHere’ 189
7.1 Thematerialdimension:Changingelectricity
productionandconsumption 189
7.2 Bringingnormsandvaluesoutofthecoldintoheated
debates 194
7.3 Activating‘trusted’peopleandcontextsofaction 200
Notes 206
Bibliography 218
Index 229