Kashmiri-English Dictionary for Second Language Learners

130 Pages·2000·16.456 MB·

by  Omkar N. Koul, S. N. Raina, Roop Krishen Bhat

KASHMIRI-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
FOR
SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS
CENTR4L INSTITUTE OF INDIAN LANGUAGES
. .
'
"MANASAGANGOTRI, MYSORE, INDIA
KASHMIRI-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
FOR SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF INDIAN LANGUAGES
PUBLICAnON N0.458
Major Indian Language: Ka8bmiti
KASHMIRI--ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
FORSECONDLANGUAGELEARNERS
OMKAR N. KOUL
S.N.RAINA
ROOP·KRISHEN BHAT
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF INDIAN LANGUAGES
MANASAGANGOTRI, MYSORE, INDIA
Kashmlrt-Engllsh Dlc:Honary for Second Language Learners
Omkor N. Koul
S.N. Raina
Roop Krlshen Bhot
Aprif2CXX)
First published:
Choltra 79 22
©Centro/Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, 2000.
This material may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means.
electronic, or mechanical. Including photocopy. recording. or any Information
storage and retrieval system. without permission In writing from the publisher.
Address for correspondence:
Director
Central Institute of Indian Languages
Monasagangotrl
MYSORE 570 006, INDIA.
Phone: [phone]. 515820 Grams: BHARATI
Telex: 0846-268 CIIL IN Fax: [phone]
E.moil: [email protected] Website: http://www.ciil.org
ISBN-81· 7342-064-5
PRICE Rs. 80/-
Published by Dr. Omkor N. Koul. Director for
Central institute of Indian Languages. Mysore.
Printed by Mr. S.B.Biswos. Manager. at
Clll Printing Press. Monasagangotri, Vinoba Road,
Mysore 570 006. Indio.
Production: K. Srinivasacharya
Cover Design: Monohor
FOREWORD
The Central Institute of Indian Languages was established on
17th July 1969 to help, evolve and imP.lement the language policy of
the Government of India and to coordinate the development of Indian
languages through research, training, material production for their
use in education, administration and other public domains. The
Institute has seven Regional Languag~ Centres to impart 10 months
intensive training in modem Indian languages to the teachers
deputed by various State Governments and Union Territories.
The materials which are produced in the Regional Language
Centres are specialized in nature as they are designed and produced
to suit the need of the second language learners.
The present Dictionary was initially prepared as a
Glossary in 1976 for the use of teacher trainees
~ishmiri-English
who learn Kashmiri at the Northern Regional Language Centre,
Patiala. As there is no other dictionary available for this purpose, it
was decided to publish it in the present form. I am sure that learners
of Kashmiri as a second language will find this Dictionary useful.
Omkar N. Koul
Director
v
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KASHMIRI - ENGLISH DICTIONARY
Omkar N. Koul
S.N. Raina
Roop Krishen Bhat
INTRODUCTION
...
. Jbe Kashmiri-English Dictionary presents English equivalents of Kashmiri lexical items. An
attempt has been made to include those lexical items which are very frequently used in both spoken
and written Kashmiri. The lexical items have been compiled on the basis of their use in common
speech, conversations and literary works of modern Kashmiri.
This Dictionary will be useful as a reference manual for those who are engaged in learning
Kashmiri as a second or foreign language. Each entry is fo11owed by grammatical category which
may help the learner to use the item correctly. Keeping in view the difficulties a non-native speaker
might face in understanding the meanings of cultura~'bound terms, such terms have been explained in .
simple words. The limitations of the present work did not allow us to furnish details of the usage of
idioms and phrases associated with certain lexical items. The aim of the preparation of this
Dictionary is to help the learners of Kashmiri in familiarizing themselves with the English
equivalents of the Kashmiri lexical items in as simple words as possible. The usage of some of the
lexical items is understood in particular context only. It has not been possible for us to present
illustrations of such terms in the present Dictionary.
A Note on transliteration
We have used Roman transliteration of Kashmiri lexical ~terns in the present Dictionary.
Following ~s the inventory of phonemes in Kashmiri :
· Vowels:
·central Back
. . F~,:ont­
High i/i i/i: u/u:
Mid e/e: A/A: o/o:
Mi4-low a >
Low a:
Consonants:
Bi-labial Dental Palatal Rotroflex Velar Glottal
Stops p t T k
ph th Th kh
b d D g
Affricates l:i c
tsh ch
J
Nasal m n
Trill r
Lateral
Fricatives s sh h
z
Semi vowels v y
'
We have followed the order of the entries in the following manner:
I high central short vowel
1: high central long vowel
A high central short vowel
A: high central long vowel
a mid central short vowel
a: low-central long vowel
i high front short vowel
t: high front long vowel
e mid front short vowel
e: mid front long vowel
u high back short vowel
u: high back long vowel
0 mid back short vowel
o: mid back long vowel
> mid-low back short vowel
k unaspirated voiceless velar stop
kh aspirated voiceless velar stop
g unaspirated voiced velar stop
c unaspirated voiceless palatal affricate
ch aspirated voiceless palatal affricate
ts unaspirated voiceless Alveolar affricate
tsh aspirated voiceless Alveolar affricate
unaspirated voiced palatal affricate
J
z voiced dental fricative
T unaspirated voiceless retroflox stop
Th aspirated voiceless retroflex stop
D unaspirated voiced retroflex stop
t unaspirated voiceless dental stop
th aspirated voiceless dental stop
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d unaspirated voiced dental stop
n voiced dental nasal
p voiceless unaspirated bilabial stop
ph voiceless aspirated bilabial stop
b voiced unaspirated bilabial stop
m voiced bilabial nasal
y palatal frictionless continuant/semi vowel
r trill
1 lateral
v bilabial frictionless continuant/semi vowel
sh palatal fricative
s dental fricative
h glottal fricative
List of Abbreviations
Adjective a
Adverb ad
Conjunction conj
Pronoun pr.
Feminine f
Interjection 1
Masculine m
Noun n
Plural p
Postposition pp.
Singular s
Verb v
Intransitive verb Vl
causal verb vc
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