Karl Marx: Thoroughly Revised Fifth edition

308 Pages·2013·2.23 MB·English

by  Isaiah Berlin

KARL MARX
ISAIAH BERLIN WAS BORN IN RIGA, now capital of Latvia, in 1909. When he
was six, his family moved to Russia; there in 1917, in Petrograd, he
witnessed both revolutions – social democratic and Bolshevik. In 1921
he and his parents came to England, and he was educated at St Paul’s
School, London, and Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
At Oxford he was a Fellow of All Souls, a Fellow of New College,
Professor of Social and Political Theory, and founding President of
Wolfson College. He also held the Presidency of the British Academy. In
addition to Karl Marx, his main published works are Russian Thinkers,
Concepts and Categories, Against the Current, Personal Impressions, The
Crooked Timber of Humanity, The Sense of Reality, The Proper Study of
Mankind, The Roots of Romanticism, The Power of Ideas, Three Critics of the
Enlightenment, Freedom and Its Betrayal, Liberty, The Soviet Mind and
Political Ideas in the Romantic Age. As an exponent of the history of ideas
he was awarded the Erasmus, Lippincott and Agnelli Prizes; he also
received the Jerusalem Prize for his lifelong defence of civil liberties. He
died in 1997.
Henry Hardy, a Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford, is one of Isaiah
Berlin’s Literary Trustees. He has edited (or co-edited) many other books
by Berlin, including all those listed above, and is currently working on
the fourth and final volume of his selected letters.
Terrell Carver is Professor of Political Theory at the University of Bristol.
His extensive publications on Marx and Engels include the Oxford Very
Short Introduction to Engels, his own translations of Marx’s Later Political
Writings, and a thematic reappraisal of Marx’s thought in The Postmodern
Marx.
For further information about Isaiah Berlin visit
‹http://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/›
ALSO BY ISAIAH BERLIN
*
The Hedgehog and the Fox
The Age of Enlightenment
Russian Thinkers
Concepts and Categories
Against the Current
Personal Impressions
The Crooked Timber of Humanity
The Sense of Reality
The Proper Study of Mankind
The Roots of Romanticism
The Power of Ideas
Three Critics of the Enlightenment
Freedom and Its Betrayal
Liberty
The Soviet Mind
Political Ideas in the Romantic Age
with Beata Polanowska-Sygulska
Unfinished Dialogue
*
Flourishing: Letters 1928–1946
Enlightening: Letters 1946–1960
Building: Letters 1960–1975
KARL MARX
ISAIAH BERLIN
Fifth Edition
Edited by Henry Hardy
Foreword by Alan Ryan
Afterword and Guide to Further Reading by Terrell Carver
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
PRINCETON AND OXFORD
Published in the United States of America, its territories, dependencies,
and the Philippine Islands by Princeton University Press, 41 William
Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be
sent to Permissions, Princeton University Press.
press.princeton.edu
Copyright Isaiah Berlin 1939, 1948
© Isaiah Berlin 1960, 1963, 1978
© The Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust and Henry Hardy 2013
Foreword © Alan Ryan 1995, 2013
Afterword © Terrell Carver 2007, 2013
Guide to Further Reading © Terrell Carver 2013
Editorial matter © Henry Hardy 2013
First edition published in the Home University Library
by Thornton Butterworth 1939
Second Edition published by Oxford University Press 1948
Reprinted with additions 1960
Third edition 1963
Fourth edition 1978
Fifth edition published by Princeton University Press 2013
The moral right of Isaiah Berlin and Henry Hardy to be identified as the author and editor
respectively of this work has been asserted.
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Berlin, Isaiah, 1909–1997.
Karl Marx / Isaiah Berlin; edited by Henry Hardy; foreword by
Alan Ryan; afterword and Guide to Further Reading by Terrell Carver. –
Fifth edition.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-691-15650-7 (pbk.: alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-691-15650-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Marx, Karl, 1818–1883. 2. Communists – Biography.
I. Hardy, Henry. II. Title.
HX39.5.B4 2013
335.4092–dc23 2012051126
[B]
British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in
Garamond Premier Pro Printed on acid-free paper
Printed in the United States of America
1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
To the memory of Marie and Mendel Berlin
CONTENTS
Editor’s Preface to the Fifth Edition xi
Foreword by Alan Ryan xix
Preface to the Fourth Edition xxix
Note to the Third Edition xxxiii
Note to the First Edition xxxv

1 Introduction 1
2 Childhood and Adolescence 22
3 The Philosophy of ‘The Spirit’ 33
4 The Young Hegelians 57
5 Paris 76
6 Historical Materialism 112
7 1848 149
8 Exile in London: The First Phase 168
9 The International 205
10 ‘The Red Terror Doctor’ 220
11 Last Years 248

Afterword by Terrell Carver 267
Guide to Further Reading by Terrell Carver 291
Index 297