Kaplan’s Cardiac Anesthesia: In Cardiac and Noncardiac Surgery, 7e

1639 Pages·2016·40.53 MB·English

KAPLAN’S
CARDIAC
ANESTHESIA
FOR CARDIAC AND NONCARDIAC SURGERY
KAPLAN’S
CARDIAC
ANESTHESIA
FOR CARDIAC AND NONCARDIAC SURGERY
S e v e n t h E d i t i o n
Editor
Joel A. Kaplan, MD, CPE, FACC
Professor of Anesthesiology
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
Dean Emeritus
School of Medicine
Former Chancellor
Health Sciences Center
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky
Associate Editors
John G.T. Augoustides, MD, FASE, FAHA
Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Perelman School of Medicine
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Gerard R. Manecke, Jr., MD
Chairman
Department of Anesthesiology
University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine
San Diego, California
Timothy Maus, MD, FASE
Associate Clinical Professor
Director of Perioperative Echocardiography
Department of Anesthesiology
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
David L. Reich, MD
President and Chief Operating Offcer
The Mount Sinai Hospital
Horace W. Goldsmith Professor of Anesthesiology
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, New York
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
KAPLAN’S CARDIAC ANESTHESIA: FOR CARDIAC AND NONCARDIAC ISBN: 978-0-323-39378-2
SURGERY: SEVENTH EDITION
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this feld are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden
our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become
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Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information
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With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identifed, readers are advised to check the most
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Previous editions copyrighted 2011, 2006, 1999, 1993, 1987, 1979
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Kaplan, Joel A., editor. | Augoustides, John G. T., editor. | Maneck, Gerard R., Jr., editor. | Maus,
Timothy, editor. | Reich, David L. (David Louis), 1960– editor.
Title: Kaplan’s cardiac anesthesia : for cardiac and noncardiac surgery / editor, Joel A. Kaplan ; associate editors,
John G.T. Augoustides, Gerard R. Manecke, Jr., Timothy Maus, David L. Reich.
Other titles: Cardiac anesthesia
Description: Seventh edition. | Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2017] | Preceded by Kaplan’s cardiac anesthesia : the
echo era / editor, Joel A. Kaplan. 6th ed. 2011. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifers: LCCN 2016044706 | ISBN 9780323393782 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Subjects: | MESH: Anesthesia | Cardiac Surgical Procedures | Heart—drug effects | Perioperative Care
Classifcation: LCC RD87.3.C37 | NLM WG 460 | DDC 617.9/6741—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016044706
Executive Content Strategist: Dolores Meloni
Senior Content Development Specialist: Ann Ruzycka Anderson
Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Albright Jackson
Senior Project Manager: Doug Turner
Designer: Ryan Cook
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
DEDICATION
To my loving wife, Norma, on the occasion of our fftieth wedding anniversary
Joel A. Kaplan, MD, CPE, FACC
To our families and loved ones for their support and understanding
John G.T. Augoustides, MD, FASE, FAHA
Gerard R. Manecke, Jr., MD
Timothy Maus, MD, FASE
David L. Reich, MD
v
CONTRIBUTORS
PHILLIP ADAMS, DO PAUL G. BARASH, MD
Department of Anesthesiology Professor
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
SHAMSUDDIN AKHTAR, MBBS
Associate Professor VICTOR C. BAUM, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology US Food and Drug Administration
Yale University School of Medicine Silver Spring, Maryland
New Haven, Connecticut Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and
Pediatrics
SARAH ARMOUR, MD George Washington University
Instructor Washington, District of Columbia
Anesthesiology
Mayo Clinic ANTHONY A. BAVRY, MD, MPH
Rochester, Minnesota Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
WILLIAM R. AUGER, MD University of Florida
Professor of Clinical Medicine Director, Interventional Cardiology
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health Administration
University of California, San Diego Gainesville, Florida
La Jolla, California
YAAKOV BEILIN, MD
JOHN G.T. AUGOUSTIDES, MD, FASE, FAHA Professor
Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Departments of Anesthesiology and Obstetrics/Gynecology
Perelman School of Medicine Vice Chair for Quality
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Department of Anesthesiology
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Director of Obstetric Anesthesiology
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
GINA C. BADESCU, MD New York, New York
Attending Anesthesiologist
Bridgeport Hospital ELLIOTT BENNETT-GUERRERO, MD
Stratford, Connecticut Professor and Vice Chair
Clinical Research and Innovation
JAMES M. BAILEY, MD Department of Anesthesiology
Medical Director Stony Brook Medicine
Critical Care Stony Brook, New York
Northeast Georgia Health System
Gainseville, Georgia DAN E. BERKOWITZ, MD
Professor
DANIEL BAINBRIDGE, MD Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
Associate Professor Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Western University Baltimore, Maryland
London, Ontario, Canada
MARTIN BIRCH, MD
DALIA A. BANKS, MD, FASE Anesthesiologist and Critical Care Physician
Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology Hennepin County Medical Center
Department of Anesthesiology Minneapolis, Minnesota
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California BRIAN BLASIOLE, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
MANISH BANSAL, MD, DNB CARDIOLOGY, FACC, Anesthesiology
FASE Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
Senior Consultant Pittsburgh, Pennsylania
Department of Cardiology
Medanta—The Medicity SIMON C. BODY, MD
Gurgaon, Haryana, India Associate Professor of Anesthesia
Harvard Medical School
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
vi
Contributors vii
T. ANDREW BOWDLE, MD, PhD BRETT CRONIN, MD
Professor of Anesthesiology and Pharmaceutics Assistant Clinical Professor
University of Washington Department of Anesthesiology
Seattle, Washington University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
CHARLES E. CHAMBERS, MD
Professor of Medicine and Radiology DUNCAN G. DE SOUZA, MD, FRCPC
Heart and Vascular Institute Clinical Assistant Professor
Penn State Hershey Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology
Hershey, Pennsylania University of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
MARK A. CHANEY, MD Director
Professor and Director of Cardiac Anesthesia Cardiac Anesthesia
Anesthesia and Critical Care Kelowna General Hospital
The University of Chicago Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
Chicago, Illinois
PATRICK A. DEVALERIA, MD
ALAN CHENG, MD Consultant
Adjunct Associate Professor Cardiac Surgery
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Mayo Clinic
Baltimore, Maryland Phoenix, Arizona
DAVY C.H. CHENG, MD, MSC MARCEL E. DURIEUX, MD, PhD
Distinguished University Professor and Chair Professor
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurosurgery
Western University University of Virginia
London, Ontario, Canada Charlottesville, Virginia
ALBERT T. CHEUNG, MD HARVEY L. EDMONDS, JR., PhD
Professor Professor Emeritus
Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine
Division Chief University of Louisville
Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Louisville, Kentucky
Program Director
Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology JOERG KARL ENDER, MD
Stanford University School of Medicine Director
Stanford, California Department of Anesthesiology
Intensive Care Medicine Heart Center
JOANNA CHIKWE, MD Leipzig, Germany
Professor of Cardiovascular Surgery
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery DANIEL T. ENGELMAN, MD
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Inpatient Medical Director
New York, New York Heart and Vascular Center
Baystate Medical Center
EDMOND COHEN, MD Springfeld, Massachusetts
Professor of Anesthesiology and Thoracic Surgery Assistant Professor
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Surgery
New York, New York Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
DAVID J. COOK, MD
Emeritus Professor of Anesthesiology LIZA J. ENRIQUEZ, MD
Mayo Clinic Anesthesiology Attending
Rochester, Minnesota St. Joseph’s Regional Medical Center
Chief Clinical and Operating Offcer Paterson, New Jersey
Jiahui Health
Shanghai, China JARED W. FEINMAN, MD
Assistant Professor
RYAN C. CRANER, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Senior Associate Consultant Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Anesthesiology Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Mayo Clinic
Phoenix, Arizona
viii Contributors
BYRON FERGERSON, MD VALENTIN FUSTER, MD, PhD, MACC
Associate Clinical Professor Physician-in-Chief
Associate Director of Resident Education The Mount Sinai Medical Center
Department of Anesthesiology Director
University of California, San Diego Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and
La Jolla, California Marie-Josee and Henry Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health
Staff Physician New York, New York
VA San Diego Director
Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiology Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculare (CNIC)
San Diego, California Madrid, Spain
GREGORY W. FISCHER, MD THERESA A. GELZINIS, MD
Professor and Chairman Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department of Anesthesiology
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh
New York, New York Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
DAVID FITZGERALD, MPH, CCP KAMROUZ GHADIMI, MD
Clinical Coordinator Assistant Professor
Division, Cardiovascular Perfusion Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
College of Health Professions Department of Anesthesiology
Medical University of South Carolina Duke University School of Medicine
Charleston, South Carolina Durham, North Carolina
LEE A. FLEISHER, MD EMILY K. GORDON, MD
Robert D. Dripps Professor and Chair Assistant Professor
Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Professor Perelman School of Medicine
Department of Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania S
TEVEN B. GREENBERG, MD
Clinical Associate Professor
SUZANNE FLIER, MD, MSC Director of Critical Care Services
Assistant Professor Evanston Hospital
Schulich School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology
University of Western Ontario North Shore University Health System
London, Ontario, Canada Evanston, Illinois
AMANDA A. FOX, MD, MPH LEANNE GROBAN, MD
Vice Chair of Clinical and Translational Research Professor
Associate Professor Director, Cardiac Aging Lab
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Department of Anesthesiology
Associate Professor Wake Forest School of Medicine
McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development Winston-Salem, North Carolina
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas HIL
ARY P. GROCOTT, MD, FRCPC, FASE
Professor
JONATHAN F. FOX, MD Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine and Surgery
Instructor University of Manitoba
Anesthesiology Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
ROBERT C. GROOM, MS, CCP, FPP
Director of Cardiovascular Perfusion
JULIE K. FREED, MD, PhD Cardiovascular Services
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Maine Medical Center
Medical College of Wisconsin Portland, Maine
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
JACOB T. GUTSCHE, MD
LEON FREUDZON, MD Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor Cardiothoracic and Vascular Section
Department of Anesthesiology Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Yale University School of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Contributors ix
JOSHUA HAMBURGER, MD JOEL A. KAPLAN, MD, CPE, FACC
Assistant Professor Professor of Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology University of California, San Diego
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai La Jolla, California
New York, New York Dean Emeritus
School of Medicine
NADIA HENSLEY, MD Former Chancellor
Assistant Professor Health Sciences Center
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine University of Louisville
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Louisville, Kentucky
Baltimore, Maryland
KEYVAN KARKOUTI, MD, FRCPC, MSC
BENJAMIN HIBBERT, MD, PhD Professor
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesia
CAPITAL Research Group Assistant Professor
Department of Cardiology Department of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation
University of Ottawa Heart Institute University of Toronto
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Scientist
Toronto General Research Institute
Deputy Anesthesiologist-in-Chief
THOMAS L. HIGGINS, MD, MBA
Anesthesia
Chief Medical Offcer
Toronto General Hospital
Baystate Franklin Medical Center
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Greenfeld, Massachusetts
Chief Medical Offcer
Baystate Noble Hospital JEFFREY KATZ, MD
Westfeld, Massachusetts Clinical Assistant Professor
Professor Anesthesia and Critical Care
Department of Medicine, Anesthesia, and Surgery NorthShore University Health System
Tufts University School of Medicine Evanston, Illinois
Boston, Massachusetts
SWAPNIL KHOCHE, MBBS
JOSEPH HINCHEY, MD, PhD Assistant Clinical Professor
Cardiac Anesthesia Fellow Department of Anesthesiology
Anesthesiology University of California, San Diego
The Mount Sinai Hospital La Jolla, California
New York, New York
COLLEEN G. KOCH, MD, MS, MBA
CHARLES W. HOGUE, MD Mark C. Rogers Professor and Chair
James E. Eckenhoff Professor of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
Northwestern University Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Feinberg School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute
Chicago, Illinois MARK KOZAK, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
JAY HORROW, MD, FAHA Heart and Vascular Institute
Professor of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Pharmacology Penn State Hershey Medical Center
Drexel University College of Medicine Hershey, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
GIOVANNI LANDONI, MD
PHILIPPE R. HOUSMANS, MD, PhD Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care
Professor IRCCS San Raffaele Scientifc Institute
Anesthesiology Professor
Mayo Clinic Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
Rochester, Minnesota Milan, Italy
RONALD A. KAHN, MD LAEBEN LESTER, MD
Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology
New York, New York Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
x Contributors
JERROLD H. LEVY, MD, FAHA, FCCM TIMOTHY MAUS, MD, FASE
Professor and Co-Director Associate Clinical Professor
Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit Director of Perioperative Echocardiography
Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery Department of Anesthesiology
Duke University School of Medicine University of California, San Diego
Durham, North Carolina La Jolla, California
WARREN J. LEVY, MD NANHI MITTER, MD
Associate Professor Physician Specialists in Anesthesia
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Clinical Anesthesiologist
Perelman School of Medicine Emory St. Joseph’s Hospital of Atlanta
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Atlanta, Georgia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
ALEXANDER J.C. MITTNACHT, MD
EMILIO B. LOBATO, MD Professor of Anesthesiology
Staff Anesthesiologist Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health Administration Director, Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia
Gainesville, Florida Department of Anesthesiology
The Mount Sinai Medical Center
ADAIR Q. LOCKE, MD New York, New York
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology CANDICE R. MONTZINGO, MD, FASE
Wake Forest School of Medicine Assistant Professor
Winston-Salem, North Carolina Department of Anesthesiology
University of Nebraska Medical Center
MARTIN J. LONDON, MD Omaha, Nebraska
Professor of Clinical Anesthesia
University of California, San Francisco CHRISTINA T. MORA-MANGANO, MD
Veterans Affairs Medical Center Professor
San Francisco, California Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine
(Cardiac)
MONICA I. LUPEI, MD Stanford University Medical Center
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Stanford, California
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Minnesota BENJAMIN N. MORRIS, MD
Minneapolis, Minnesota Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
MICHAEL M. MADANI, MD Wake Forest School of Medicine
Professor of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Winston-Salem, North Carolina
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California J. PAUL MOUNSEY, BM BCH, PhD, FRCP, FACC
Sewell Family/McAllister Distinguished Professor
FEROZE MAHMOOD, MD, FASE Director, Electrophysiology
Director, Cardiac Anesthesia Department of Cardiology
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center University of North Carolina
Associate Professor Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts JOHN M. MURKIN, MD, FRCPC
Professor of Anesthesiology (Senate)
GERARD R. MANECKE, JR., MD Schulich School of Medicine
Chairman University of Western Ontario
Department of Anesthesiology London, Ontario, Canada
University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine
San Diego, California ANDREW W. MURRAY, MBCHB
Assistant Professor
NICHOLAS W. MARKIN, MD, FASE Anesthesiology
Assistant Professor University of Pittsburgh
Department of Anesthesiology Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska
ANDREW MASLOW, MD
Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
Warren Alpert Brown Medical School
Providence, Rhode Island