Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: The Foundation of Modern Philosophy

449 Pages·2009·3.022 MB·English

by  Otfried Höffe (auth.)

KANT’SCRITIQUEOFPUREREASON
Studies in German Idealism
SeriesEditor:
ReinierMunk,VUUniversity,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands
AdvisoryEditorialBoard:
FrederickBeiser,SyracuseUniversity,U.S.A.
DanielDahlstrom,BostonUniversity,U.S.A.
GeorgediGiovanni,McGillUniversity,Montreal,Canada
PaulGuyer,UniversityofPennsylvania,U.S.A.
DetlevPätzold,UniversityofGroningen,TheNetherlands
AndreaPoma,UniversityofTorino,Italy
VOLUME 10
Forothertitlespublishedinthisseries,gotowww.springer.com/series/6545
KANT’S CRITIQUE
OF PURE REASON
THE FOUNDATION OF MODERN
PHILOSOPHY
by
OTFRIEDHÖFFE
123
Prof.Dr.OtfriedHöffe
UniversitätTübingen
LSfürPhilosophie
Bursagasse1
72070Tübingen
Germany
[email protected]
ISSN1571-4764
ISBN978-90-481-2721-4 e-ISBN978-90-481-2722-1
DOI10.1007/978-90-481-2722-1
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009927001
(cid:2)C SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2010
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
1 FOURREASONSFORENGAGINGWITHKANT’SFIRST
CRITIQUE 1
1.1 TheHistoricalSignificanceofKant’sPhilosophy 1
1.2 AnAlternativeFormofFundamentalPhilosophy 4
1.3 EpistemicCosmopolitanism 6
1.4 PracticalPhilosophyintheAgeof(Natural)Science 10
PARTI THEFULLCRITICALPROGRAMME
2 INNOVATIONANDTRADITION 19
2.1 KnowledgeintheServiceofMorality 19
2.2 TheAporeticQuestforKnowledge 23
2.3 JudicialCritique 27
2.4 APhilosophyofExperience 32
2.5 AndtheAlternativeofNaturalism? 34
3 OBJECTIVITYTHROUGHSUBJECTIVITY 37
3.1 PhilosophyasScience 37
3.2 TheEpistemicRevolution 41
3.3 TheRealmofAppearanceistheOnlyTruth 48
4 APHILOSOPHICALTHEORYOFSCIENCE 51
4.1 TheDecisiveQuestion 51
4.2 ThinkinginContinuitywiththeSciences 54
4.3 This-WordlyTranscendence 56
4.4 ThreeObjectionstoKant 61
v
vi TABLEOFCONTENTS
5 FIRSTASSESSMENT:KANT’SPROGRAMME 69
5.1 Is Philosophy Possible without an Antecedent
CritiqueofLanguage? 69
5.2 CosmopolitanInterests 72
5.3 AnEpistemicTightrope 76
PARTII ONLYHUMANBEINGSPURSUEMATHEMATICS
6 APHILOSOPHYOFINTUITION 83
6.1 ContestingthePrejudiceAgainstSensibility 83
6.2 SpaceandTimeasSuch 90
6.3 TwoPriorities 93
6.4 ASensibilityIndependentofExperience 95
7 ATRANSCENDENTALGEOMETRY 103
7.1 Mathematics,MetamathematicsandMetaphysics 103
7.2 DoesMathematicsInvolvetheSyntheticaPriori? 105
7.3 TheIndeterminacyofTranscendentalSpace 110
8 SECONDASSESSMENT:SENSIBILITYANDWORLD 115
8.1 AnIdealismBeyondtheAlternativetoRealism 115
8.2 OnlyHumanBeingsPursueMathematics 119
8.3 WalkingaPerilousTightrope 121
PARTIII ATRANSCENDENTALGRAMMAR
9 CATEGORIES 127
9.1 ANewKindofLogic 127
9.2 PureConcepts 131
9.3 TheTableofJudgements 134
9.4 TheTableofCategories 141
10 THEPROBLEMOFJUSTIFICATION 147
10.1 TheAimoftheArgument 148
TABLEOFCONTENTS vii
10.2 TranscendentalSelf-Consciousness 154
10.3 Excursus:KantandDescartes 159
10.4 KeepingtotheLimitsofExperience 163
11 THEINCOMPLETEDEDUCTION 169
11.1 AThirdFaculty? 169
11.2 TheSubsidiaryFacultyofJudgement 173
11.3 TranscendentalSchemata 175
12 THIRD ASSESSMENT: UNDERSTANDING AND
WORLD(1) 179
12.1 FundamentalConcepts 179
12.2 ThreeApproachestoTruth 180
12.3 ACritiqueofNaturalism 188
PARTIV TRANSCENDENTALLAWSOFNATURE
13 MATHEMATISATION 195
13.1 TranscendentalGroundingPrinciples 195
13.2 Intuition 197
13.3 Perception 202
14 PHYSICALISATION 207
14.1 Substance:Permanence 210
14.2 Causality 213
14.3 EmpiricalThought 221
15 FOURTH ASSESSMENT: UNDERSTANDING AND
WORLD(2) 223
15.1 ContraScepticismconcerningtheExternalWorld 223
15.2 ThingsinThemselves 226
15.3 NoSciencewithoutMathematics 231
15.4 Probability–AnAlternativetoCausality? 235
viii TABLEOFCONTENTS
PARTV APOST-METAPHYSICALMETAPHYSICS
16 CONSTRUCTIVEDECONSTRUCTION 245
16.1 ARe-evaluationofDialectic 246
16.2 ThreeFallacies 248
16.3 TheTruthintheIllusion 252
17 ACRITICALPHILOSOPHYOFMIND 255
17.1 TranscendentalPsychology 255
17.2 TheIllusionsofReification 258
17.3 TheDualismofBodyandSoul 266
17.4 SomeAlternativePositions 271
18 COSMOLOGICALCONTRADICTIONS 279
18.1 ConstructiveScepticism 279
18.2 TheTranscendentalKey 284
18.3 OntheBeginningandtheDivisibilityoftheWorld 288
18.4 CosmologicalorPracticalFreedom? 293
19 TRANSCENDENTALTHEOLOGY 301
19.1 AComplexParadigmChange 301
19.2 ANewConceptofGod 304
19.3 DismantlingtheProofsoftheExistenceofGod 307
19.4 A Rehabilitation of the Ontological Argument
(Plantinga)? 312
20 FIFTHASSESSMENT:REASONANDWORLD 317
20.1 ThreePrinciplesofEnquiry 318
20.2 ASurprisingCompletionoftheCriticalEnterprise 322
20.3 MetaphysicsorPositivism? 328
TABLEOFCONTENTS ix
PARTVI EPISTEMICUNIVERSALISM
21 FROMTHEORETICALTOPRACTICALREASON 337
21.1 APrincipleofRightinPlaceofMathematics 338
21.2 Morality 345
21.3 RationalHope 351
22 SYSTEMANDHISTORY 359
22.1 TheArchitectonic 360
22.2 CosmicalConceptsandScholasticConcepts 368
22.3 APhilosophicalArchaeology 371
23 THEKANTIANMETAPHORS 381
23.1 SeparatingtheMaterials 385
23.2 InnerStructure 386
23.3 TheDeceptiveAppearanceofFurtherShores 388
23.4 BuildingsinRuins 389
23.5 SoaringinEmptySpace 392
23.6 FromCivilConflicttoDueProcess 392
24 CONCLUSIONANDPROSPECT 397
24.1 Re-TranscendentalisingPhilosophy 397
24.2 SubversiveAffirmation 401
24.3 Trans-Subjectivity 406
24.4 AnEpistemicandMoralWorldRepublic 412
BIBLIOGRAPHY 419
INDEX 441