Kami Ways in Nationalist Territory: Shinto Studies in Prewar Japan and the West

290 Pages·2013·69.642 MB·English

by  Kate Wildman Nakai (editor)

BERNHARD SCHEID (EDITOR)
KAMI WAYS IN NATIONALIST TERRITORY
SHINTO STUDIES IN PREWAR JAPAN AND THE WEST
ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN
PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE
SITZUNGSBERICHTE, 840. BAND
BEITRÄGE ZUR KULTUR- UND GEISTESGESCHICHTE ASIENS
NR. 78
Herausgegeben von Helmut Krasser
ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN
PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE
SITZUNGSBERICHTE, 840. BAND
Kami Ways in Nationalist Territory
Shinto Studies in Prewar Japan and the West
Edited by Bernhard Scheid,
with Kate Wildman Nakai
Vorgelegt von k. M. HELMUT KRASSER
in der Sitzung am 12. März 2013
British Library Cataloguing in Publication data
British Library Cataloguing in Publication data
A Catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library
Cover:
Praying for military success and safety at home at the National Kitano Shrine
in Kyoto, Sept. 20, 1937. Picture postcard. Courtesy of East Asia Image Collections,
Lafayette College Libraries.
Die verwendete Papiersorte ist aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff hergestellt,
frei von säurebildenden Bestandteilen und alterungsbeständig.
Alle Rechte vorbehalten
ISBN 978-3-7001-7400-4
Copyright © 2013 by
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Wien
Druck und Bindung: Prime Rate kft., Budapest
Printed and bound in the EU
http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/7400-4
http://verlag.oeaw.ac.at
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Contributors ix
Abbreviations xi
Introduction: Shinto Studies and the Nonreligious-Shrine Doctrine 1
Bernhard Scheid
Religion, Secularity, and the Articulation of the “Indigenous” in Modernizing
Japan 23
iSomae Jun’ichi

Nationalism and the Humanities in Modern Japan: Religious, Buddhist,
Shinto, and Oriental Studies 51
hayaShi makoto
Colonial Empire and Mythology Studies: Research on Japanese Myth in the
Early Shōwa Period 75
hirafuJi kikuko
Coming to Terms with “Reverence at Shrines”: The 1932 Sophia University–
Yasukuni Shrine Incident 109
kate Wildman nakai
Shinto Research and Administration in the First Half of the Twentieth Century:
The Case of Miyaji Naokazu 155
Endō Jun
The Ethnographer, the Scholar, and the Missionary: French Studies on Shinto
at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century 179
Jean-Pierre Berthon
“A Living Past as the Nation’s Personality”: Jinnō Shōtōki, Early Shōwa
Nationalism, and Das Dritte Reich 203
michael Wachutka
In Search of Lost Essence: Nationalist Projections in German Shinto Studies 237
Bernhard Scheid
Index 265

Acknowledgements
T his volume owes its existence in large part to Kate Wildman Nakai,
professor emerita of Sophia University, Tokyo, who alerted me to the
impact of nationalist topics in the prewar volumes of Monumenta
Nipponica, especially with regard to German Shinto studies. Being herself
involved in research on the history of this journal, which she edited from
1997 to 2010, she encouraged me to convene a conference on the context of
these topics, which resulted in the symposium “Shinto Studies and National-
ism” held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, in September 2007.
In addition, I have to thank Kate for her chapter and for her incalculable
efforts in proofreading the entire volume as well as improving the drafts of
my translations of the four chapters originally written in Japanese. Next,
I owe my gratitude to all the other coauthors who patiently accompanied
me through the protracted production process of this book, in particular
to Michael Wachutka who also proofread the volume. Further, I would like
to thank Klaus Antoni (University of Tübingen) and Wilburn Hansen (San
Diego State University) for their talks at the symposium, and the following
participants who acted as discussants: Sepp Linhart, Wolfram Manzenreiter,
Isabelle Prochaska, Bernhard Seidl, and Susanne Koppensteiner from the
University of Vienna, and Mark Teeuwen from Oslo University. Regard-
ing the imponderabilities of the English language, which is not the mother
tongue of most of the authors in this book, I am greatly indebted to Cynthia
Peck-Kubaczek from the Austrian Academy of Sciences for her invaluable
corrections of the nonnative speaker contributions to this volume. Last but
not least, I owe my gratitude to Helmut Krasser, the director of the Institute
for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia at the Austrian Academy of
Sciences, for his support of the project and his recommendation of the book
to be published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press.
Vienna, January 2013
Bernhard Scheid

Contributors
Jean-Pierre BERTHON, research fellow at the French National Centre for
Scientific Research, Paris. His research interests focus on Japanese new
religious movements and the role of religions in contemporary Japa-
nese society. His main publications include: “La répression à l’encontre
des nouvelles religions dans le Japon impérial (1868–1945)” (in État,
religion et répression en Asie. Chine, Corée, Japon, Vietnam: XIIIe–
XXIe siècles, 2011); Omoto: espérance millénariste d’une nouvelle reli-
gions japonaise (1985).
ENDŌ Jun 遠藤潤, associate professor at the Institute for Japanese Culture
and Classics of Kokugakuin University (Tokyo). Specialist of Japanese
religious history, in particular early modern and modern Shinto. Re-
cent publications include: Hirata kokugaku to kinsei shakai (The Hira-
ta School of National Learning and Early Modern Society, 2008); “The
Early Modern Period: In Search of a Shinto Identity” (in A Short His-
tory of Shinto, 2003).
ISOMAE Jun’ichi 磯前順一, associate professor at the International Research
Center for Japanese Studies, Kyoto. Research interests include the dis-
course on religion, the history of Japanese historiography, and interpre-
tations of Japanese mythology from the antiquity to the modern period.
In addition to numerous publications in Japanese, recent publications
in English include: Japanese Mythology: Hermeneutics on Scripture
(2010).
HAYASHI Makoto 林淳, professor at the Department of Religious Studies,
Aichi Gakuin University. As a specialist of the history of Japanese re-
ligions, in particular of Yin Yang divination (onmyōdō) during the Edo
period, he has published widely on related topics, including: Tenmonka-
ta to onmyōdō (Experts of Calendar and Yin Yang Divination, 2006);
“Religion in the Modern Period” (in Nanzan Guide to Japanese Reli-
gions, 2006).
HIRAFUJI Kikuko 平藤喜久子, associate professor at the Institute for Japa-
nese Culture and Classics of Kokugakuin University (Tokyo). A special-
ist of mythology studies and the research history of Japanese mytho-