Just Wars, Holy Wars, and Jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Encounters and Exchanges

451 Pages·2012·2.55 MB·English

by  Sohail H. Hashmi

Just Wars, Holy Wars, and Jihads
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Just Wars, Holy Wars,
and Jihads
Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Encounters and Exchanges
EDITED BY SOHAIL H. HASHMI

1
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Just wars, holy wars, and jihads : Christian, Jewish, and Muslim encounters
and exchanges / edited by Sohail H. Hashmi.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-19-975503-5 (paperback) — ISBN 978-0-19-975504-2 (hardcover) 1. War—Religious aspects.
2. Just war doctrine. 3. Jihad. 4. War—Religious aspects—Christianity. 5. War—Religious aspects—Judaism.
6. War—Religious aspects—Islam. I. Hashmi, Sohail H., 1962–
BL65.W2J87 2012
201(cid:99) .7273—dc23 2012003852
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
To the memory of
Omar Khalidi
(1953–2010)
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments xi
Contributors x iii
Introduction
3
sohail h. hashmi and james turner johnson
PART ONE T HE EARLY ISLAMIC CONQUESTS
1. Religious Services for Byzantine Soldiers and the Possibility of
Martyrdom, c. 400–c. 1000
25
paul stephenson
2. In Defense of All Houses of Worship? Jihad in the Context
of Interfaith Relations
47
asma afsaruddin
3. God’s War and His Warriors: Th e First Hundred Years of Syriac Accounts
of the Islamic Conquests
69
michael philip penn
PART TWO THE CRUSADES
4. Imagining the Enemy: Southern Italian Perceptions of Islam at the Time
of the First Crusade
91
joshua c. birk
viii Contents
5. Ibn ‘Asakir and the Intensifi cation and Reorientation of Sunni Jihad
Ideology in Crusader-Era Syria
107
suleiman a. mourad and james e. lindsay
6. Angles of Infl uence: Jihad and Just War in Early Modern Spain
125
g. scott davis
7. Religious War in the Works of Maimonides: An Idea and Its Transit across
the Medieval Mediterranean
146
george r. wilkes
PART THREE GUNPOWDER EMPIRES, CHRISTIAN AND MUSLIM
8. Martyrdom and Modernity: Th e Discourse of Holy War in
the Works of John Foxe and Francis Bacon
167
brinda charry
9. Ottoman Conceptions of War and Peace in the Classical Period
190
a. nuri yurdusev
10. Islam and Christianity in the Works of Gentili, Grotius,
and Pufendorf
207
john kelsay
PART FOUR E UROPEAN IMPERIALISM
11. Just War and Jihad in the French Conquest of Algeria
221
benjamin claude brower
12. Jihad, Hijra , and Hajj in West Africa
246
david robinson
13. Jihads and Crusades in Sudan from 1881 to the Present
263
heather j. sharkey
14. Th e Trained Triumphant Soldiers of the Prophet Muhammad:
Holy War and Holy Peace in Modern Ottoman History
283
mustafa aksakal
Contents ix
15. Muslim Debates on Jihad in British India: Th e Writings
of Chiragh ‘Ali and Abu al-A‘la Mawdudi
305
omar khalidi
PART FIVE I NTERNATIONAL LAW AND OUTLAWS
16. Jihad and the Geneva Conventions: Th e Impact of International
Law on Islamic Th eory
325
sohail h. hashmi
17. Th e Jewish Law of War: Th e Turn to International Law and Ethics
342
suzanne last stone
18. Fighting to Create the Just State: Apocalypticism
in Radical Muslim Discourse
364
david cook
19. How Has the Global Salafi Terrorist Movement Aff ected
Western Just War Th inking?
383
martin l. cook
Conclusion : A Look Back and a Look Forward
402
james turner johnson
Index 4 17